Conclusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Irish People ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War

The Crimean War was an important and influential event in Irish nineteenth-century history, to which a large cross-section of Irish people responded between 1854 and 1856. This they did in a variety ways and to a variety of different degrees, but when combined it represents a substantial and multifaceted response, that, much like the event, has remained under-researched and largely absent from Ireland’s modern historiography and history. As with the Great War, the conflict with Russia touched every part of Irish society, and elicited responses from the same, albeit on a far smaller scale. These were often similar to those in Great Britain, other parts of the empire and even in France in certain instances. It has been the aim of this book to illustrate the degree to which the Crimean War impacted upon Irish society, through an analysis of the latter’s responses in the six areas of parliamentary and nationalist politics, popular and religious reactions, the military and the economy. Within its parameters this book has endeavoured to produce as in depth and balanced a study of that response as possible, within the context of the United Kingdom and the British Empire....

Ireland’s popular response

2016 ◽  
pp. 55-91
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Broad Cross Section

This chapter will show that between 1854 and 1856 the Crimean War formed a central part of life for a broad cross-section of Irish people, regardless of class or creed, and even Irish culture. It will be argued that these responses of Irish society to the conflict were a mix of martial and often imperial enthusiasm coupled with substantial local interest. These exemplify the ambiguity of Ireland’s relationship with the union and the empire, but they also demonstrate the complex historical ambiguities of identity-formation on the island. This it will do by showing how Irish people demonstrated an insatiable public appetite for information relating to the war and a desire to engage with it physically; through newspapers, ballads, exhibitions, monuments but also the movements of troops and public celebrations. It will also be shown that the war also stands as a notable period for a variety of traditions, trends and practices during the wider nineteenth century and beyond.

The Crimean War and Irish Society

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Holy Places

The book is essentially a ‘home front’ study of Ireland during the Crimean War, or more specifically Irish society’s responses to that conflict. It complements the existing research on Irish servicemen’s experiences during and after the campaign, and also substantially develops the limited work already undertaken on Irish society and the conflict. It primarily encompasses the years of the conflict, from its origins in the 1853 dispute between Russia and the Ottoman Empire over the Holy Places, through the French and British political and later military interventions in 1854-5, to the victory, peace and homecoming celebrations in 1856. Additionally, it extends into the preceding and succeeding decades in order to contextualise the events and actors of the wartime years and to present and analyse the commemoration and memorialisation processes. The approach of the study is systematic with the content being correlated under six convenient and coherent themes, which are analysed through a chronological process. The book covers all of the major aspects of society and life in Ireland during the period, so as to give the most complete analysis of the various impacts of and people’s responses to the war. This study is also conducted, within the broader contexts not only of the responses of the United Kingdom and broader British Empire but also Ireland’s relationship with those political entities, and within Ireland’s post-Famine or mid-Victorian and even wider nineteenth-century history.

Irish society and the military

2016 ◽  
pp. 120-154
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
State Agencies ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Irish People ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This chapter will show that the war was a period in which people’s perception of the soldier and his family was irreversibly altered, and that Irish people partook in this social movement as much as their peers in Britain through widespread charitable activity. It will also provide detailed analysis of charities’ organisations and lives of the soldiers’ wife. This chapter will also discuss the motivations of the men and boys who enlisted or obtained commissions in the land and naval forces between 1854 and 1856, the recruitment strategies employed by various state agencies and the effectiveness of the same. To all this will be added the geographical and social disposition of recruits and the fluctuations in recruit numbers. This chapter will show that due to the politicisation which Irish population and the army underwent in the subsequent decades the Crimean War represents the last popular surge in Irish recruitment as well as enthusiasm for the military before the First World War.

Home and Away. The Enlistment of Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and South African Men in Dominion Expeditionary Forces in the United Kingdom during the Great War

Itinerario ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
John Connor
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South African ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Canadian Citizenship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Great War

On the outbreak of war, men from the Dominions were scattered across the British Empire. As each Dominion began recruiting their expeditionary forces at home, the issue arose whether these expatriates, especially those resident in the United Kingdom, should join the British Army or be able to enlist in their Dominion's force. Canada and New Zealand allowed recruiting for the CEF and NZEF in the UK. Many Anglophone White South Africans joined a “colonial” battalion of the Royal Fusiliers. The Australian Government refused to allow Australians in the UK to join the AIF, despite the repeated requests of the Australian expatriate community. This paper examines the questions of British and sub-Imperial Dominion identities as well as the practical policy considerations raised by this issue. It argues that there is some evidence of nascent Dominion nationalism—the Canadian High Commission in London issued what became known as “a Certificate of Canadian Citizenship” to expatriates— but that Dominion Governments generally based their decisions on this issue based on cost and domestic political considerations.

Nice Work if You can Get it: Ethnic Penalties in Great Britain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIN YI CHEUNG ◽  
ANTHONY HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
First And Second Generation

Britain has long been home to migrants from Ireland (which until 1921 had been part of the United Kingdom). More recently, it has seen major inflows from a number of less-developed countries such as Jamaica, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Kenya, and Hong Kong that had formerly been part of the British Empire. While there is some reason to believe that the Irish experienced some discrimination in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century or before, evidence implies that the Irish, both first and second generation, now compete on equal terms with the indigenous British. The ethnic penalties experienced by the visible minorities from the less-developed members of the Commonwealth have declined markedly in the second generation, but all the major visible minorities still find it more difficult to obtain jobs commensurate with their qualifications than do the various white groups, even in the second generation. Continuing discrimination against visible minorities is likely to be a major part of the explanation for the difficulty in gaining employment.

Britain, Commonwealth and the End of Empire

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Commonwealth

This chapter examines the history of Great Britain, the British Commonwealth, and the end of the British Empire in the twentieth century, suggesting that the twentieth century ended in Britain as it began, with the constitutional structure of the United Kingdom a contested and vital subject of public discourse. It concludes that the transitions that characterised the Empire-Commonwealth over the twentieth century were ultimately constrained within the due process of British constitutionalism.

CHANGING LANGUAGES OF EMPIRE AND THE ORIENT: BRITAIN AND THE INVENTION OF THE MIDDLE EAST, 1917–1918

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES RENTON
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
British Government ◽  
War Effort ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War

ABSTRACTDuring the last two years of the Great War the British government undertook a global propaganda campaign to generate support for the military advance into the Near East, British post-war domination of the region, and the war effort in general. The objective was to transform how the West and the peoples of the Ottoman empire perceived the Orient, its future, and the British empire. To fit with the international demand that the war should be fought for the cause of national self-determination, the Orient was re-defined as the Middle East: a region of oppressed nations that required liberation and tutelage by Britain and the entente. Great Britain was portrayed as the pre-eminent champion of the principle of nationality, which was behind its move into the Middle East. It is argued in this article that these narratives constituted a significant change in Western representations of the Orient and the British empire.

MILITARY AND PENITENTIARY POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Виталий Николаевич Воронов ◽  
Тимур Станиславович Сливин ◽  
Надежда Владимировна Романова
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Special Training ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disciplinary Practice ◽  
Staff Composition ◽  
The Military

В статье рассмотрена военно-пенитенциарная политика Великобритании в начале XX в. Изучены структура, штатный состав военных тюрем Великобритании, показаны особенности распределения в них заключенных, должностных обязанностей, а также система поощрения и наказаний. В качестве негативных моментов указывается на отсутствие специальной подготовки должностных лиц военных армий Великобритании, наличие рецидивного характера преступности. Определены особенности распределения заключенных по классам согласно действующей прогрессивно-классификационной системе. Авторами раскрывается порядок перехода заключенных из класса в класс. Указывается на то, что действующая система мер поощрений и наказаний носила карательно-принудительный характер и не смогла преодолеть рецидив в совершаемых преступлениях военнослужащими. В статье рассматривается применяемая в военных тюрьмах Великобритании дисциплинарная практика. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что опыт военно-политической политики Великобритании начала XX в. можно использовать и в современных условиях. The article considers the military and penitentiary policy of Great Britain at the beginning of the XX century. The structure and staff composition of military prisons in Great Britain are studied, the features of the categorization of prisoners in them, the official duties, as well as the system of rewards and sanctions are shown. As negative points, the lack of special training of military officials of the United Kingdom, the presence of a recidivist nature of crime is indicated. The features of the prisoners categorization by classes, according to the progressive classification system, are determined. The authors reveal the order of prisoners` transition from class to another. It is pointed out that the rewards and sanctions system was punitive and coercive in nature and could not overcome the recidivism in the crimes committed by the military. The article examines the disciplinary practice used in military prisons in Great Britain. The authors conclude that the experience of the military and political policy of Great Britain at the beginning of the XX century is used both in modern conditions.

National and nationalist politics

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-54
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
External Support ◽  
British Government ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Easter Rising ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Irish Americans ◽  
The Great War

This chapter will show that the Crimean War was perhaps the most positive chapter in Ireland’s nineteenth century history of governance, agitation and conspiracy and society’s relationship with the executive. It will do this by illustrating that between the Famine and the rise of the IRB Irish people demonstrated an aversion for political upheavals, and that this was especially manifest during the Russian campaign. This will be shown to have stemmed from several factors, including a lack of external support and internal organisation, which ensured that there could be no nationalist response comparable to the Great War in the case of those involved in the Easter Rising. It will also be shown that, due to the rampant anti-British rhetoric and apparent active preparations of Irish-Americans to invade Ireland, precautions were taken the British government in Ireland – Dublin Castle. A specific policy was pursued in order to ensure that nothing disturbed what was deemed by the Irish authorities to be a prosperous, loyal and peaceful country. Finally, it will be shown that those positive attributes were also eagerly fostered and encouraged by the lord lieutenant of Ireland, through speeches, visits to invalided Irish soldiers and orchestration of a national banquet.

On the Rates of Mortality in Australia

1884 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-358
Author(s):  
Arthur Francis Burridge
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Science ◽  
British Empire ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Important Member ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Mind

The combination of circumstances, which for generations past has impelled large numbers of our countrymen to establish homes in distant lands, has wrought vast changes on the surface of the globe. The progress and welfare of Englishmen call, from every continent, for our interest and sympathy; and, while there is, probably, no portion of “Great Britain” which usually attracts more lively interest than Australasia, special attention is just now directed to that important member of the British Empire. The richness of its soil, its varying and salubrious climate, embracing those degrees of temperature most conducive to health, and, above all, its immense possibilities for the future, combine to fascinate the mind, and inspire a wish for further knowledge.A comparison of the population returns of Australia with those of the United Kingdom, presents a contrast as striking as can be found in any department of social science. The area of the continent,—which is estimated to be somewhat under three million square miles,—contained at the end of the year 1882 about 2,296,000 inhabitants. The average number of persons to the square mile in each colony was as follows:—

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document