Conclusion

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
And Migration

This final chapter offers a conclusion to the overall findings of the journal. It summarises the core factors of mass migration: migration patterns and networks; the role of governments and immigration policy; the importance of steamship emigration agents; the business of migration; and the shifting role of ports and port infrastructures. It concludes by suggesting that maritime and migration historians can further their studies by expanding and exploring one another’s territories.

scholarly journals Eph receptors and zonation in the rat adrenal cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H Brennan ◽  
Alexandra Chittka ◽  
Stewart Barker ◽  
Gavin P Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Eph Receptors ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Eph Receptor ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
And Migration

Although the zonation of the adrenal cortex has a clear functional role, the mechanisms that maintain it remain largely conjectural. The concept that an outer proliferative layer gives rise to cells that migrate inwards, adopting sequentially the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis phenotypes, has yet to be explained mechanistically. In other tissues, Eph receptor (EphR)/ephrin signalling provides a mechanism for cellular orientation and migration patterns. Real-time PCR and other methods were used to determine the possible role of Eph/ephrin systems in the rat adrenal. mRNA coding for several members of the EphR family was detected, but out of these, EphA2 provided the closest parallel to zonal organisation. In situ hybridisation showed that EphA2 mRNA and EphA protein were predominantly located in the zona glomerulosa. Its transcription closely reflected expected changes in the glomerulosa phenotype, thus it was increased after a low-sodium diet, but decreased by pretreatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril. It was also decreased by ACTH treatment, but unaffected by betamethasone. mRNA coding for ephrin A1, the major ligand for the EphA receptors, was also detected in the rat adrenal, though changes evoked by the various pretreatments did not clearly reflect the expected changes in zonal function. Because the maintenance of cellular zonation requires clear positional signals within the adrenal cortex, these data support a role for Eph forward and reverse signalling in the maintenance of adrenocortical zonation.

scholarly journals The Role of Emerging Predictive IT Tools in Effective Migration Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Blasi Casagran ◽  
Colleen Boland ◽  
Elena Sánchez-Montijano ◽  
Eva Vilà Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Predictive Tools ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
Theory Research

Predicting mass migration is one of the main challenges for policymakers and NGOs working with migrants worldwide. Recently there has been a considerable increase in the use of computational techniques to predict migration flows, and advances have allowed for application of improved algorithms in the field. However, given the rapid pace of technological development facilitating these new predictive tools and methods for migration, it is important to address the extent to which such instruments and techniques engage with and impact migration governance. This study provides an in-depth examination of selected existing predictive tools in the migration field and their impact on the governance of migratory flows. It focuses on a comparative qualitative examination of these tools’ scope, as well as how these characteristics link to their respective underlying migration theory, research question, or objective. It overviews how several organisations have developed tools to predict short- or longer-term migration patterns, or to assess and estimate migration uncertainties. At the same time, it demonstrates how and why these instruments continue to face limitations that in turn affect migration management, especially as it relates to increasing EU institutional and stakeholder efforts to forecast or predict mixed migration. The main predictive migration tools in use today cover different scopes and uses, and as such are equally valid in shaping the requirements for a future, fully comprehensive predictive migration tool. This article provides clarity on the requirements and features for such a tool and draws conclusions as to the risks and opportunities any such tool could present for the future of EU migration governance.

The parasitism of Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea–Trematoda) in a naturally infected population of water rats, Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia–Sigmodontinae) in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. D'ANDREA ◽  
L. S. MAROJA ◽  
R. GENTILE ◽  
R. CERQUEIRA ◽  
A. MALDONADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
And Migration

Schistosomiasis is a health problem in Brazil and the role of rodents in maintaining the schistosome life-cycle requires further clarification. The influence of Schistosoma mansoni on a population of Nectomys squamipes was studied by capture-recapture (1st phase, from June 1991 to November 1995) and removal (2nd phase, from April 1997 to March 1999) studies at Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During both phases coproscopic examinations were performed. At the 2nd phase the rodents were perfused and worms were counted. The population dynamics of parasites was studied. During the 1st phase, female reproductive parameters, longevity, recruitment and survivorship rates and migration patterns were studied in relation to schistosome prevalence. Water contamination (source of miracidia), abundance intermediate host and rodent migration were related to prevalence. The N. squamipes population was not obviously influenced by the infection, as shown by the high number of reproductive infected females, high longevity of infected individuals and the absence of a relationship between recruitment or survivorship rates and the intensity of schistosome infection. The data indicate that N. squamipes can increase transmission of S. mansoni in endemic areas and carry it to non-infected areas. Furthermore, this rodent can be used as an indicator of a transmission focus.

The Battle for the Migrants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Feys
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Agent Networks

This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.

scholarly journals Evidence of the role of free-living birds as disseminators of Salmonella spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jackson Forte Beleza ◽  
William Cardoso Maciel ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Lopes ◽  
Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque ◽  
Arianne Silva Carreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Environment Exposure ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACT This study aimed to review aspects of Salmonella spp. in free-living birds and their potential as disseminators for domestic animals, man, and the environment. Isolation of Salmonella spp. have been reported in several species of wild birds from Passeridae and Fringillidae, among other avian families, captured in countries of North America and Europe, where Salmonella ser. Typhimurium is the most frequently reported serotype. The presence of pathogens, including Salmonella, may be influenced by several factors, such as diet, environment, exposure to antibiotics, infection by pathogenic organisms and migration patterns. Researches with wild birds that live in urbanized environment are important, considering that birds may participate in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, which are more prevalent in cities due to the human activity. Based on the information collected, this article concludes that wild birds are still important disseminators of pathogens in several geographic regions and may affect man, domestic animals, and other birds.

International Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
James F. Hollifield
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
And Control

This chapter investigates contemporary international migration patterns and the role of migration in the formation and sustenance of modern states. The author weighs the different options for immigration policy and control and concludes that the legal system for migration should be fixed and should treat immigrants respectfully. He argues that we need a system that facilitates the humane and orderly movement of individuals and families. This new migration regime should promote not only development but also security. Beyond the obvious humanitarian and moral imperatives, a humane immigration system is a public good, and the global community must come together to establish guidelines to improve the process for all parties involved.

Maritime Transport and Migration

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Migration

This study explores the connection between global maritime and migration networks to better understand the acceleration of the transatlantic migration rate that took place in the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It brings together the actions of migrants, government regulators, transatlantic shipping companies, and the agents who represented them to determine the motives and opportunities for transatlantic mass-migration. The study is comprised of an introductory chapter, seven essays by maritime scholars, and a conclusion. The subject is approached from three particular discussion points: the rate of development and the accessibility of transport networks for European migrants; the competition between shipping companies and the subsequent influence on migration; and the integration of labour markets in both Europe and America. It concludes by suggesting both maritime and migration historians should merge their respective fields by including the larger frameworks of each discipline to gain further understanding of their disciplines, and identifies the role of ports and shipping companies as crucial to any further study of mass migration.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Male Migration ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical tools and a binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data. The result of the empirical analysis shows that various sources of credit and accessibility to them play a very important role in male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP.

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