scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and trends of birth movements in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Snežana Radovanović ◽  
Milena Maričić ◽  
Slađana Radivojević ◽  
Predrag Stanojlović ◽  
Divna Simović-Šiljković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
General Fertility Rate ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction/Aim: In recent decades, declines in fertility rates have been reported in almost every country in the world. The aim of the research is the analysis of epidemiological characteristics and childbirth trends in Serbia in the period 2007-2016. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study. The research data were collected from the Health Statistical Yearbooks of the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut" in the period 2007-2016. Total fertility rates, stillbirth rates, birth rates, infant mortality rates, and preterm birth rates were used for the analysis of data, while the linear trend and regression analysis were used to analyze the trend. Results: Average rate of general fertility in Serbia in the period 2007-2016 was 1.5 children per woman. In the period 2007-2016, 660,069 births were registered in Serbia with a total of 671,715 children born, of which 4,054 were stillborn (0.6%). Two thirds (66.1%) of stillborn children were born prematurely. The number of premature births increased with maternal age. Of 667,661 live births in maternity hospitals, 924 newborns died (0.1%). In the observed period, a continuous trend of decreasing number of births was registered (y = 68,427-439.99x, R2 = 0.628), as well as the number of live births (y = 69,084-421.44x, R2 = 0.591). The trend of still birth rates showed a slight decrease (y = 6,138-0,012x, R2 = 0,016), as well as the trend of infant mortality rates (y = 1,882-50,091x, R2 = 0,683), but there came to an increase in the trend of the general fertility rate (y = 39.481 + 0.242x, R2 = 0.544). The average general fertility rate for the ten-year period was 41.1 live births per 1000 women of the fertile period and ranged from 38.2‰ to 41.7‰. The largest increase in the fertility rate was registered in the age group 40-44 years from 3.8‰ in 2007 to 9.9‰ in 2016 (2.6 times more), and then in the age group 30-39 years with 43.2‰ in 2007 to 63.0 ‰ in 2016 (1.4 times more). There came to a decline in the fertility rate at the age of 20-29 from 80.4‰ in 2007 to 72.2 ‰ in 2016. The highest rates of stillbirth were registered in the oldest group of 45-49 years (23.3 ‰), and the lowest in persons younger than 15 years (0.7‰). Conclusion: Birth revitalization policies must engage all levels of society to build awareness and moral responsibility for fertility.

Infant Mortality Among Singletons and Twins in Japan During 1999–2008 on the Basis of Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Kazuo Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births

The infant mortality rate (IMR) among single and twin births from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed using Japanese Vital Statistics. The IMR was 5.3-fold higher in twins than in singletons in 1999 and decreased to 3.9-fold in 2008. The reduced risk of infant mortality in twins relative to singletons may be related, partially, to survival rates, which improved after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin — twin transfusion syndrome. The proportion of neonatal deaths among total infant deaths was 54% for singletons and 74% for twins. Thus, intensive care of single and twin births may be very important during the first month of life to reduce the IMR. The IMR decreased as gestational age (GA) rose in singletons, whereas the IMR in twins decreased as GA rose until 37 weeks and increased thereafter. The IMR was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the shortest GA (<24 weeks) to 28 weeks as well as ≥38 weeks, whereas the IMR was significantly higher in singletons than in twins from 30 to 36 weeks. As for maternal age, the early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates as well as the IMR in singletons were significantly higher in the youngest maternal age group than in the oldest one, whereas the opposite result was obtained in twins. The lowest IMR in singletons was 1.1 per 1,000 live births for ≥38 weeks of gestation and heaviest birth weight (≥2,000 g), while the lowest IMR in twins was 1.8 at 37 weeks and ≥2,000 g.

scholarly journals Demographic situation in Eritrea

1996 ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Gebremariam Woldemicael
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Demographic Indicators

This paper gives estimates of the following demographic indicators for Eritrea: population size, annual growth rate, age and sex composition, fertility, infant, and child mortality. Brief background sections place the demographic characteristics in a broader perspective. The data used in the analysis of fertility and mortality are taken from sample surveys conducted after independence. Other figures are obtained from government and non-government reports. Indirect techniques were employed to analyze the fertility and mortality rates. Results indicate that the total population of Eritrea in 1993 was roughly 3.5 million. The average annual rate of population growth is found to be about 3% . Children fourteen years old or younger are estimated to be about 46% of the total population. Only 4% of Eritreans are 65 years of age or older. The findings also reveal that fertility rates in Eritrea are high. Women have on average about 7.0 children. The findings further indicate an infant mortality of 112 and an under-five mortality of 208 deaths per 1,000 live births. Given the poor socioeconomic situation of the country, these rates, especially the infant mortality rate, are considered to be underestimates. Further research is therefore needed to ascertain the prevailing situation of Eritrea.

scholarly journals Health capabilities and the determinants of infant mortality in Brazil, 2004–2015: an innovative methodological framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bugelli ◽  
Roxane Borgès Da Silva ◽  
Ladislau Dowbor ◽  
Claude Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Despite the implementation of a set of social and health policies, Brazil has experienced a slowdown in the decline of infant mortality, regional disparities and persistent high death levels, raising questions about the determinants of infant mortality after the implementation of these policies. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach aiming at identifying the determinants of infant mortality in Brazil after the implementation of those policies. Method A series of multilevel panel data with fixed effect nested within-clusters were conducted supported by the concept of health capabilities based on data from 26 Brazilian states between 2004 and 2015. The dependent variables were the neonatal, the infant and the under-five mortality rates. The independent variables were the employment rate, per capita income, Bolsa Família Program coverage, the fertility rate, educational attainment, the number of live births by prenatal visits, the number of health professionals per thousand inhabitants, and the access to water supply and sewage services. We also used different time lags of employment rate to identify the impact of employment on the infant mortality rates over time, and household income stratified by minimum wages to analyze their effects on these rates. Results The results showed that in addition to variables associated with infant mortality in previous studies, such as Bolsa Família Program, per capita income and fertility rate, other factors affect child mortality. Educational attainment, quality of prenatal care and access to health professionals are also elements impacting infant deaths. The results also identified an association between employment rate and different infant mortality rates, with employment impacting neonatal mortality up to 3 years and that a family income below 2 minimum wages increases the odds of infant deaths. Conclusion The results proved that the methodology proposed allowed the use of variables based on aggregated data that could hardly be used by other methodologies.

Demographic echoes of the maternity data in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Marasovic Šušnjara
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Background The demographic situation in the Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) is characterized by negative trends in the new millennium. Such a demographic picture entails many societal challenges. Considering the far-reaching consequences of population decline, the goal is to show what maternity data have been like in the SDC in the last decade. Methods Individual birth reports from health institutions in the SDC were used in the presentation of the maternity data. Demographic indicators were calculated based on data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Results In 2018, in the SDC were reported 4,438 deliveries (13% less vs 2009; 5,103 deliveries) with a total of 4,577 children delivered, whereof 4,561 were live births and 16 were stillbirths. From a total of 4,516 live births, 13 live-born neonates died during the first week of their life. Most of women in labor (89%) were residents of the SDC. The average age of the new mothers was 28.9 years (in 2009; 26.9 years). Childbirth was most frequently recorded in the maternal age group 30 -34 (1,556 deliveries, i.e. 110,9/1,000 women of said age group; 92/1,000 in 2009). Among childbearing women with known data on earlier deliveries (4,431), 2,029 or 45.8% had their first deliveries, 1,549 or 35% had their second deliveries, 808 or 18% had their third or higher birth order deliveries. According to an estimate in 2018, 448,071 people lived in the SDC, less 1.5% from the last census (2011). The live birth rate was 9.5 /1,000 in 2018 (2009; 10.9/1,000). The total fertility rate was 1.53 in 2018 (2009; 1.6). The natural increase rate in 2018 was negative at -1.8 (-830 persons) (2009; 0.5 (250 persons)). Conclusions Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia, which requires adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture. Key messages Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia. Adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture are needed.

Risk of Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Twins and Singletons by Gestational Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Yang Chen ◽  
Suneet P. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Risk Ratios

Objective To compare neonatal and infant mortality rates stratified by gestational age (GA) between singletons and twins and examine the three leading causes of death among them. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. vital statistics datasets. The study was restricted to nonanomalous live births at 24 to 40 weeks delivered in 2005 to 2014. We used multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance to examine the association between birth plurality (singleton vs. twin) and mortality outcomes within each GA, while adjusting for confounders. The results were presented as adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 26,292,747 live births, 96.6% were singletons and 3.4% were twins. At 29 to 36 weeks of GA, compared with singletons, twins had a lower risk of neonatal mortality (aRR: 0.37–0.78) and infant mortality (aRR: 0.54–0.86). When examined by GA, the three leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality varied between singletons and twins. Conclusion When stratified by GA, the risk of neonatal and infant mortality was lower at 29 to 36 weeks in twins than in singletons, though the cause of death varied.

IMPROVED INFANT MORTALITY RATES IN A POPULATION SERVED BY A COMPREHENSIVE NEIGHBORHOOD HEALTH PROGRAM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Community Health Program ◽  
The Impact

The Denver Department of Health and Hospitals developed from multiple federal grants (M and I, C and Y, OEO, PHS, and Family Planning) a comprehensive community health program for the low income population of Denver. To measure the impact of this program, infant mortality rates were reviewed in the low income and nonwhite populations. Infant mortality in 25 selected low income census tracts in Denver was 34.2 per thousand live births in 1964. This decreased to 24.5 by 1968. Infant mortality of nonwhites in Denver was 41.9 in 1964 and decreased to 25.2 by 1968. This decrease in infant mortality rates in both of these populations compares very favorably with such data from other cities.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1993

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Older Mothers

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached again in 1993, at 828.8 deaths per 100 000 live births, a decline of 2% from 848.7 in 1992. Births, marriages, and divorces were all lower, both in number and rate. Deaths and the death rate, however, both increased and, more significantly, the age-adjusted death rate increased. A likely explanation is the occurrence of influenza epidemics in early and late 1993. The rate of natural increase declined 8%, to a level of 6.9 per 1000 population. Final figures on births for 1992 indicate that, for the first time in many years, birth rates to teen-agers declined, more among black mothers than white. Increase in birth rate among older mothers continued at a somewhat slower rate than recently; older mothers tended to be better educated than the general population in their age groups. Total fertility rates were higher among mothers of Hispanic origin than among non-Hispanic blacks who, in turn, had higher rates than non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics the highest rates were in those of Mexican origin. Unlike recent years, birth rates to unmarried mothers did not increase in 1992. Prenatal care coverage improved, with more mothers seeking care early and fewer receiving late or no care. Electronic and fetal monitoring was performed on more than three-quarters of all births and ultrasound on more than half. Life expectancy decreased slightly, in contrast to recent years. Among major causes of death, increases were recorded in 1993 for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia and influenza, and HIV infection, the latter having the largest percentage increase. Internationally, infant mortality rates in most other industrialized countries declined further in 1992. Comparatively, as in 1991, 21 other countries had infant mortality rates lower than the United States.

scholarly journals A new record linkage for assessing infant mortality rates in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deshayne B. Fell ◽  
Alison L. Park ◽  
Ann E. Sprague ◽  
Nehal Islam ◽  
Joel G. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Birth Records

Abstract Objective Infant mortality statistics for Canada have routinely omitted Ontario—Canada’s most populous province—as a high proportion of Vital Statistics infant death registrations could not be linked with their corresponding Vital Statistics live birth registrations. We assessed the feasibility of linking an alternative source of live birth information with infant death registrations. Methods All infant deaths occurring before 365 days of age registered in Ontario’s Vital Statistics in 2010–2011 were linked with birth records in the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospitalization database. Crude birthweight-specific and gestational age-specific infant mortality rates were calculated, and rates examined according to maternal and infant characteristics. Results Of 1311 infant death registrations, only 47 (3.6%) could not be linked to a hospital birth record. The overall crude infant mortality rate was 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI, 4.4 to 4.9), the same as previously reported for the rest of Canada in 2011. Infant mortality was higher in women < 20 years (5.8 per 1000 live births) and ≥ 40 years (5.9 per 1000 live births), and lowest among those aged 25–29 years (3.9 per 1000 live births). Infant mortality was notably higher in the lowest (5.1 per 1000 live births) residential income quintile than the highest (3.4 per 1000 live births). Conclusion Use of birth hospitalization records resulted in near-complete linkage of all Vital Statistics infant death registrations. This approach could enhance the conduct of representative surveillance and research on infant mortality when direct linkage of live birth and infant death registrations is not achievable.

scholarly journals Trends in Infant Mortality and Stillbirth Rates in Scotland by Socio-Economic Position, 2000-2018: A Longitudinal Ecological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Harpur ◽  
Jon Minton ◽  
Julie Ramsay ◽  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Abstract Background:As Scotland strives to become a country where children flourish in their early years, it is faced with the challenge of socio-economic health inequalities, which are at risk of worsening amidst austerity policies. The aim of this study was to explore trends in infant mortality rates (IMR) and stillbirth rates by socio-economic position (SEP) in Scotland, between 2000-2018, inclusive.Methods:Data for live births, infant deaths, and stillbirths between 2000-2018 were obtained from National Records of Scotland. Annual IMR and stillbirth rates were calculated and visualised for all of Scotland and when stratified by SEP. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between SEP and infant mortality and stillbirth events, and to assess for break points in trends over time. The slope (SII) and relative (RII) index of inequality compared absolute and relative socio-economic inequalities in IMR and stillbirth rates before and after 2010.Results:IMR fell from 5.7 to 3.2 deaths per 1000 live births between 2000-2018, with no change in trend identified. Stillbirth rates were relatively static between 2000-2008 but experienced accelerated reduction from 2009 onwards. When stratified by SEP, inequalities in IMR and stillbirth rates persisted throughout the study and were greatest amongst the sub-group of post-neonates. Although comparison of the SII and RII in IMR and stillbirths before and after 2010 suggested that inequalities remained stable, descriptive trends in mortality rates displayed a 3-year rise in the most deprived quintiles from 2015 onwards.Conclusion:Whilst Scotland has experienced downward trends in IMR and stillbirth rates between 2000-2018, the persistence of socio-economic inequalities and suggestion that mortality rates amongst the most deprived groups may be worsening warrants further action to improve maternal health and strengthen support for families with young children.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of under-five mortality in rural Agra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3108
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Live Births

Background: One of the most important indicator or index of socio-economic development of a country or region is infant mortality rate. The present study was undertaken to assess the quantum of childhood mortality and to find out the social factors associated with these deaths by verbal autopsies. Methods: This one year cross-sectional study was undertaken in a purposively selected community Development Block Sainyan, district Agra among children aged between 0-5 years using multistage random sampling technique. Suitable statistical methods were applied. Results: Out of total 8355 families surveyed, a total of 185 deaths were reported among children. Number of deaths was higher among those belonging to nuclear family and lower socioeconomic status. The neonatal mortality rate was estimated to be 33.55/1000 live births. The post neonatal mortality rate was found to be 40.78/1000 live births and infant mortality rate was 74.33/1000 live births. Mortality rate in 1-5 year age group children was 10.6/1000 same age group children, while 0-5 yrs. mortality was estimated to be 22.39/1000 children of same age group. Out of 185 children who died, 52.7% were unimmunized and another 35.67% were partially immunized. Conclusions: Female education and socioeconomic well-being should be strengthened. 

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