Maritime Transport and Migration

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Migration

This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.

Conclusion

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
And Migration

This final chapter offers a conclusion to the overall findings of the journal. It summarises the core factors of mass migration: migration patterns and networks; the role of governments and immigration policy; the importance of steamship emigration agents; the business of migration; and the shifting role of ports and port infrastructures. It concludes by suggesting that maritime and migration historians can further their studies by expanding and exploring one another’s territories.

Costs, Risks and Migration Networks between Europe and the United States, 1900-1914

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Keeling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Cost

This essays explores the peak period of voluntary mass migration between Europe and the United States - 1900 to 1914. It focuses on the four major networks that enabled migration in such high numbers: kinship and community; steamship agents; steamship conferences; and government regulatory bodies. It analyses the push and pull factors of mass migration; the business risks plaguing passenger cargo over freight cargo; the US political responses to mass migration; the cost of migration; and the approaches to risk management in migration networks. It concludes by claiming that the well-documented risk-mitigating networks during the ‘Great Migration’ offers insights into the migration networks of the early twenty-first century and provides possible solutions for coping with the contemporary risks of globalisation.

The Battle for the Migrants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Feys
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Agent Networks

This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.

Book Review: The West the Railroads Made, Built to Move Millions: Streetcar Building in Ohio, Driving Spaces: A Cultural-Historical Geography of England's M1 Motorway, Maritime Transport and Migration: The Connections between Maritime and Migration Networks, Die Bodenhaftung der Netzwerkgesellschaft. Eine Ethnografie von Pannen an Großflughäfen (Keeping the network society on track. Ethnography of hitches at hub airports), Super-Scenic Motorway: A Blue Ridge Parkway History, Tourismus-Geschichte (Tourism history), Bilsamhället. Ideologi, expertis och regelskapande i efterkrigstidens Sverige, Les Cultures du volant XXe–XXIe siècles: Essai sur les mondes de l'automobilisme (Driving culture in the twentieth and twenty-First centuries), Die Welt der europäischen Strassen. Von der Antike bis in die Frühe Neuzeit (The world of European roads. From Antiquity to the Early Modern Era), I signori delle autostrade (Masters of the motorway), Senza pedaggio. Storia dell'autostrada Salerno—Reggio Calabria (Toll-Free: The story of the Salerno—Reggio Calabria Motorway)

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245
Author(s):  
Diana L. Ahmad ◽  
Mark Gallimore ◽  
Julian Greaves ◽  
Petra DeWitt ◽  
Peter Lyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The West ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Blue Ridge Parkway ◽  
Modern Era

scholarly journals shRNA Glut-1 inhibits cell viability, apoptosis and migration of laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells through regulating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Dong Wang ◽  
Jin-Long Zhu ◽  
Shui-Hong Zhou ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Yang-Yang Bao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

AbstractObjectiveGlut-1 is a key regulator in the process of glucose uptake. Previous studies have shown that Glut-1 affects autophagy. However, it is unclear whether there is a correlation between Glut-1 and autophagy in the progression of laryngeal carcinoma. This study was performed to investigate the role of Glut-1 in the development of laryngeal carcinoma.MethodsA stable HEp-2 cell model was constructed by Glut-1 and Beclin-1 shRNA lentiviral infection. The autophagosome was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Protein levels of LC3, ATG5, CyclinD1, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and c-Myc were determined by Western blotting. CCK8 assay and Transwell assays were used to determine cell viability and migration rate of HEp-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the rate of apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the expression distribution of LC3.ResultsGlut-1 knockdown significantly promoted autophagosome formation by upregulating the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I as well as the role of rapamycin (RAP) and Beclin-1 overexpression on autophagy flux in HEp-2 cells. Glut-1 inhibition also reduced the viability of HEp-2 cells followed by the decreases in expression of cyclinD1 and c-Myc. In addition, Glut-1 depletion increased the number of apoptotic HEp-2 cells accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Glut-1 knockdown also reduced the migration rate of HEp-2 cells by promoting the expression of N-cadherin and inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin. Beclin-1 consumption significantly reversed Gult-1 knockdown-mediated autophagy activation, resulting in promotion of both proliferation and migration and inhibition of apoptosis.ConclusionsGlut-1 knockdown-induced autophagy inhibits the proliferation and migration of HEp-2 cells, and promotes apoptosis of HEp-2 cells partly by regulating autophagy.

State Policies and Their Influence on the Connections between Maritime and Migration Networks, 1830-1870

2012 ◽  
pp. 11-66
Author(s):  
Torsten Feys
Keyword(s):  
State Policies ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This section studies the rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870, and the ways in which the two intersected. It explores the successes and failures in establishing migration networks, and contrasts activity at the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp to better understand the impact of commercial networks on the path dependency of migrants. It also considers the organisation of transport and the influence of government policies on both sail and steam shipping during the period. It examines chain migration; business networks; American migration legislation; the rise of Nativism; and migration as an international trade issue, before concluding that steamship lines targeted migrants with full knowledge of their financial value.

Morphology and migration of podocytes are affected by CD151 levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. F1265-F1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Blumenthal ◽  
Jürgen Giebel ◽  
Ramesh Ummanni ◽  
Rabea Schlüter ◽  
Karlhans Endlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Zonula Occludens ◽  
Zonula Occludens 1 ◽  
And Migration

CD151, a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins, is crucially involved in the formation of the glomerular filtration barrier in humans and mice. However, the role of CD151 in podocytes has not been investigated so far. In the present study, we utilized a conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line to characterize CD151 in podocytes and to examine the consequences of manipulating CD151 expression levels. Mouse podocytes endogenously express CD151 as determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. GFP-CD151 fusion protein localized to the cell membrane, to cell protrusions and cell-cell contacts, colocalizing with actin, β1-integrin, zonula occludens-1, and CD9. The expression of GFP-CD151 in cultured podocytes resulted in a marked increase in the presence of thin arborized protrusions (TAPs). TAPs are distinct from filopodia by increased length, protein composition, branched morphology, and slower dynamics. Furthermore, the migration rate of pEGFP-CD151-transfected podocytes was reduced in a wound assay. Fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching measurements revealed a half-time of 3 s for GFP-CD151 consistent with a high mobility of CD151 in the membrane and cytosol. CD151 knockdown in podocytes reduced β1-integrin expression and podocyte cell area, indicating diminished adherence and/or spreading. Our results indicate that CD151 importantly modulates podocyte function.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

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