Heavy infestation of sugarcane leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla on wheat and oats in Chhattisgarh

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Jeer ◽  
Yogesh Yele ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pyrilla Perpusilla ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Identification and Management of Clustered Pellitory (Parietaria praetermissa) in Citrus Groves

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Biwek Gairhe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Steve Futch
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In Florida, clustered pellitory is becoming a troublesome weed for citrus, especially from the winter through early summer. Inadequate management of this weed can result in its heavy infestation in tree rows and can interrupt the spray pattern of low-volume drip irrigation systems. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department will assist Florida citrus growers with proper identification of clustered pellitory and with adoption of adequate and timely strategies to manage this weed in their groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Biwek Gairhe, Brent Sellers, and Steve Futch. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1341

An Uncommon An Uncommon Cause of Acute Abdomen in Underprivileged Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muchuweti ◽  
Hopewell Mungani ◽  
Hopewell Mungani ◽  
Farai Mahomva ◽  
Edwin Gamba Muguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Wall ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Small Bowel Volvulus ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery

Oftentimes general surgeons working in poorly resourced communities carry out emergency abdominal surgery in patients with acute abdomen with no definitive preoperative diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis is made at laparotomy. Perforated small bowel obstruction secondary to heavy Infestation with Ascaris Lumbricoides brings a number of intraoperative challenges requiring correct intraoperative surgical management decisions. We present a case of a 17 year-old patient who was admitted with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction who at laparotomy was found to have perforated gangrenous small bowel volvulus with heavy worm load visible through the bowel wall. Because of faecal peritoneal contamination and haemodynamic instability she underwent a two staged procedure with good outcome.

A SECONDARY EFFECT OF DDT UPON THE AQUATIC MICROFLORA AND MICROFAUNA

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Observations were made on the microflora and microfauna of infusions in which larvae of Anopheles maculipennis atroparvus were being subjected to DDT selection pressure (2 μg/ml). Comparisons with controls indicated that the insecticide influenced neither the species representation nor the succession of the organisms concerned. However, heavy initial larval mortality took place. Dead larvae remaining in the containers overnight became centers of very rapid bacterial multiplication, and the maturation of the experimental infusions was accelerated. The larval cultures became polysaprobic after about two weeks, by which time the surviving larvae were in the fourth instar. These survivors were large and healthy, having spent their early developmental period in the presence of a rich supply of infusion organisms answering their food requirements, and successfully withstood the deteriorating environmental conditions and consequent heavy infestation with epibionts (Chlamydobacteriales and peritrichous ciliates). On the other hand, fourth instar larvae from similar infusions in the laboratory colony of A, m. atroparvus were often undersized and sickly because of early overcrowding linked with the initially longer time required for the development of an adequate yield of food organisms. Such larvae, also pupae, frequently died of exhaustion due to undernourishment and complicated by the hampering of their activity by a vestiture of bacteria and ciliates. This explained the paradox that adults derived from the laboratory colony tended to be less robust than those hatching from developmental stages subjected to DDT selection pressure. Besides pointing to the importance of paying due regard to larval environmental factors in resistance studies, these observations suggest the need for field investigations of the significance of similar chains of events in nature.

Phyllachora contigua. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora contigua. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from Millettia caudata, M. pallens and M.? stapfiana. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot of Millettia species. Nothing is known of the development of the disease, but it is likely to cause little damage to the host in common with other Phyllachora species. However, heavy infestation would undoubtedly significantly affect the growth rate of the tree. Individual infections are probably confined to the leaves in which they occur. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone. Asia: India. TRANSMISSION: This has not been studied, but probably occurs through air dispersal of ascospores and direct infection of leaves, the ascospores germinating to produce appressoria and infection pegs.

scholarly journals Yellow and purple nutsedges survey in the southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Eyherabide ◽  
María Inés Leaden ◽  
Sara Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Heavy Infestation

A survey of 79 fields was conducted between December 1993 and January 1994, to determine the distribution and relative importance of species of the genus Cyperus, to justify developing management strategies in the southeastern of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Yellow and purple nutsedge were found in 43% and 9% respectively of the surveyed fields. Thirty eight per cent of the surveyed area showed a heavy infestation of yellow nutsedge, and in 90% of cases yellow nutsedge was invading fields cultivated with summer crops and associated with one or more of other seven perennial weeds, mainly bermudagrass.

Phytophaga tumidosae (Felt) (Diptera: Itonididae) and its Hymenopterous Parasites Reared from the Scarred Gall of Willow

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Insect Galls ◽  
Exact Location ◽  
The North ◽  
North Bank ◽  
Thames River ◽  
Heavy Infestation

On February 13, 1954 a heavy infestation of small galls was noted on a growth of willow shrubs (Salix sp.) in London Township about a mile north of London, Ontario. The exact location was on the north bank of the North Branch of the Thames River about 100 yards west of the bridge by which Adelaide Street crosses the river. The bushes were crowded along the bank and several of them had their lower branches under water and their roots extending well out into the mud of the river. The galls were one-eighth to three-eighths of an inch long (Fig. 1) and were roughly spherical to oval in shape. The bark of a gall was scarred by shallow furrows running along its length. At its upper end each gall bore the scales of a withered bud or an oval scar from which the scales had fallen. Flanking the scar were two rounded swellings of incipient buds. Many of the galls were separatelv developed along the twigs, being well apart from one another, hut in some cases they were crowded against one another so that three or four galls occupied one inch of the length of the twig, and in several instances a number of adjacent galls had coalesced to form an irregular swelling one or two inches long, along the length of a twig. In the key to insect galls of willow in Felt (1940) the galls were identified as scarred willow galls caused by the gall fly Phytophaga tumidosae (Felt).

scholarly journals Biological Control Potential of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Anna Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Dorota Tumialis ◽  
Magdalena Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mamestra Brassicae ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Cabbage Moth

The largest group of cabbage plant pests are the species in the owlet moth family (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the most dangerous species of which is the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.). In cases of heavy infestation by this insect, the surface of plants may be reduced to 30%, with a main yield loss of 10–15%. The aim of the present study was to assess the susceptibility of M. brassicae larvae to nine native nematode isolates of the species Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson and Klein under laboratory conditions. The most pathogenic strains were S. feltiae K11, S. feltiae K13, S. feltiae ZAG11, and S. feltiae ZWO21, which resulted in 100% mortality at a temperature of 22 °C and a dosage of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/larva. The least effective was H. megidis Wispowo, which did not exceed 35% mortality under any experimental condition. For most strains, there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the mortality for dosages between 25 IJs and 50 IJs, and between 25 IJs and 100 IJs, at a temperature of 22 °C. Statistical analysis of the effect of temperature on mortality showed that only strain H. megidis Wipsowo exhibited significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) when applied at dosages of 50 IJs and 100 IJs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis, mineral oil, insecticidal emulsion and insecticidal gel against Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Amiri-BeSheli
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Heavy Infestation

The efficacy of <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I>, mineral oil, insecticidal emulsion (garlic extract, plant detergent soap and food additive) and insecticidal gel (plant oil and plant extracts) to control the citrus leafminer, <I>Phyllocnistis citrella</I>, was examined in laboratory conditions 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatments. Leaves of citrus with second and third instars of leafminer larvae were used in all experimental tests. There were significant differences in larvae mortality between control and treatments (<I>P</I> < 0.0001), but no significant differences were found among treatments. Larvae mortality (%) in IE, IG, BT and MO was 67.83 ± 9.10, 62.45 ± 8.10, 49.08 ± 6.70 and 37.70 ± 8.50, respectively. The levels of mortality of larvae 96 and 72 h after treatments were higher than after 48 and 24 hours. The results indicate that 3 days is the maximum period of efficacy for all tested insecticides. In conclusion, the present study showed that under heavy infestation, use of synthetic insecticides is necessary to prevent reinfestation by the citrus leafminer.

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