The use of glowing wood as a source of luminescent culture of fungus mycelium

Abstract Bis-amidoxime-based claw-like-functionalized marine fungus material (ZZF51-GPTS-DCDA-AM) was prepared for study to absorb the low concentration uranium (VI) from aqueous solution. A series of characterization methods such as SEM, TGA and FT-IR were applied for the functionalized materials before and after modification and adsorption. The experimental results suggested that the amidoxime groups were successfully grafted onto the surface of mycelium powder and provided the special binding sites for the absorption of uranium (VI). In the absorption research, uranium (VI) initial concentration, pH and equilibrium time were optimized as 40 mg L−1, 6.0, and 110 min by L43 orthogonal experiment, respectively, and the maximum absorption capacity of the prepared material was 370.85 mg g−1 under the optimum batch conditions. After five cycling process, the desorption rate and regeneration efficiency of the modified mycelium were found to be 80.29 % and 94.51 %, respectively, which indicated that the material had an adequately high reusability property as a cleanup tool. The well known Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption model fitting found that the modified materials had both monolayer and bilayer adsorption to uranium (VI) ions. Simultaneously, the pseudo-second-order model was better to illustrated the adsorption kinetics process. The enhanced adsorption capacity of uranium (VI) by the modified fungus materials over raw biomass was mainly owing to the strong chelation of amidoxime groups and uranium (VI) ions.

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Viability of ectomycorrhizal fungus mycelium entrapped in calcium alginate gel

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s005720050243 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 263-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luciana da Silva Rodrigues ◽

Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya ◽

Arnaldo Chaer Borges

Keyword(s):

Calcium Alginate ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Alginate Gel ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

Calcium Alginate Gel

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Fluid Flow in Cotton Textile: Effects of Wollastonite Nanosuspension and Aspergillus Niger Fungus

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7120901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 901 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayoub Esmailpour ◽

Hamid R. Taghiyari ◽

Reza Majidi Najafabadi ◽

Amin Kalantari ◽

Antonios N. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Food Industry ◽

Cotton Fibers ◽

Cotton Textile ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Works Of Art ◽

Cotton Textiles ◽

Fungus Mycelium

Aspergillus niger is a common contaminant in food industry, laboratories, and also a potential threat to biological works of art in museums. Cotton textiles have frequently been used in museums for canvas paintings. In the present project, the effect of Aspergillus niger on fluid flow rate of nanowollastonite-impregnated cotton textile specimens was investigated. Cotton specimens were impregnated with nanowollastonite (NW) suspension at four concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to be further compared with control specimens. Results showed that fluid flow in cotton textile was as high as 361.3 cm3·s−1 due to its high porous structure and very low compactness of fibers (low density). Impregnation with NW did not have a significant effect on fluid flow in cotton textile. Exposure to Aspergillus niger increased fluid flow in control specimens as a result of deterioration of cotton fibers. Exposure of NW-impregnated specimens at concentrations more than 20% to Aspergillus niger did not have any significant effect on fluid flow. In control specimens, fungus mycelium penetrated deep into the texture of textile. However, in NW-impregnated specimens, the fungus could not penetrate into the texture and deteriorate the specimens. It was concluded that NW can be recommended for textile industry and also works of art as they protect cotton textiles against Aspergillus niger while, do not diminishi its dying and paintability properties.

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Special aspects of plum clasterosporiosis development in Krasnodar Krai

Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie ◽

10.35547/im.2020.82.61.011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 350-354

Author(s):

Ирина Григорьевна Мищенко

Keyword(s):

Infectious Agent ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Production ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Krasnodar Krai ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

Plum Variety ◽

First Time

В статье приведены результаты исследований развития клястероспориоза (возбудитель Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, син. Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lév.) Aderh.) на сливе в Краснодарском крае в изменяющихся погодно-климатических условиях. В последнее десятилетие у возбудителя болезни выявлены изменения в биологии развития, что связано с участившимися экстремальными погодными условиями (количество температурных максимумов выше +30ºС, рост годового количества осадков - 100-300% нормы). Целью работы являлось выявление особенностей развития клястероспориоза сливы в Краснодарском крае в изменяющихся погодных условиях для оптимизации технологии защитных мероприятий. Исследования проводили в 2014-2019 гг. в центральной подзоне Прикубанской зоны Краснодарского края: ЗАО ОПХ «Центральное»; агробиологический стационар ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказского федерального научного центра садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия» на сорте сливы Кабардинская ранняя. При выполнении работы использованы общепринятые и адаптированные методики. В результате изучения развития возбудителя клястероспориоза сливы впервые в крае был выявлен ряд параметров степени взаимосвязи развития патогена и погодных условий: более раннее заражение листьев - на 7-10 суток раньше; высокая первоначальная скорость развития болезни; сокращение продолжительности инкубационного периода на 2-3 суток. Выявлена оптимальная температура для роста мицелия гриба - +20…+24°С и температура, при которой происходит инфицирование +20…+26°С, при влажности воздуха 70-90 %. Определена температура, при которой отмечаются первые признаки болезни: при эпифитотии - +10-12°С, при умеренном распространении - +9-10°С. Результаты исследований позволят разработать практические подходы к усовершенствованию технологии защиты сливы от клястероспориоза. The article presents the results of studies of clasterosporiosis development (the infectious agent Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, syn. Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lév.) Aderh.) on a plum in Krasnodar Krai in varied weather and climatic conditions. In the last decade, changes in the development biology were revealed in the pathogen of disease, which is associated with more frequent extreme weather conditions (the number of temperature peaks above +30 ºС, an increase in annual precipitation - 100-300% of the standard). The aim of work was to identify special aspects of plum clasterosporiosis development in Krasnodar Krai in changing weather conditions to optimize the technology of protective measures. The research was carried out in 2014-2019 in the central subzone of the Krasnodar Krai Kuban zone: ZAO experimental production farm "Tsentralnoye"; agrobiological station of the FSBSI North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, on plum variety ‘Kabardinskaya Rannyaya’. Generally accepted and adapted techniques were used in the process of work. As a result of studying the development of plum clasterosporiosis infectant, a range of parameters of the degree of interrelation between the development of the pathogen and weather conditions was identified in the region for the first time: 7-10 days earlier infection of leaves; high initial rate of disease development; 2-3 days of incubation period reduction. The optimum temperature for the growth of the fungus mycelium was revealed - +20...+24°С, and the temperature at which the infection occurs - +20...+26°С, with an air humidity of 70-90%. We determined the temperature of first symptoms of disease - with epiphytotics - +10...+12°С, with moderate spread - + 9...+10°С. The research results will make it possible to develop practical approaches to improving the technology of protecting plums from clasterosporiosis.

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The in vitro effects of benomyl on disease tolerance, ectomycorrhiza formation, and growth of white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b90-057 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 444-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽

Bryce Kendrick

Keyword(s):

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Pinus Strobus ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽

White Pine ◽

Disease Tolerance ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Fungal Competition

The influence of benomyl (methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) on disease tolerance, growth, and mycorrhization of aseptically grown white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings was assayed using the growth pouch technique. Six-day-old seedlings were inoculated concurrently with plugs of a pathogenic fungus Mycelium radicis atrovirens and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. Treatment with benomyl (100 ppm) reduced the pathogenic effects of M. radicis atrovirens, enhanced mycorrhization, and improved both shoot and overall seedling growth. The fungicidal activity of benomyl and improved mycorrhization by L. bicolor may both have influenced the pathogenicity of M. radicis atrovirens. A reduction in fungal competition within the seedling rhizosphere may improve the access of L. bicolor to potential colonization sites.

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Fungal protein for food and feeds. VII. Caloric values of fungus mycelium

Economic Botany ◽

10.1007/bf02863158 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 341-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William D. Gray ◽

Ian A. Staff

Keyword(s):

Fungal Protein ◽

Fungus Mycelium

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In vitro effect of four fungicides on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnosis on the Red Globe grape variety

Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales ◽

10.18257/raccefyn.1139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (172) ◽

pp. 747-758

Author(s):

Silvia Patricia López-Zapata ◽

Jairo Castaño-Zapata

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Grape Variety ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

Vitro Effect

Anthracnose is considered one of the most important diseases of grape crops. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect on potato dextrose agar (PDA) of four fungicides: benomyl (Benlate® 50 WP), carbendazim (Belico ® 500 SC), chlorothalonil (Odeon® 720 SC), and dodine (Syllit ® 400 SC) using three concentrations on a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate. This species complex causes anthracnose on the Red Globe grape variety. The concentrations of each fungicide were: benomyl at 0.5, 0.25, and 1 g.L-1; carbendazim at 0.6, 0.3, and 1.2 mL.L-1; chlorothalonil at 2.4, 1.2, and 4.8 mL.L-1, and dodine at 1.6, 0.8, and 3.2 mL.L-1. Evaluated the inhibition of mycelial growth and the sporulation of the fungus. The fungus mycelium exposed to the commercial dose of the fungicides was observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). We used a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and five repetitions. Our results showed a degree of differential efficacy for the four fungicides and their effects were directly proportional to the dose used, benomyl and chlorothalonil being the most efficient in controlling the mycelial growth of the fungus. At the commercial dose, sporulation was inhibited at a higher rate by benomyl showing no statistically significant differences with the other products except chlorothalonil and dodine when the recommended dose was reduced by half. The damage observed by ESEM on the fungus mycelium ratified the effect obtained in vitro, i.e., deformed hyphae and irregular growth. The results of this study, complemented by electron microscopy, are promising for the appropriate selection of the best fungicides for controlling anthracnose on grape fruits, subject to the timely and correct diagnosis of the disease.

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Selection and Characterization of Resistance in Mango Embryogenic Cultures to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Phytotoxin

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.695d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 695d-695

Author(s):

Jayasankar Subramanian ◽

Richard E Litz ◽

Raymond J. Schnell

Keyword(s):

Rapd Markers ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Extracellular Production ◽

Selected Lines ◽

Embryogenic Cultures ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Dual Cultures ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Fungus Mycelium

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is the most serious production and postharvest problem of mango. Most mango cultivars are highly susceptible to this disease. Embryogenic nucellar cultures of two cultivars, `Hindi' and `Carabao', were recurrently selected with either the purified phytotoxin or the crude culture filtrate produced by the fungus. Mycelium growth was suppressed in dual cultures involving the recurrently selected lines. Enhanced extracellular production of proteins was observed in the embryogenic cultures and in regenerants, including a newly expressed acidic chitinase isozyme (`Hindi') and greater expression of two other chitinase isozymes (`Hindi' and `Carabao'). Activity of α-1,3-glucanase was also substantially increased in the recurrently selected lines. Resistant lines were characterized using RAPDs on the basis of polymorphisms generated by eight different primers. In most cases, the differences involved the absence of RAPD markers in resistant lines.

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Induction of pigmentation of Thielaviopsis basicola and other fungi by a bacterium isolated from soil

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b70-273 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1879-1886 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. A. Patrick ◽

Maury Schlifer

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Culture Media ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽

Intimate Contact ◽

Fungus Mycelium ◽

Tobacco Seedlings ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Tobacco Roots

A blue-pigmented bacterium was isolated from soil and as a contaminant in cultures of Thielaviopsis basicola isolated from diseased tobacco roots. When the bacterium, a species of Pseudomonas, was grown in culture in association with T. basicola, a blue pigmentation was observed in the fungus. In addition to pigmentation of hyphae and conidia, other deleterious effects were induced in the fungus, including cytoplasmic granulation, vacuolation, contraction of cellular contents, reduced growth, and subsequent death of the affected cells. Other fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Botrytis convoluta, Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp., were similarly affected. Hyphal pigmentation and other effects were observed only when viable bacteria were growing in intimate contact with the fungus mycelium. The pigment-inducing substance was not secreted into the culture media and was not obtained from lysed bacteria. Pigmentation and the other characteristic effects on T. basicola were not observed when the fungus and bacteria were added to soil. Similarly no significant reduction in severity of black root rot of tobacco seedlings was obtained when the blue bacteria were added to T. basicola infested soil.

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