scholarly journals Encuesta sobre la independencia de los medios de comunicación social

2015 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Teoría y Realidad Constitucional
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre la independencia de los medios de comunicación, y, especialmente, sobre la necesidad de atender a la libre formación de la opinión pública, el papel que desempeñan los medios en una sociedad democrática, el régimen jurídico que se establece para los medios de comunicación y los problemas a los que se enfrenta el legislador en orden a garantizar la libertad y la expresión del pluralismo social en los procesos de la comunicación.In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the situation of mass media in a democratic system and specifically about the role of public opinión in a democratic State, the role of the media in the development of the public opinión, the legal framework of the media and the problems that the legislator faces in order to guarantee the freedom and the social pluralism expression in the communication processes.

10. The role of media and public opinion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piers Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Media

This chapter examines the relevance of media and public opinion to our understanding of foreign policy and international politics. It first considers whether public opinion influences foreign policy formulation, as argued by the pluralist model, or whether the public are politically impotent, as argued by the elite model. It then explores whether the media can influence foreign policy formulation, as argued by the pluralist model, or whether the media are fundamentally subservient to the foreign policy process, as argued by the elite model. It also integrates these competing arguments with theoretical frames used in the study of international relations: namely, realism, liberalism, and critical approaches (including constructivism and post-structuralism). The chapter concludes by discussing contemporary debates concerning organized persuasive communication and the ‘war on terror’.

scholarly journals The short life of a concept: tourismphobia in the Spanish media. Narratives, actors and agendas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
María Velasco González ◽  
Ernesto Carrillo Barroso
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
Policy Narratives ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
Dominant Narratives

This article forms part of a classic social science debate on the role of the media in the construction of social and political narratives. The object of the paper is to study the rise and fall of the concept of tourismphobia in the Spanish media. The case is analyzed in the light of public policies studies, especially those analyzing agenda-setting, the social construction of the definition of public problems and the struggles of coalitions seeking to impose their public policy narratives in the policy-making process. With this purpose, a database was used that collected more than 11,000 news items over a substantial period of time. Its analysis reveals that media attention rises sharply after active protest actions against tourist saturation and that the term is mostly linked to specific territories and cities and to certain political figures. It also allows us to observe how some political responses to the problem appear more in the media, while others are minimized. The conclusions indicate that the “tourismphobia” neologism was capitalized on – which is often the case with terms that circulate in the public sphere – by various groups attempting to highlight some of its semantic dimensions over others. The study also reveals that the media assume an active position in the construction of discourses in relation to tourism also as a political and not just an economic issue. Furthermore, it shows that the use of the term has greatly declined, either because the problem has become dormant or because it has been reformulated into other terms that are more in line with dominant narratives.

scholarly journals Mujeres deportistas: poca visibilidad y mucho estereotipo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
Alazne Mujika-Alberdi ◽  
Iñaki García-Arrizabalaga ◽  
Juan José Gibaja-Martins
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Pais Vasco ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

En el artículo se analiza la opinión ciudadana sobre la imagen de las mujeres deportistas en relación con la de los hombres deportistas en el Territorio Histórico de Gipuzkoa (País Vasco, España). En los últimos años, se constata un avance significativo en la paridad de la práctica deportiva, con resultados positivos en términos de rendimiento deportivo de las mujeres deportistas. Sin embargo, los medios de comunicación siguen ofreciendo a menudo una imagen estereotipada de las mujeres deportistas reproducida luego en la opinión pública. El artículo muestra los resultados de una encuesta realizada a la población guipuzcoana sobre la visibilidad/invisibilidad de las mujeres deportistas y los estereotipos asociados a su imagen. Los resultados indican que todavía, y a pesar de diferentes esfuerzos, las mujeres deportistas son poco visibles para la población. Tanto la notoriedad espontánea como la asistida de las mujeres deportistas es muy inferior a la de los hombres deportistas. La poca visibilidad se añade a otro problema, la perdurabilidad de los estereotipos. Se confirma la tendencia a incidir en cuestiones ligadas al aspecto físico, así como la atribución de diferentes valores según el sexo del deportista. A pesar de todo, se ha identificado una predisposición favorable hacia el consumo de deporte femenino o practicado por mujeres. En definitiva, se observan algunos pasos en la dirección hacia la paridad, pero el reto sigue aún vigente. The article analyzes the public opinion on the image of sportswomen in relation to that of sportsmen in the Historical Territory of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). In recent years, there has been a significant advance in the parity of sports practice, with positive results in terms of sports performance of female athletes. However, the media often continue to offer a stereotypical image of female athletes later reproduced in public opinion. The article shows the results of a survey carried out among the Gipuzkoan population on the visibility / invisibility of sportswomen and the stereotypes associated with their image. The results indicate that still, and despite different efforts, female athletes are not very visible to the population. Both the spontaneous and assisted notoriety of female athletes is much lower than that of male athletes. Low visibility adds to another problem, the persistence of stereotypes. The tendency to influence issues related to physical appearance is confirmed, as well as the attribution of different values according to the athlete's sex. Despite everything, a favorable predisposition towards the consumption of sports by women or practiced by women has been identified. In short, there are some steps towards parity, but the challenge remains. O artigo analisa a opinião pública sobre a imagem das esportistas mulehres em relação à dos esportistas homens no Território Histórico de Gipuzkoa (País Basco, Espanha). Nos últimos anos, houve um avanço significativo na paridade da prática esportiva, com resultados positivos no desempenho esportivo das atletas do sexo feminino. No entanto, a mídia muitas vezes continua a oferecer uma imagem estereotipada de atletas femininas posteriormente reproduzida na opinião pública. O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada junto à população gipuzkoana sobre a visibilidade / invisibilidade das esportistas e os estereótipos associados à sua imagem. Os resultados indicam que ainda, e apesar dos esforços diferenciados, as atletas femininas não são muito visíveis para a população. Tanto a notoriedade espontânea quanto a assistida de atletas do sexo feminino é muito menor do que a dos atletas do sexo masculino. A baixa visibilidade aumenta outro problema, a persistência de estereótipos. Confirma-se a tendência de influenciar questões relacionadas à aparência física, bem como a atribuição de valores diferenciados de acordo com o sexo do atleta. Apesar de tudo, identificou-se uma predisposição favorável ao consumo de esportes por mulheres ou praticados por mulheres. Em suma, existem alguns passos em direção à paridade, mas o desafio ainda está em vigor.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN ERADICATING CORRUPTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
YOHANES BERCHEMANS EBANG
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media

So far, Indonesia has never been able to escape from the entanglement of corruption. This fact requires all elements of the nation to participate actively in combating this social scourge. Given that Indonesia is a democratic state, where the people are the holder of supreme power, the people have an important role in uncovering and combating the problem of corruption. One of the role and participation of the public is through the media. The reason is because the mass media can reach all levels of society. The mass media is a strategic tool that is able to sniff out and dismantle the rotten practices that start emerging or still veiled. The fact proves that in various places in Indonesia and abroad, corruption is always associated with the mass media.

نظرية الفعل التواصلى وعلاقتها بفاعلية أداء المؤسسات الإعلامية Communicative Action Theory and its Relationship to Performance Effectiveness in Media Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (first) ◽  
pp. 170-185
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Performance Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Institutions ◽  
The Media

يهدف هذا البحث إلى مناقشة القضايا الأساسية لنظرية الفعل التواصلي عند هابرماس والانطلاق من هذه القضايا فى دراسة فاعلية الأداء فى المؤسسات الإعلامية بالتطبيق على وكالة أنباء الشرق الأوسط. واتفقت نتائج البحث مع بعض الفرضيات الخاصة بالنظرية النقدية وخاصة نظرية الفعل التواصلي عند هابرماس فيما يتعلق بتأثير القوى المسيطرة فى المجتمع على عمل وسائل الإعلام، حيث تؤكد هذه القوى نفوذها من خلال وسائل الإعلام التى تقوم بإعادة تشكيل الحقائق الاجتماعية بما يتفق مع رؤيتها وأهدافها، بينما لم تدعم النتائج الفروض الخاصة بقدرة وسائل الإعلام على تحقيق استقرار المجتمعات عن طريق حشد وتعبئة الجماهير تجاه القضايا التى تحقق هذا الاستقرار، حيث أشارت النتائج إلى أن الوكالة – خاصة فى عهد مبارك – كانت تدعم رموز النظام السياسى الحاكم أكثر من تعبيرها عن مصالح الدولة. وعلى الجانب الآخر اتفقت النتائج مع رؤية هابرماس حول ضرورة خلق أنماط اتصالية جديدة تنمو وتتطور عن طريق الحوارات الجماعية القادرة على طرح خطاب عقلانى نقدى يحل محل الخطاب الرسمى، وذلك لاستبدال النظام المؤسسى بنظام آخر لا يحتوى على معوقات وعراقيل تعوق حركة الأفراد ومشاركتهم فى المجتمع. “Communicative Action” theory and to use these issues to examine the effectiveness of performance in media institutions, especially the Middle East News Agency. The results agreed with some hypotheses of critical theory especially the Communicative Action theory with regard to the influence of dominant forces in society on the role of media, where they confirm their influence through the media to reform the social facts in line with their vision and goals. While the results didn’t support the hypotheses about the ability of media to stabilize societies by mobilizing the public towards the issues that brings about this stability. On the other hand, the results agreed with Habermas (Wikipedia The Free vision) about the necessity of creating new communication patterns that grow and develop through collective dialogue capable of offering rational and critical discourse to replace the institutional system with another system that does not hinder the movement of individuals and their participation in the society.

scholarly journals THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE IN EMERGENCIES AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT THE POLICE

2022 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Андрей Петрович Тюнь
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Media

В статье рассматриваются основные принципы формирования и трансформации общественного мнения о полиции в гражданской среде, связанные с участием сотрудников правоохранительных органов в мероприятиях, направленных на предотвращение негативных последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций. Рассматриваются объективные риски, возникающие вследствие некорректной трактовки служебных действий сотрудников правоохранительных органов представителями гражданской сферы в условиях ограничения их возможностей с целью минимизации ущерба от чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечается, что в условиях действия ограничительных мер на период объявления чрезвычайной ситуации усиливается негативное восприятие деятельности сотрудников органов внутренних дел. Оцениваются перспективы, связанные с улучшением социального восприятия полиции в результате освещения самоотверженности и высоких личных качеств сотрудников полиции, с риском для жизни и здоровья участвующих в борьбе с последствиями чрезвычайной ситуации и в спасении гражданского населения. Делается вывод о необходимости использования средств массовой информации как инструмента формирования общественного мнения в целях объективного отражения в общественном сознании россиян профессиональной деятельности работников правоохранительной системы. The paper examines the principles of the formation and transformation of public opinion about the police in the civilian environment, associated with the participation of law enforcement officers in measures aimed at preventing the negative consequences of emergencies. The publication considers the risks associated with the incorrect interpretation of the official actions of law enforcement officials by representatives of the civilian sphere in the context of limiting their capabilities in order to minimize damage from an emergency. The author evaluates the prospects related to improving the social perception of the police through highlighting the disregard of self and high personal qualities of police officers at risk to life and health of those involved in combating the consequences of an emergency and rescuing the civilian population. It is concluded that the media should be used as an instrument for the formation of public opinion in order to objectively reflect the professional activities of law enforcement officials in the public consciousness of Russians.

scholarly journals Transformations in the Social Impact: Politics, Media, Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alexandrova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

The article analyzes the role of political elites and the media in shaping public opinion and the direction of public attention. Focusing on the transformations in the social impact under the influence of network culture in the online communication environment, it examines how the role of traditional structures of power is transformed, and how this affects political culture, the formation of public opinion, and its participation in socio-political life. Social networks are a means of dialogue and organization, and this requires political elites and the media to consult and comply with active public opinion in the online communication environment.

scholarly journals Hegemonía y resistencia en el espacio mediático: los medios de minorías étnicas

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Alicia Ferrández-Ferrer ◽  
Jessica Retis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
Transnational Space ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

There is a broad academic consensus on the role of the media in promoting and maintaining hegemony. However, the media can also be used to counter hegemonic discourses and empower people who have no voice. This is the case of ethnic minority media. The development of media by these groups has contributed to their inclusion into the public sphere, understood as the space in which citizen issues are articulated and negotiated, and where the struggle related to the imposition of hegemonic meanings takes place. In this context, they have become a tool in the fight against cultural hegemony, exclusion, and discrimination. Considering their enormous potential to counteract not only the biased and criminalizing representation of ethnic minorities in the mainstream media but also the “discursive exclusion” of these groups, the academic literature has described minority media as “alternative,” in two aspects: on the one hand, in relation to the generalist media, and on the other, in relation to their potential to offer new voices and discourses on social reality. This work focuses on elucidating the extent to which one can consider this type of media as “alternative,” considering that, despite their emancipatory potential, they are subject to the tensions and contradictions of the media space, which is emerging as a very complex space, influenced by other fields of power, e.g., political and economic. For these media, tensions are also generated in the transnational space, adding enormous complexity to the field. Resumen Existe un amplio consenso académico sobre el papel de los medios de comunicación en el fomento y mantenimiento de la hegemonía. Pero los medios también se pueden utilizar para contrarrestar los discursos hegemónicos y empoderar a las personas que no tienen voz. Este es el caso de los medios de minorías étnicas. El desarrollo de medios por parte de estos grupos ha contribuido a su inserción en la esfera pública, entendida como el espacio en el que se articulan y se negocian las cuestiones ciudadanas, y donde se produce la lucha por la imposición de significados hegemónicos sobre la realidad social. De este modo, se han convertido en una herramienta para la lucha contra la hegemonía cultural, la exclusión y la discriminación de colectivos minoritarios. Con su enorme potencial para contrarrestar no solo la representación sesgada y criminalizadora de las minorías étnicas en los medios de comunicación generalistas, sino también la “exclusión discursiva” de estos colectivos, la literatura científica ha calificado a los medios de minorías como “alternativos”, y ello en una doble vertiente: por un lado, en relación a los medios generalistas, y por otro, en relación a su potencial para ofrecer nuevas voces y discursos sobre la realidad social. Este trabajo se centra en dilucidar hasta qué punto podemos considerar a este tipo de medios como “alternativos”, teniendo en cuenta que, a pesar de su potencial emancipador, se encuentran sometidos a las tensiones y contradicciones del espacio mediático, que se perfila como un espacio muy complejo, influido por otros campos de poder, como son el político y el económico. En estos medios, dichas tensiones se generan además en el espacio transnacional, aportando una enorme complejidad.

scholarly journals Funkcje mediów w demokracjach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12(48) (4) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Robert Szwed
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Journalism ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Participatory Journalism ◽  
Types Of Democracy ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Media Concentration

The belief in the effectiveness and power of media influence causes politicians, media communication specialists, and democracy theorists to use the media for promotional activities aimed at shaping and persuading public opinion and improving it through education and empowerment. It turns out, however, that reading numerous conceptualizations of media functions depends on the way democracy is understood, how politics is perceived, and what is the role of public opinion in the system. The article places various concepts of media missions (from the Hutchins Commission social responsibility trend, through the conceptualizations of Gurevitch, Blumler, Zaller, to participatory journalism and public journalism) in the context of three basic types of democracy: liberal, elitist and participatory, deliberative. Such consideration of democracies and the functions of the media allows for a better understanding of the observed tendencies to appropriate media by politicians and transnational corporations, media concentration processes, and hopes for the revival of journalism and the public sphere in social media.

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