scholarly journals Predicción de la accidentabilidad en función de los comportamientos arriesgados y agresivos al volan- te: Diferencias según la edad y el género

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herrero-Fernández ◽  
Mireia Oliva-Macías ◽  
Pamela Parada-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Accidentes De Tráfico ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Prediction of accident rate from risky and aggressive behavior behind the wheel: Differences by age and gender. Road accidents are one of the main causes of death in Spain. Risky and aggressive behavior behind the wheel are two of the most relevant predictive variables. This study had three aims: First, the psychometric adaptation of the Driving Survey (DS) in a Spanish sample; second, the analysis of the differences by age and gender in risky and aggressive driving, as well as in the self-perception of the driver and in the accident rate; and third, the analysis of the prediction of the accident rate based on the other variables. The results showed a factorial distribution, similar to the original version, with adequate values of both internal consistency and validity. Men scored higher than women in risky driving, while the youngest drivers scored higher in almost all variables. Finally, it was observed that both risky and aggressive behavior predicted accident rate significantly.Keywords: Risky driving; aggressive driving; accident rate; driving survey.Resumen: Los accidentes de tráfico constituyen una de las principales causas de muerte en España. Los comportamientos arriesgados y agresivos al volante se han perfilado como dos de las variables más relevantes. La presente investigación tuvo tres objetivos. Primero, la adaptación psicométrica del Driving Survey (DS) en una muestra española; segundo, el análisis de las diferencias por edad y género en comportamientos arriesgados y agresivos al volante, así como en la accidentabilidad; y tercero, el análisis de la predicción de la accidentabilidad en base a las anteriores variables. Los resultados mostraron una distribución factorial similar a la versión original, con unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en términos de consistencia interna y de validez. Los hombres puntuaron más alto en aspectos relacionados con conducción arriesgada, mientras que los más jóvenes puntuaron más alto en casi todos los indicadores evaluados. Finalmente, se encontró que tanto los comportamientos arriesgados como los agresivos predecían significativamente la accidentabilidad.Palabras clave: Conducción arriesgada; conducción agresiva; accidentabilidad; encuesta de conducción.

scholarly journals The frequency and nature of aggressive acts on Australian roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Amanda Stephens ◽  
Michael Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
And Gender

To understand the current prevalence of aggressive acts on Australian roads, a large cross-sectional survey was conducted inviting drivers from all Australian jurisdictions to participate. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age and gender distributions were representative of each jurisdiction. Participants were asked to report the frequency of aggressive driving behaviours as well as speeding, drink-driving and mobile phone usage while driving. Recent crash history was also obtained. The sample consisted of 2,916 drivers (males = 45%) with an average age of 42 (±16) years. Minor aggressive behaviours such as expressing annoyance to other drivers and sounding the horn in anger were reported by the majority of the sample (60% and 70% respectively). More extreme behaviour such as chasing another driver when angry was less common, however still reported by 18% of the overall sample. Aggressive driving behaviours were more common in younger, male drivers with 36% of drivers aged 22 to 39 reporting extreme aggression. Associations were found between aggressive driving with crash involvement and other forms of risky driving behaviour. The results show that aggressive driving is a problem on Australian roads. Further research is warranted to explore where aggressive driving fits within an overall risky driving pattern of behaviour, what attitudes drivers hold toward aggressive driving, and how to target the reduction of these behaviours.

scholarly journals The frequency and nature of aggressive acts on Australian roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Amanda Stephens ◽  
Michael Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
And Gender

To understand the current prevalence of aggressive acts on Australian roads, a large cross-sectional survey was conducted inviting drivers from all Australian jurisdictions to participate. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age and gender distributions were representative of each jurisdiction. Participants were asked to report the frequency of aggressive driving behaviours as well as speeding, drink-driving and mobile phone usage while driving. Recent crash history was also obtained. The sample consisted of 2,916 drivers (males = 45%) with an average age of 42 (±16) years. Minor aggressive behaviours such as expressing annoyance to other drivers and sounding the horn in anger were reported by the majority of the sample (60% and 70% respectively). More extreme behaviour such as chasing another driver when angry was less common, however still reported by 18% of the overall sample. Aggressive driving behaviours were more common in younger, male drivers with 36% of drivers aged 22 to 39 reporting extreme aggression. Associations were found between aggressive driving with crash involvement and other forms of risky driving behaviour. The results show that aggressive driving is a problem on Australian roads. Further research is warranted to explore where aggressive driving fits within an overall risky driving pattern of behaviour, what attitudes drivers hold toward aggressive driving, and how to target the reduction of these behaviours.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

Do we need to consider age and gender for accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction?

Diagnosis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mueller-Hennessen ◽  
Evangelos Giannitsis
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Therapeutic Consequences ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAccording to the universal definition, a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be made in the presence of a kinetic change of cardiac troponin (cTn) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of a healthy population together with clinical signs of myocardial ischemia. Thus, differences in 99th percentile cut-off values may have important diagnostic and therapeutic consequences for the correct AMI diagnosis. Following the introduction of high-sensitivity (hs) cTn assays with the ability to detect cTn in virtually every healthy individual, almost all available hs Tn assays suggest to use solitary 99th percentile cut-offs. However, several findings have questioned the use of a solitary cut-off for AMI diagnosis, as apparent age- and gender-dependent differences were found concerning the 99th percentile cut-off value. Moreover, there is an increasing number of studies which suggest a relevant diagnostic and prognostic benefit, when age- or gender-specific cut-offs values are used in comparison to general cut-offs. In contrast, other studies observed only a small impact on diagnostic reclassification and risk stratification. Given these ambiguous findings, there is currently no clear evidence for the use of age- and/or gender-dependent 99th percentiles. This review gives an overview of the rationale for gender- and age-dependent differences in cTn biomarker findings and discusses the implementation of these findings into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

scholarly journals Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10227
Author(s):  
Petya Ventsislavova ◽  
David Crundall ◽  
Pedro Garcia-Fernandez ◽  
Candida Castro
Keyword(s):  
Older Drivers ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Engage

Young novice drivers are more prone than older drivers to get involved in a risky driving situation. Some young drivers underestimate risk while overestimating their driving abilities, increasing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviour. Age and inexperience both influence risk estimation, though it is not clear which of these variables is more important. Can drivers’ willingness to engage in risky behaviour be assessed in a similar way to hazard perception skill using video-based risky situations? The aim of the current study was to assess whether a video-based tool could measure the willingness to participate in risky driving situations and whether it can distinguish between different types of risky driving scenarios across gender and driver age groups. We also explored the moderating effect of age and gender on drivers’ experience in relation to the risky manoeuvres and participants’ willingness to engage in risky situations. Participants were presented with naturalistic videos from the perspective of the driver that contained active risky situations (result of driver’s own actions) and were asked to make a decision regarding a potential action (to overtake a bus/bicycle or pass through an amber light) and whether they would accelerate at this point. Participants reported that they were more willing to accelerate and overtake cyclists and buses and less willing to pass a light in amber. Young drivers were more willing to both engage in the risky behaviours and accelerate than older drivers, with young males reporting higher scores than the other groups. Gender differences were observed, with males being more prone to overtake and pass through a light in amber than females; however, this difference was not observed for the intention to accelerate. All the above effects remained when we tested the impact of experience on decision making while controlling for age and gender, although driving experience was no longer significant. These results demonstrate that drivers’ intention to assume risk can indeed be measured in a similar video-based methodology to that used by hazard perception tests. The findings raise the possibility of assessing and training drivers on a wider range of safety-related behaviours.

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