scholarly journals El procedimiento de elección del Parlamento Europeo: un reflejo de la histórica doble visión del proceso de integración y la dificultad de llegar a consensos

2020 ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Covadonga Ferrer Martín de Vidales
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Democratic Institution ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Case

El Parlamento Europeo es la institución más democrática de todas las que integran el marco institucional de la UE, elegido desde 1979 directamente por sus ciudadanos. La historia de construcción del procedimiento de elección del Parlamento Europeo es un fiel reflejo de la historia de la evolución del proceso de integración y de las dos diferentes visiones a la hora de avanzar en el mismo (intergubernamentalidad vs. supranacionalidad). Proceso en el que las dificultades para llegar a consensos han requerido que los avances se realicen paso a paso, muchas veces de forma lenta. Consensos aún más complejos de lograr cuando de lo que se trata es de acordar los elementos claves de un procedimiento electoral y, más en concreto, el sistema electoral a adoptar. Aspectos en los que tiene una importante influencia las distintas tradiciones constitucionales y visiones que respecto de los sistemas electorales tienen los distintos Estados miembros, como bien ejemplifica el caso británico y las reticencias que surgieron para el abandono de su tradicional sistema mayoritario para las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo.The European Parliament is the most democratic institution of the institutional framework of the UE, elected since 1979 by direct universal suffrage. The history of the construction of the European Parliament’s electoral procedure is clear reflection of the European integration process evolution and the different views with regard to it (intergovernmentalism vs. supranationalism) Process where the reach of consensus is not always easy and, therefore, requires progress to be made stepwise. Consensus that is even more difficult to attain when talking about the essential elements of an electoral procedure and, in particular, of the electoral system to adopt. Elements in which the different constitutional traditions and understandings of the Member States have a great influence, as the British case clearly exemplifies with the strong opposition that arose against the abandonment of their traditional majoritarian system.

Has Europe Solved the Problem of War? Explaining the ‘Long Peace’ of the Post-1945 Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377
Author(s):  
David Michael Green
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
60Th Anniversary ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Empirical Question ◽  
Successful Experiment ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

May 9, 2010, marks the 60th anniversary of what is arguably the boldest and ostensibly the most successful experiment in the history of international politics. On that date, in 1950, the Schuman Declaration1 was issued, seeking to release Europe from its centuries of fratricidal war, those conflagrations having just previously reached near suicidal proportions. The process of European integration – culminating in today’s European Union – was launched by six states at the heart of the continent, for the purposes of making war ‘not only unthinkable, but materially impossible.’ There is today little empirical question of Europe’s success. War between former bitter enemies has never been even remotely near the horizon during the period that has now become known as ‘The Long Peace,’ and, looking forward, such militarized conflict remains all but inconceivable. But was it the process of European integration that produced this achievement? And if so, is the model exportable to other regions? This essay catalogues the factors that account for Europe’s success in ending the scourge of war on a continent where it had been a commonly employed extension of politics for centuries. I conclude that the integration process represents an important contribution, but is only one of a plethora of causal factors that massively over-determined Europe’s long peace of our time, and that the European experiment is mostly non-exportable to other parts of the world.

5. The United Kingdom: Towards Isolation and a Parting of the Ways?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Diplomacy

This chapter examines the history of the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European integration process. Britain’s relations with the European Union is characterized by partial Europeanization. The British ruling elite, especially the civil service, has been Europeanized. However, the political parties have been beset by internal divisions on European integration, while the British public has not been supportive of integration. The chapter first provides an overview of the UK’s European diplomacy before discussing the impact of Europeanization on British politics. It then considers the differing levels of accommodation with European integration and the changes that have accompanied the coming to power in 2010 of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition after a lengthy period of Labour rule (1997–2010). The chapter concludes by comparing the UK’s experience with those of fellow member states Ireland and Denmark.

scholarly journals Europeans on Holiday

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Elisa TIZZONI
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tourism Policy

Aiming to provide an overview on the tourism policy implemented by the European Economic Community from the early 1960s until today, the research gives a contribution to fill a gap in current European Integration History, since Historians devoted little attention to the role of tourism in the integration process. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the mutual interactions between the making of Europe and the spread of mass tourism, by a focus on the role played from the Commission and the Council in the field of leisure travel. Broadly speaking, achievements and contradictions of the attempts to set a true tourism policy throughout the decades are investigated. From a methodological point of view, the research owes to the so-called “new history of European integration”, to the extent that multiple layers are taken into account, in order to assess the consequences of EEC tourism policy on society as a whole.

scholarly journals «Memoirs of a European» Jean Monnet as a source on the history of European integration

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Andrii Martynov
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of

Jean Monnet took an honorable place in the pantheon of prominent Europeans. Many research institutions bear his name. This is not just a historical recognition, but also not a cult of personality, because J. Monnet himself quite objectively assessed his personal place in the European integration process. Evidence of this is his memoirs, which are a valuable source of modern history of European unity. The aim of the article is to analyze the memoirs of Jeanne Monnet as a source on the history of the European integration process, which reveals its main stages, features and ways of solving problems. The undoubted merit of J. Monnet in the history of European integration is the so-called “Monnet method”, which consists in the fact that economic integration was recognized as a forerunner of political unification. Integration should take place from the bottom up, not the other way around. The political life of Jean Monnet as a true French patriot and a great European is the embodiment of current discussions between supporters of functionalism and federalism in the history and modernity of European integration. Proponents of federalism consider the creation of a superpower with supranational governing bodies, to which states transfer most of their national sovereignty, to be the main task of integration. Gradually, a common identity is formed, which distinguishes the group from the external environment. Neo-functionalists believe that national authorities delegate executive powers to the community, not sovereignty. Progress in European integration has been made possible by a combination of long-term, medium-term and short-term factors.One of the main long-term factors in the success of European integration is the European idea as an idea of the territorial and civilization unity of Europe, consolidated by the commonality of historical destiny, which requires institutionalization. There is no general theory of regional integration that can explain the complex integration phenomenon in all its diversity. Existing theoretical approaches remain loyal to the state principle as a form of organization of political life. Only neo-functionalists focus on social groups involved in integration and supranational institutions, not nation-states. Many rules of the European Union are formed in political networks that integrate different territorial levels: local, regional, national, supranational. Monnet called for this to be clearly understood and taken into account in real European politics.

Wegbegleiter der europäischen Integration

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
And Training

For 60 years, the Institute for European Politics (IEP) has studied Europe—containing contributions on all the eras of its history and fields of work by 23 authors involved in shaping this unique think tank, this book reflects the history of the IEP’s rich experience of research into politics and civil society. Rooted in the post-WWII Euro-federalist movements, the IEP has gained a reputation in Germany as a forward-thinking, advisory and agenda-setting think tank through interdisciplinary research and multiple publications, conferences and training courses, and Master’s and PhD programmes. The authors of this volume offer insights into historical evolutions and fields of research extending from the options for Europe at the time of the Rome Treaties to the EU’s Central Asia Strategy today, from the efforts to bind Central Europe into the European integration process after 1989 to challenges like further democratisation and increasing the efficiency of the EU’s system. With contributions by Dr. Katrin Böttger, Dr. Gianni Bonvicini, Dr. Wolf-Ruthart Born, Elmar Brok, Dr. Vladimír Handl, Dr. Gunilla Herolf, Dr. Werner Hoyer, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hrbek, Prof. Dr. Mathias Jopp, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Beate Kohler, Prof. Dr. Michael Kreile, Dr. Barbara Lippert, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wilfried Loth, Prof. Dr. Hartmut Marhold, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Mittag, Prof. Dr. Dr. iur. habil. Dr. h.c. mult. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, Ph.D. h.c., MAE, Dr. Elfriede Regelsberger, Axel Schäfer, Dr. Otto Schmuck, Dr. Franz Schoser, Dr. Funda Tekin, Dr. Jürgen Trumpf, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wessels

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

John W. Boyer, The University of Chicago: A History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 676pp. ISBN: 9780226242514

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Learning ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Democratic Institution ◽  
American Universities ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Chicago Press

This chapter reviews the book The University of Chicago: A History (2015), by John W. Boyer. Founded in 1892, the University of Chicago is one of the world’s great institutions of higher learning. However, its past is also littered with myths, especially locally. Furthermore, the university has in significant ways been out of sync with the trends that have shaped other American universities. These issues and much else are examined by Boyer in the first modern history of the University of Chicago. Aside from rectifying myth, Boyer places the university in the broader history of American universities. He suggests that the early University of Chicago, in its combination of openness and quality, may have been the most democratic institution in American higher education. He also examines the reforms that overcame the chronic weaknesses that had plagued the university.

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