scholarly journals Perspectives on LNG competitiveness: An overview of the EU market

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-163
Author(s):  
Strahinja Obrenović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Liquefied Gas ◽  
South Of Europe ◽  
The Eu

In this paper we research the development and competitiveness of the LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) market in the European Union, especially in its member states located in west and south of Europe. First, we analyze legal and regulatory framework at the EU level, under which LNG terminals and facilities operate. In addition to content analysis, we also compare trends in the European LNG market with trends in other regions, especially in the Asian LNG market. The result of the research highlights the changed structure of the EU's gas market, characterized by larger imports of liquefied natural gas, especially since the end of 2018, as well as increased number of terminals and capacities for receiving liquefied gas. However, the growth in the share of liquefied gas in total import was not linear in the previous years. As a part of the discussion we examine three possible scenarios regarding the future of LNG market in the European Union, and we conclude that the perspective of LNG in the market will primarly depend on price competitiveness comparing it to pipeline gas transport.

scholarly journals “To protect national sovereignty from the EU?” The 2019 EP elections and populist parties in V4 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (54) ◽  
pp. 71-106
Author(s):  
Vladimír Naxera ◽  
◽  
Viktor Glied ◽  
Ondřej Filipec ◽  
Małgorzata Kaczorowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central European ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
The Eu

This article analyses the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election manifestos of populist parties in V4 countries as a contribution to the contemporary discussion on political populism. The aim of the study is to analyze the election campaign programs which populist parties operating in individual V4 countries presented for EP elections in 2019, using a qualitative content analysis of the official election programs of relevant populist parties and other sources of their communication. It tries to identify topics that have been framed as a problem or risk by Central European populists and how these topics have been interpreted in their programs. The so-called “immigration crisis” and the contemporary state of the European Union are seen as the most problematic topics by a majority of the populists. On the other hand, the majority of these parties do not want some Central European version of Brexit. Their rhetorical goal is rather the reform the Union.

A modified Cournot model of the natural gas market in the European Union: Mixed-motives delegation in a politicized environment

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Jansen ◽  
Arie van Lier ◽  
Arjen van Witteloostuijn ◽  
Tim Boon von Ochssée
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cournot Model ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Mixed Motives

scholarly journals US Natural Gas Market Classification Using Pooled Regression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Kalashnikov ◽  
Gerardo A. Pérez-Valdés ◽  
Timothy I. Matis ◽  
Nataliya I. Kalashnykova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
New Research

Natural gas marketing has considerably evolved since the early 1990s, when a set of liberalizing rules were passed in both the United States and the European Union that eliminated state-driven regulations in favor of open energy markets. These new rules changed many things in the business of energetics, and therefore new research opportunities arose. Econometric studies about natural gas emerged as an important area of study since natural gas may now be sold and traded in a number of stock markets, each one responding to potentially different behavioral drives. In this work, we present a method to differentiate sets of time series based on a regression model relating price, consumption, supply, and other factors. Our objective is to develop a method to classify different areas, regions, or states into groups or classes that share similar regression parameters. Once obtained, these groups may be used to make assumptions about corresponding natural gas prices in further studies.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LNG MARKET TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN ARCTIC LNG PROJECTS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Michael V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Near Future

Currently, natural gas is considered by most countries as the main source of energy, since it is the cleanest of all hydrocarbon fuels. So, the countries of the European Union have already announced their intention to completely abandon coal, in the production of electricity, in favor of natural gas by 2030. A similar policy is being pursued by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, although they do not specify any specific deadlines. At the same time, natural gas is transported in two ways — using a pipeline and in liquefied form. The main advantage of the second method is that after liquefaction, the gas can be delivered to any point of the planet where there is a demand for it. Currently, the growth rate of the liquefied natural gas market is such that in 15–20 years it will not only catch up with the pipeline market, but also surpass it The paper identifies the key producers and exporters of liquefied natural gas, as well as assesses their potential opportunities in terms of increasing the volume of natural gas production and LNG production. The analysis showed that at the beginning of 2021, the main LNG exporters are Australia, Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, Nigeria, Russia and the United States. At the same time, Qatar, Russia and the United States have real opportunities to increase export volumes. Australia is also able to increase production volumes, as it has reserves and spare production capacity, but due to the significantly increased domestic demand for LNG, it is likely that it will not be able to do this in the near future.

scholarly journals Reducing Pollution Levels Generated by Short Sea Shipping. Use of Bayesian Networks to Analyse the Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Beatriz Molina Serrano ◽  
Nicoleta González Cancelas ◽  
Francisco Soler Flores
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Sea Shipping ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Pollution adjacent to the continent's shores has increased in the last decades, so it has been necessary to establish an energy policy to improve environmental conditions. One of the proposed solution was the search of alternative fuels to the commonly used in Short Sea Shipping to reduce pollution levels in Europe. Studies and researches show that liquefied natural gas could meet the European Union environmental requirements. Even environmental benefits are important; currently there is not significant number of vessels using it as fuel. Moreover, main target of this article is exposing result of a research in which a methodology to establish the most relevant variables in the decision to implement liquefied natural gas in Short Sea Shipping has been development using data mining. A Bayesian network was constructed because this kind of network allows to get graphically the relationships between variables and to determine posteriori values that quantify their contributions to decision-making. Bayesian model has been done using data from some European countries (European Union, Norway and Iceland) and database was generated by 35 variables classified in 5 categories. Main obtained conclusion in this analysis is that variables of transport and international trade and economy and finance are the most relevant in the decision-making process when implementing liquefied natural gas. Even more, it can be stablish that capacity of liquefied natural gas regasification terminals under construction and modal distribution of water cargo transportation continental as the most decisive variables because they are the root nodes in the obtained network.

scholarly journals PRICING IN THE NATURAL GAS MARKET OF UKRAINE IN TERMS OF ENERGY INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
I.A. Vakulenko ◽  
T.A. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bilateral Monopoly ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Energy Community

The article examines the formation of natural gas prices in the Ukrainian and world energy markets. The role of energy as a driver of economic development of national and international economy due to the penetration of energy into other sectors of the economy and the formation of close relationships that promote mutual development, innovation, and competitive environment. The paper identifies the legal framework through which the natural gas market regulation in the European Union (in particular directives of the European Parliament and of the Council and guidance note on directives) and Ukraine and legislates the vector of development of the energy sector following strategic economic and environmental goals (in particular Treaty establishing the Energy Community, Association Agreement between Ukraine, of the one part, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the other part, and laws of Ukraine). Based on the analysis of natural gas prices in the world energy market, the attractiveness of using natural gas as a substitute for energy products of oil refining is substantiated. To identify the pricing mechanisms used to form natural gas prices in the natural gas market in Ukraine pricing approaches used in different countries of the world are defined and described, in particular, gason-gas competition (GOG)), oil price escalation (OPE), regulated prices (including regulation: cost of service (RCS)), regulation: social and political (RSP), regulation below cost (RBC), bilateral monopoly (BIM)), free use of natural gas (No price (NP)). Based on the study of natural gas price formation mechanisms, it is established that at the present stage of development of Ukraine's energy sector is characterized by the transition from a regulated pricing mechanism in the natural gas market to gas and gas competitive prices. However, the transition phase is characterized by the partial use of the mechanism of bilateral monopoly prices. Simultaneously, it was determined that the formation of costs according to the oil formula is not typical for Ukraine's natural gas market.

scholarly journals The Three Seas Initiative and its Economic and Geopolitical Effect on the European Union and Central and Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zbińkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Eu

The objective of this paper is a presentation of results of an analysis of the Three Seas Initiative (TSI), whose participating countries (except Austria) treat it as a method of: a) reducing their dependence on crude oil and natural gas imports from Russia, thus increasing their energy security; b) accelerated filling of the persisting civilisation gap between the initiative participants and more developed EU countries owing to the improved quality and maturity of the transport and digital North‑South infrastructure; and c) the actual implementation of the “vision of a Europe whole, free and at peace.” The analysis has assumed the following research hypothesis: The CEE states’ joining the EU has not markedly changed those states’ development, as material differences do still exist in this respect between the new EU states and the old ones, which was verified positively.

New conditions of competition in the European gas market

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
PETER ILIEV PETROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

This article aims to discuss the process of liberalization of the natural gas market in the European Union (EU). The purpose of this research is to show the fundamental characteristics of the gas industry, the process of reconstruction of the European gas market, taking into account the ongoing changes in the context of geopolitical, ecological, and technological determinants of the international and European energy and gas sector. The article describes the structure of the modern European natural gas market, compares the competitiveness of gas transportation methods through trunk pipelines and gas tankers transporting liquefied natural gas. The article examines the impact of the increase in the supply of liquefied natural gas on the situation with the turnover of gas trade in the European market, in particular, how it affects the delivery of hydrocarbons and the growth in the scale of exchange trading. The article examines the Groningen model, which influences the development of gas exchange trading and natural gas trading through long-term contracts. The evolution of the European policy in the field of natural gas, the established strictly regulated version of the “well-functioning” gas market, remains as one too political and unstable experiment. The importance of natural gas changes all the time, depending on economics, the security of deliveries, and sustainability. Furthermore, the focus on that importance and its practical application vary in different parts of Europe. The conclusion is made that a “well-functioning” gas market is characterized by the presence of a large number of suppliers, and competition leads to a noticeable decrease in prices for natural gas. However, in the current situation, the demand for gas turns out to be unstable, and difficult conditions for pipeline supplies are emerging for traditional suppliers. In the long term, the “well- functioning” gas market scheme will remain highly politicized and unstable, with increased competition in supply and a downward trend in gas prices. Thus, the European gas market is transforming towards the formation of a “buyer’s market”.

scholarly journals Admission of Turkey into the European Union: “Does Religion Matter?”

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Aryal ◽  
Adithyan Nair ◽  
Gaurav Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Eu

With the rising fear of Islamisation in Europe and increasing Islamist sentiment in Turkey, the issue of religion in the context of integration of Turkey into the European Union remains relevant. After a long-lasted wait and continuous negotiations, Turkey seems to be moving further away from getting accepted in the EU. The research focuses on the religious factor in this unrelenting friction between the two regions / entities and answers the question as to why the EU and Turkey should consider religion as one of the variables in the European integration. The analysis is done with the use of primary and secondary sources with special focus on Samuel Huntingtons realism-inspired work Clash of the Civilization. Turkish sources were used for better understanding the dynamics of Turkey. In terms of methodological approach the research is done with using the content analysis and contemporary observation of socio-political scenario and behavioral changes that the EU and Turkey going through. The authors conclude that there is no proper mechanism to consider religion as a variable, but psychologically it is still playing a major role in both the EU and Turkey. The authors believe that the EU and Turkey should discuss the religious dimension of integration while talking other dynamics.

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