Effect of dietary esterified glucomannan (mycosorb) on carcass trait and organ weights in broilers exposed to experimental aflatoxicosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
M.R. Wade ◽  
D. Sapcota
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Trait ◽  
Organ Weights

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON NORMAL RABBITS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ORGANIC REACTION

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502
Author(s):  
Louise Pearce ◽  
Chester M. Van Allen
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Concrete Form

An analysis has been made of the organ weights of normal rabbits exposed to a constant illumination having none of the shorter ultraviolet rays and of other rabbits kept in darkness for periods of 2 to 12 weeks. The environment of constant illumination was associated with a well marked decrease in the relative weights of most organs, and in certain instances this occurred when the organ weights of the controls were becoming increasingly large. There was also an associated effect of stabilization of organ weight. The majority of the organs of rabbits caged in constant darkness also showed a tendency toward decreased and stabilized weights, but these effects were less pronounced than in the rabbits caged under conditions of constant illumination. A notable exception to this general result was the weight of the liver which was markedly increased. The results of this experiment support the conception that there is a relationship between light and the physical state of the animal organism which may be expressed in the concrete form implied by the trend or direction of organ weight.

scholarly journals Assessment of acute and sub-chronic neurotoxicity of Morus alba L. fruits in rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Paul ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Md Kamaruz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Morus alba L. fruits are consumed since long for their nutritional and medicinal values. Although there were studies on the neuroprotective activity of the fruit extract, safety profile of the fruit extract is not yet explored as per the recommended standard guidelines over the central nervous system (CNS). The present work was aimed to assess the neurotoxicity profile of chemically characterized extract of M. alba L. fruits (MA) using validated OECD guidelines, i.e., 425 and 424 in rodents. Results Neurobehavioural parameters were examined for motor, sensory and behavioural responses using actophotometer, hot plate and light and dark box test, respectively as per OECD 424. Interestingly, no sign of mortality and/or adversity on mice treated per-orally with MA (2000 mg/kg) was observed during the limit test as per OECD 425. Further, rats treated with MA (1000, 300 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days, showed insignificant (p < 0.05) changes in body weight, food consumption, neurobehavioural responses, organ weights and biochemical, haematological and histopathological features when compared with vehicle-treated animals. Conclusion The outcome of findings suggests that MA is safe in acute oral as well as sub-chronic (28 days) administration in mice and rats respectively. MA (1000 mg/kg) did not pose any toxic sign and symptoms on neurobehavioural responses in rats even after 28 days repeated treatment in compliance with OECD 424.

scholarly journals Effect of Acetic Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplemented to Drinking Water on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Organ Weights, Cecal Traits and Hematological Parameters of Young Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Cristopher Isaac Almendares ◽  
Cristhian José Hernández ◽  
Mavir Carolina Avellaneda ◽  
Ana Melissa Urquía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Organ Weights

To evaluate the effect of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate supplemented to drinking water on water quality, growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal traits and hematological parameters of broilers, a total of 456 one-day-old Cobb MV × Cobb 500 FF mixed broilers were randomly placed in three experimental treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 38 birds per replicate, for 10 days. The treatments consisted of the use of acetic acid (0.4%; T1) as acidifier, an apparently neutral pH (T2) and sodium bicarbonate (1%; T3) as alkalizer of the drinking water. T3 showed the highest values (p < 0.05) for total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity and pH. T1 and T2 showed the same productive response (p > 0.05); however, T3 decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and the relative weight of the pancreas and immune organs and increased (p < 0.05) water intake, mortality and relative weight of the heart and liver. Likewise, T3 increased (p < 0.05) the cecal pH, although without changes for the cecal lactic cecal bacteria count and blood parameters (p > 0.05). The acid pH of the drinking water had no effect on the biological response of broilers compared to T2; however, the T3 provoked high mortality, ascites, low productivity and abnormal growth of some organs.

The value of relative organ weights

Toxicology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Organ Weights

Effect of cerebrocrast on body and organ weights, food and water intake, and urine output of normal rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 908-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Briede ◽  
Mara Stivrina ◽  
Dzintra Stoldere ◽  
Brigita Vigante ◽  
Gunars Duburs
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Food And Water Intake

Oral (Drinking Water) Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Christian ◽  
R. G. York ◽  
A. M. Hoberman ◽  
L. C. Fisher ◽  
W. Ray Brown
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adult Exposure

Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) was tested for reproductive toxicity in a two-generation study in CRL SD rats. Thirty rats/sex/group/generation were continuously provided BDCM in drinking water at 0 (control carrier, reverse osmosis membrane-processed water), 50, 150, and 450 ppm (0,4.1 to 12.6, 11.6 to 40.2, and 29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day, respectively). Adult human intake approximates 0.8 μg/kg/day (0.0008 mg/kg/day). P and F1 rats were observed for general toxicity (viability, clinical signs, water and feed consumption, body weights, organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], histopathology [10/sex, 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups]) and reproduction (mating, fertility, abortions, premature deliveries, durations of gestation, litter sizes, sex ratios, viabilities, maternal behaviors, reproductive organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], sperm parameters, and implantations. F1 rats were evaluated for age at vaginal patency or preputial separation. Ten P and F1 rats/sex from the 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups and rats at 50 and 150 ppm with reduced fertility were evaluated for histopathology (gross lesions, testes, intact epididymis, all F1 dams for number of primordial follicles). Developmental parameters in offspring included implantation and pup numbers, sexes, viabilities, body weights, gross external alterations, and reproductive parameters (F1 adults). Toxicologically important, statistically significant effects at 150 and/or 450 ppm included mortality and clinical signs associated with reduced absolute and relative water consumption, reduced body weights and weight gains, and reduced absolute and relative feed consumption (P and F1 rats). Significantly reduced body weights at 150 and 450 ppm were associated with reduced organ weights and increased organ weight ratios (% body and/or brain weight). Histopathology did not identify abnormalities. Small delays in sexual maturation (preputial separation, vaginal patency) and more F1 rats with prolonged diestrus were also attributable to severely reduced pup body weights. Mating, fertility, sperm parameters, and primordial ovarian follicular counts were unaffected. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM were at least 50 ppm (4.1 to 12.6 mg/kg/day), 5125 to 15,750 times the human adult exposure level, if delayed sexual maturational associated with severely reduced body weights is considered reproductive toxicity. If considered general toxicity, reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM are greater than 450 ppm (29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day), or 36,875 to 136,250 times the human adult exposure level. Regardless, these data indicate that BDCM should not be identified as a risk to human reproductive performance or development of human conceptuses.

INTERACTIONS OF THE PINEAL AND EXPOSURE TO CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON ORGAN WEIGHTS OF FEMALE RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jay Wurtman ◽  
Willard Roth ◽  
Mark D. Altschule ◽  
Judith J. Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Bovine Pineal Extracts ◽  
Pineal Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Light

ABSTRACT Either exposure to constant light for 80 days or pinealectomy produced similar changes in the weights of the ovaries and adrenals of female rats. These were not additive when both procedures were employed. Pinealectomy did not share with light-exposure the capacity to induce uterine hypertrophy. Rats exposed to constant light for 56 days had lighter pineals than animals kept in darkness; this decrease was not affected by administration of bovine pineal extracts. The increase in ovarian weight produced in rats by exposure to light for 56 days was prevented by bovine pineal extracts, but these extracts were without effect on the uterine hypertrophy produced under the same conditions. These data suggest that the effect of light upon the weight of the ovary is mediated via the pineal.

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