scholarly journals Ogilvie syndrome in a COVID-19 patient with pneumonia, absolute tachyarrhythmia and heart failure: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Zoran Matković ◽  
Nataša Đekić-Matković
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Ogilvie Syndrome

The COVID-19 pandemic has recently spread worldwide presenting primarily in form of pneumonia. Gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain are less common than respiratory symptoms. However, critically ill patients may develop digestive complications including acute pseudo-obstruction of colon-Ogilvie syndrome. Gastrointestinal symptoms can manifest before the onset of typical respiratory symptoms. Common mucosal immune response underly both-pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations (high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors). This article described a 75-year old female patient who arise Ogilvie syndrome during viral bilateral pneumonia induced by COVID-19. Patient also had an absolute tachyarrhythmia and hearth failure. Diameter of caecum, ascending and transverse colon was 12 to 14 cm. The walls of this segment of large bowel were deserosed, with threatening perforation. Right colectomy was performed. Nine days after the surgery, despite all therapeutic measures taken, there was a fatal outcome due to pulmonary thromboembolisation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestation presenting as acute surgical like abdomen

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Krishna Ramavath ◽  
Siddharth S. Rao ◽  
Nyna Sindhu ◽  
Tushar Parmeshwar ◽  
Pranay Palle
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Manifestation

COVID-19 disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which can cause respiratory symptoms more. It can cause gastrointestinal symptoms also due to this RNA virus protein binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which are abundantly present in stomach, small intestine, large intestine and liver. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 disease can present as acute surgical abdomen which can create diagnostic dilemma. We presented a case of COVID-19 disease, admitted in our hospital. Later he had symptoms of acute surgical abdomen symptoms like sudden onset abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and loose stool without blood. He was properly evaluated and conservatively managed. The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 disease can present as acute surgical abdomen. So, these patients properly evaluated and then only surgical plan will be made according pathology.

scholarly journals Differential Virological and Immunological Outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Susceptible and Resistant Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 5451-5465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Yoshikawa ◽  
Tomoki Yoshikawa ◽  
Terence Hill ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Douglas M. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT We previously reported that transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), were highly susceptible to SARS-CoV infection, which resulted in the development of disease of various severity and even death in some lineages. In this study, we further characterized and compared the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV infection in two of the most stable Tg lineages, AC70 and AC22, representing those susceptible and resistant to the lethal SARS-CoV infection, respectively. The kinetics of virus replication and the inflammatory responses within the lungs and brains, as well as the clinical and pathological outcomes, were assessed in each lineage. In addition, we generated information on lymphocyte subsets and mitogen-mediated proliferation of splenocytes. We found that while both lineages were permissive to SARS-CoV infection, causing elevated secretion of many inflammatory mediators within the lungs and brains, viral infection appeared to be more intense in AC70 than in AC22 mice, especially in the brain. Moreover, such infection was accompanied by a more profound immune suppression in the former, as evidenced by the extensive loss of T cells, compromised responses to concanavalin A stimulation, and absence of inflammatory infiltrates within the brain. We also found that CD8+ T cells were partially effective in attenuating the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV infection in lethality-resistant AC22 mice. Collectively, our data revealed a more intense viral infection and immunosuppression in AC70 mice than in AC22 mice, thereby providing us with an immunopathogenic basis for the fatal outcome of SARS-CoV infection in the AC70 mice.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a double-edged sword in COVID-19 patients with an increased risk of heart failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad ◽  
Zhibing Lu ◽  
Elyaspour Zahra ◽  
Razmkhah Mahboobeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Role of natural drugs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: potential beneficial effects in prevention or prior treatment in elderly and cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Boccalone ◽  
Veronica Maria Lanni ◽  
Valerio Massimo Magro
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Natural Drugs

In 2019, a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), aroused the attention of the entire world. It causes an acute respiratory disease, by involving the same receptor, i.e. the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, as that for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. The clinical symptoms in patients with of SARS-CoV-2 include fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue and in a small percentage of patients also gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported...

scholarly journals Detection of Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Heart Failure

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Epelman ◽  
W.H. Wilson Tang ◽  
Stephen Y. Chen ◽  
Frederick Van Lente ◽  
Gary S. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 overexpression improves central nitric oxide-mediated sympathetic outflow in chronic heart failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. H2402-H2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Xuefei Liu ◽  
Kaushik P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

Angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE)2 in brain regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) controlling cardiovascular function may be involved in the regulation of sympathetic outflow in chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of this study was to determine if ACE2 plays a role in the central regulation of sympathetic outflow by regulating neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) in the PVN. We investigated ACE2 and nNOS expression within the PVN of rats with CHF. We then determined the effects of ACE2 gene transfer in the PVN on the contribution of NO-mediated sympathoinhibition in rats with CHF. The results showed that there were decreased expressions for ACE2, the ANG-(1–7) receptor, and nNOS within the PVN of rats with CHF. After the application of adenovirus vectors encoding ACE2 (AdACE2) into the PVN, the increased expression of ACE2 in the PVN was confirmed by Western blot analysis. AdACE2 transfection significantly increased nNOS protein levels (change of 50 ± 5%) in the PVN of CHF rats. In anesthetized rats, AdACE2 treatment attenuated the responses of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure, and heart rate to the NOS inhibitor N-monomethyl-l-arginine in rats with CHF (RSNA: 28 ± 3% vs. 16 ± 3%, P < 0.05) compared with CHF + AdEGFP group. Furthermore, neuronal NG-108 cells incubated with increasing doses of AdACE2 showed a dose-dependent increase in nNOS protein expression (60% at the highest dose). Taken together, our data highlight the importance of increased expression and subsequent interaction of ACE2 and nNOS within the PVN, leading to a reduction in sympathetic outflow in the CHF condition.

Targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Parajuli ◽  
Tharmarajan Ramprasath ◽  
Vaibhav B. Patel ◽  
Wang Wang ◽  
Brendan Putko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mas Receptor

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a monocarboxypeptidase that metabolizes several vasoactive peptides, including angiotensin II (Ang-II; a vasoconstrictive/proliferative peptide), which it converts to Ang-(1–7). Ang-(1–7) acts through the Mas receptor to mediate vasodilatory/antiproliferative actions. The renin–angiotensin system involving the ACE–Ang-II–Ang-II type-1 receptor (AT1R) axis is antagonized by the ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas receptor axis. Loss of ACE2 enhances adverse remodeling and susceptibility to pressure and volume overload. Human recombinant ACE2 may act to suppress myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and diastolic dysfunction in heart failure patients. The ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas axis may present a new therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure patients. This review is mainly focused on the analysis of ACE2, including its influence and potentially positive effects, as well as the potential use of human recombinant ACE2 as a novel therapy for the treatment cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure.

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