scholarly journals Cognitive and language development in preschoolers is related to maternal cognitive performance: A study of young mothers in an urban area of a city in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Fernanda Teixeira Coelho ◽  
Jéssica Puchalski Trettim ◽  
Rochele Dias Castelli ◽  
Mariana Carret Soares ◽  
Natália da Costa Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Data ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the relationship between maternal cognitive performance and language and cognitive development of children between 24 and 36 months old of mothers who became pregnant in adolescence, in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study with adolescent mothers who received prenatal care in the city’s public health system. To assess maternal cognitive performance, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) are used to assess children's language and cognition development. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22.0) software. Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were performed. We evaluated 496 mother-child dyads. In the adjusted analysis, we found that children's language remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .027, CI [0.0, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p < .001, CI [−7.2, −2.4]). Besides that children cognitive development remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .008, CI [0.1, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p = .030, CI [−4.5, −0.2]). Our results suggest that poor maternal cognitive performance is associated with lower levels of children's language and cognitive development. The results contributing to early identification and intervention in children of mothers with poor cognitive performance at higher risk of negative developmental outcomes.

Nutritional status as a determinant of cognitive development among preschool children in South-Western Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1568-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyepeju Mary Onifade ◽  
Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Titus Ayodeji Oyedele ◽  
Ademola Richard Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Purpose – Improving the health of children under the age of five is one of the main objectives of primary healthcare services in most developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the nutritional status of children under the age of five and its impact on cognitive function. Design/methodology/approach – The cross-sectional study was carried out in a semi-urban community in south-western Nigeria. The sample consisted of 220 school children under the age of five. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and mid arm circumference were carried out to determine the nutritional status of the children. Cognitive function of the children was assessed using a developmental checklist developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and their performance was graded as good, fair and poor. Findings – The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was low with stunting, underweight and wasting recording 8.2, 6.8 and 1.8 percent, respectively thereby making stunting the most common malnutrition indicator in this study. A large proportion of the children (88.6 percent) had good cognitive performance while 11.4 and 5.5 percent had fair and poor cognitive performance, respectively. Among the various malnutrition indicators measured in this study, stunting was found to have a statistically significant association with cognitive development (p=0.005).Stunted children have multiple functional disadvantages that persist throughout childhood and poor nutrition almost certainly plays a role. This paper calls for a need for the Nigerian Government to intervene by ensuring that policies are implemented that will ensure that health and nutritional needs of preschool children are guaranteed right from conception. Originality/value – In view of the importance of nutrition for cognition in children, this research has shown that the cognitive function of preschool children can be affected by stunting and it has contributed to global data on nutrition and cognition particularly in South-Western Nigeria.

scholarly journals The relationship between frequency of carbohydrates intake and dental caries: a cross-sectional study in Italian teenagers

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Arcella ◽  
Livia Ottolenghi ◽  
Antonella Polimeni ◽  
Catherine Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjective:To propose an approach for investigation of the relationship between the frequency of carbohydrates intake and dental caries in real-life conditions.Design:The frequency of separate eating events (with the exclusion of lunch and dinner) and their sugars and starch content were assessed on the basis of diaries collected for seven consecutive days. The total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was assessed through clinical examination. The interrelation between DMFT and frequency of eating events was analysed through Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise forward linear regression analysis.Setting:Italy.Subjects:One hundred and ninety-three students (males and females, mean age 16 years) of a secondary school.Results:Individual DMFT varied between 0 (24% of subjects) and 12, with a mean of 3. Once lunch and dinner were excluded, the mean number of separate eating events was 2.9. A statistically significant relationship was found between DMFT and eating frequency thus defined. Correlations were calculated considering only eating events containing a proportion of sugars or starch higher than different cut-off levels. In a stepwise multiple regression model for DMFT, the frequency of ‘high sugars and high starch events’ accounted for 8% of the DMFT variance. Overall frequency of separate eating events defined according to their content of both sugars and starch accounted for 18% of the DMFT variance. A stronger correlation was found among males only.Conclusions:The precise characterisation of eating events in terms of their sugars and starch content allows us to explain a consistent percentage of the variability in DMFT.

scholarly journals The relationship between levels of Alexithymia and communication skills of nursing students

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behire Sancar ◽  
Demet Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background & Objective: Effective communication in the nursing profession is not just a personal skill but is accepted as a learned and gained technique in the instructional process. It is possible for nurses to professionally provide effective and quality service with the establishment, development, and transfer to emotion of effective communication with people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of alexithymia and communication skills of nursing students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students attending the School of Nursing in a university in Turkey in the 2017-2018 Spring semester. A total of 634 nursing students participated in the study. The data in the study were collected with the “Student Introduction Form”, the “Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS)” and the “Communication Skills Scale (CSS)”. Means, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the analysis. Results: The mean TAS scores of the nursing students were found to be 56.31±8.82, and the students had “moderate alexithymia” based on the average scores of the scale. The mean CSS scores of the nursing students in the study was found to be 91.16±12.99, and the students had “Good level of communication” based on the average scores of the scale. In our study, a negative and moderate correlation between the levels of alexithymia of nursing students and their communication skills was detected (p: 0.001). Conclusion: It was found that as the levels of alexithymia of nursing student increased, their communication skills decreased. How to cite this:Sancar B, Aktas D. The relationship between levels of Alexithymia and communication skills of nursing students. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.604 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Comparison of Cognitive and Other Developmental Functions in Children With Stunting and Malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyo Handryastuti ◽  
Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽  
Surastuti Nurdadi ◽  
Anita Chandra ◽  
Feka A. Pramita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Normal Stature

Abstract Background. Stunting is the impairment of growth and development due to malnutrition and/or chronic disease/infection. According to the Indonesia Basic National Health Survey 2013, prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 37.2%. Various studies have shown that impaired cognitive development may be found in children with stunting and malnutrition. This research has purpose to determine cognitive development in stunted children and malnourished children, using Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (Bayley-III). Methods. A cross-sectional study in 51 children aged 6 month to 3 year old who fullfiled the inclusion criteria at the Outpatient Clinic of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from June 2017 until January 2018. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development Third Edition (Bayley-III). Results. Twenty six children with stunting and 25 children with malnutrition without stunting with age of subjects were 11.0 month (2.0-34.0) and 16.0 month (7.0-25.6) respectively. Bayley-III percentile in cognitive scale were 12.5 (0.1-75) and 16.0 (0.1-99.9) with P (p-value)=0.55. Conclusions: Stunted children showed lower cognitive scores compared to the children with malnutrition. Although it was not significant, but it showed that Bayley-III scores group of stunting and malnutrition groups of children with normal stature far below the 50 percentile (P50). This showed that both children with stunting and malnutrition possible to have decreased cognitive function. Further research is needed with a larger sample to get comprehensive conclusions. Early detection and intervention also should be aimed at children who are experienced growth faltering to prevent developmental problems, especially cognitive function.

scholarly journals Nurses and Physicians Attitudes toward Nurse-Physician Collaboration: A Survey from Gaza Strip, Palestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymen Elsous ◽  
Mahmoud Radwan ◽  
Samah Mohsen
Keyword(s):  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Relationship

Interprofessional collaboration and teamwork between nurses and physicians is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of health services. This study examined the attitudes of nurses and physicians toward nurse-physician collaboration. A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses and physicians (n=414) in two main referral public hospitals in the Gaza Strip using the Arabic Jefferson Scale of Attitude toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration. Descriptive statistics and difference of means, proportions, and correlations were examined using Student’st-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation andp<0.05was considered as statistical significant. Response rate was 42.8% (75.6% for nurses and 24.4% for physicians). Nurses expressed more positives attitudes toward collaboration than physicians (M ± SD on four-point scale:3.40±0.30and3.01±0.35, resp.) and experience duration was not proved to have an interesting influence. Teamwork approach in the professional practice should be recognized taking into consideration that the relationship between physicians and nurses is complementary and nurses are partners in patient care.

scholarly journals A Survey on the Relationship between Quality of life and Happiness among Children and Adolescents under the Supervision of Welfare Organization of Ahwaz in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maryam Khormehr ◽  
Azam Honarmandpour ◽  
Mohammad Adineh ◽  
Azam Jahangirimehr ◽  
Elham Abdolahi Shahvali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Childhood and adolescence is one of the most important, most sensitive and also most decisive periods of human life. Events during this period, for children and adolescents under the supervision of the welfare organisation, can lead to behavioural-cognitive and emotional problems and face the natural process of transition from this period with serious challenges. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between quality of life and happiness among children and adolescents under the supervision of welfare organisation of Ahwaz in 2015. Methodology: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 children and adolescents aged 8-18, under the supervision of the welfare organisation, using the available sampling method. The data collection tool was a demographic information questionnaire, the Kidscreen quality of life and the Oxford happiness. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software version 20 and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman and Chi-square tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that there was a significant and direct correlation between quality of life and happiness in children and adolescents under the supervision of the welfare (P <0.001 and r = 0.656). All aspects of the quality of life in the group who did not show happiness reported to be lower. Conclusion: The quality of life of children and adolescents under the supervision of welfare is related to their happiness. The effect of the use of pharmaceutical supplements/drugs and its relationship with the happiness of children should be studied in future.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Human Resource Strategies and Organizational Performance Based on The Balanced Scorecard in a Public hospital in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Nafari ◽  
Behrooz Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Today, due to complex environment and rapidly changing of health industry, hospitals need to optimize their organizational performance to achieve a competitive advantage. One of the important factors for achieving competitive advantage is the effective human resources management through application of appropriate human resource strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between human resource strategies and organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical and administrative staff in a public hospital in Isfahan, Iran. All eligible staff entered the study (n=200). Data were collected using self reported questionnaires during July 2018. The main questionnaire contained 32 items which investigated employees' perceptions on human resource strategies (including seven strategies) and organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard approach. In order to analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were applied using SPSS/21 software (P <0.05). Results: In this study, 154 questionnaires were completed and returned (return rate = 77%). Human resource strategies and organizational performance were evaluated at a medium level. There was a significant positive relationship between human resource strategies and organizational performance (r = 0.73, p = 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that human resource strategies had the highest relationship with organizational performance in the dimension of growth and learning (r = 0.669, p = 0.001) and the least relationship with the dimension of financial performance (r = 0.455, 0.001). 0 = p). Regression analysis showed that all human resources strategies were effective on organizational performance (R=0.998, R2=0.997, ADJ.R2=0.997). Staff training and development strategy (Beta = 0. 265, p = 0.000), personnel compensation (Beta = 0.212, p = 0.000) and recruitment strategy (Beta = 0.208, B, P=0.000) had the greatest impact on organizational performance respectively. Conclusion: In order to improve hospital performance, it seems that the development of human resource strategies (especially staff training and development, and compensation strategy) can be considered by hospital managers. The findings of this study can be considered for developing hospital performance in similar context.

scholarly journals The relationship between personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Rezapour-Mirsaleh ◽  
Mahdi Aghabagheri
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Clerkship ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The clinical clerkship is a crucial stage in nursing training, yet a dissatisfaction at this stage may cause a nurse to quit in future. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Methods: This was a correlational, cross-sectional study. A total of 293 Iranian nursing students, who were fulfilling their clinical clerkship at university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, were selected using cluster random sampling. All participants were provided with standard questionnaires including personality dimensions (NEO_FFI), spirituality, coping strategies (WoCQ), and satisfaction with clinical clerkship. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The results showed that spirituality (β=0.32, p<0.001), problem-focused coping (β=0.26, p<0.001) and extraversion (of personality dimensions, β=0.22, p<0.001) played significant roles in predicting clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Regression analysis showed openness (β=0.14, p<0.01), extraversion (β=0.16, p<0.01), and spirituality (β=0.23, p<0.001) could significantly predict problem-focused coping style among intern nursing students. However, personality dimensions and spirituality were not good predictors for emotion-focused coping among these students (p>0.05). Conclusion: Personality dimensions, coping strategies and, in particular, spirituality are good predictors of clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Therefore, paying attention to spiritual needs in nursing students, improving their problem solving skills in dealing with clinical stress and training extraversion characteristics can be effective in enhancing their satisfaction with clinical clerkship.

scholarly journals Survey on the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Management Styles from the Viewpoint of Employees of TUMS General Hospitals 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Shirvani ◽  
Mohammad Arab ◽  
Hassan Karami ◽  
Sajad Delavari ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Management style is one of the factors that could cause staff unwillingness for sharing information and ideas that ultimately leads to dominance silence culture in organizations. This study aimed at determining the relationship between management style and organizational silence in hospitals affiliated by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was an analytical, descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2016. The study population included all employees of General Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 4251 employees that 354 among this population were selected as samples with stratified random sampling method. Organizational silence questionnaire by Vakola and Bouradas was used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was α = 0.83 assessed by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and also post-test experience if necessary. SPSS19 software was used for analyzing the data. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between exploitative-authoritative and benevolent-authoritative styles and organizational silence (P<0.001). Furthermore, organizational silence in Baharloo and Shariati hospital compared to other hospitals were more common. Conclusion: Given that the type of management style on organizational silence is very important, managers should support free and open communication to reduce organizational silence

scholarly journals Relation between Children’s Well-Being and Family Function in Children with Thalassemia Major in Isfahan in 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrokh Keshvari ◽  
Ahmad Ebrahimi ◽  
Heidarali Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Genetic Disorder

<p>The function of every family has a significant impact on the health of its members. Thalassemia is a chronic disease and, as the most common genetic disorder in the world, affects different aspects of life, including emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between well-being in children with a Thalassemia major and the function of their families, in Isfahan, Iran, in 2013. This was a cross sectional study and census sampling was used to collect the data. The study sample consisted of 97 children with thalassemia at the age of 10-16 years who referred to the clinic of Imam Reza, Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects were evaluated using the Adolescent Psychological Wellbeing Scale and Family Functioning Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a reverse relationship between the overall score of family functioning and illness score of children with thalassemia (r=-0.377, P&lt;0.001). In other words, children with thalassemia who are in families with a higher functionality have a greater sense of well-being. Among the 15 aspects of family functioning, the aspect of expressiveness and Lack of independence had the highest correlation with well-being in children with thalassemia. However, the aspect of locus of control and Disengagement had the lowest correlation with their well-being. The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between family functioning and emotional well-being of children with thalassemia major. Therefore, an important task of public health nurses is to improve the function of families in various aspects. The strengthening of family planning and implementation of projects in this regard is also necessary. </p>

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