Coverage of Tea Leaf Surfaces with Spray Material Applied with Mist Blower and Knapsack Sprayer

1955 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Akinori EZUKA
Keyword(s):  
Spray Material ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Tea Leaf

Challenges of Aircraft and Drone Spray Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando K. Carvalho ◽  
Rodolfo G. Chechetto ◽  
Alisson A. B. Mota ◽  
Ulisses R. Antuniassi
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Correct Dose ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Heavy Loads

Crop protection on major crops is now required to follow the principles of integrated pest management so the timing and accuracy of any application of a pesticide or biopesticide has to be more precise to minimize adverse effects on non-target species. The development of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) provides a means of providing a more targeted application of the correct dose, especially by using formulations that are more persistent, thus minimizing loss of spray in areas subject to rain. Avoiding use of too high a dosage allows greater survival of natural enemies and reduces the selection pressure for pests becoming resistant to specific modes of action. The downward flow of air from a UAV should also provide better distribution and impaction of droplets within a crop canopy, reduce soil impaction caused by taking heavy loads of spray applied with 200 l ha–1 of water, and allow treatments when fields are too wet to access with ground equipment. In Asia, many smallholder farmers are using a drone in preference to using a knapsack sprayer. According to Matthews, it has been shown that ULV spraying can be effective, but it needs a narrow droplet spectrum with the droplets remaining stable and not shrinking to become too small. Formulation research can reduce the volatility of the spray, hence the success of oil-based sprays. However, instead of petroleum-based oils, there is a chance to develop vegetable oil carriers with micro-sized particle suspensions to deliver low toxicity pesticides in droplets that can be deposited within the crop and not drift beyond the crop boundary. Oil deposits will be less prone to loss after rain so less should be lost in neighbouring ditches and water courses, especially as rainfall patterns are forecast to change. More studies are needed to evaluate the swath for deposition, buffer zones, formulation, nozzle selection, to guide future specific legislation for UAV applications.

scholarly journals Preparation of Catechin Nanoemulsion from Oolong Tea Leaf Waste and Its Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cells DU-145 and Tumors in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3260
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Chi-Chung Wang ◽  
Ying-Hung Lin ◽  
Bing-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Oolong Tea ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tea Leaf

Anti-cancer activity of catechin nanoemulsions prepared from Oolong tea leaf waste was studied on prostate cancer cells DU-145 and DU-145-induced tumors in mice. Catechin nanoemulsions composed of lecithin, Tween-80 and water in an appropriate proportion was prepared with high stability, particle size of 11.3 nm, zeta potential of −67.2 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 83.4%. Catechin nanoemulsions were more effective than extracts in inhibiting DU-145 cell growth, with the IC50 being 13.52 and 214.6 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 h incubation. Furthermore, both catechin nanoemulsions and extracts could raise caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities for DU-145 cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Compared to control, catechin nanoemulsion at 20 μg/mL and paclitaxel at 10 μg/mL were the most effective in reducing tumor volume by 41.3% and 52.5% and tumor weight by 77.5% and 90.6% in mice, respectively, through a decrease in EGF and VEGF levels in serum.

scholarly journals Parametric Surface Modelling for Tea Leaf Point Cloud Based on Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline Technique

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Wenchao Wu ◽  
Yongguang Hu ◽  
Yongzong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Parametric Surface ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Surface Modelling ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
3D Architecture ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Fitting Error

Plant leaf 3D architecture changes during growth and shows sensitive response to environmental stresses. In recent years, acquisition and segmentation methods of leaf point cloud developed rapidly, but 3D modelling leaf point clouds has not gained much attention. In this study, a parametric surface modelling method was proposed for accurately fitting tea leaf point cloud. Firstly, principal component analysis was utilized to adjust posture and position of the point cloud. Then, the point cloud was sliced into multiple sections, and some sections were selected to generate a point set to be fitted (PSF). Finally, the PSF was fitted into non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface. Two methods were developed to generate the ordered PSF and the unordered PSF, respectively. The PSF was firstly fitted as B-spline surface and then was transformed to NURBS form by minimizing fitting error, which was solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The fitting error was specified as weighted sum of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the maximum value (MV) of Euclidean distances between fitted surface and a subset of the point cloud. The results showed that the proposed modelling method could be used even if the point cloud is largely simplified (RMSE < 1 mm, MV < 2 mm, without performing PSO). Future studies will model wider range of leaves as well as incomplete point cloud.

The effect of physico-chemical treatment in reducing Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on lettuce leaf surfaces

Biofouling ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan ◽  
Hye Ran Cho ◽  
Md. Ashrafudoulla ◽  
Junbin Cho ◽  
Md. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

scholarly journals Spent coffee grounds and tea leaf residues: Characterization, evaluation of thermal reactivity and recovery of high-value compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 106141
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sermyagina ◽  
Clara Lisseth Mendoza Martinez ◽  
Markku Nikku ◽  
Esa Vakkilainen
Keyword(s):  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Thermal Reactivity ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Tea Leaf

scholarly journals Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Songsirin Ruengvisesh ◽  
Chris R. Kerth ◽  
T. Matthew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Surfactant Micelles ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Spinach Leaf

Spinach and other leafy green vegetables have been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica around the globe. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of surfactant micelles formed from the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS micelle-loaded eugenol (1.0% eugenol), 1.0% free eugenol, 200 ppm free chlorine, and sterile water were tested against the human pathogens E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Saintpaul, and naturally occurring microorganisms, on spinach leaf surfaces during storage at 5 °C over 10 days. Spinach samples were immersed in antimicrobial treatment solution for 2.0 min at 25 °C, after which treatment solutions were drained off and samples were either subjected to analysis or prepared for refrigerated storage. Whereas empty SDS micelles produced moderate reductions in counts of both pathogens (2.1–3.2 log10 CFU/cm2), free and micelle-entrapped eugenol treatments reduced pathogens by >5.0 log10 CFU/cm2 to below the limit of detection (<0.5 log10 CFU/cm2). Micelle-loaded eugenol produced the greatest numerical reductions in naturally contaminating aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and fungi, though these reductions did not differ statistically from reductions achieved by un-encapsulated eugenol and 200 ppm chlorine. Micelles-loaded eugenol could be used as a novel antimicrobial technology to decontaminate fresh spinach from microbial pathogens.

Flavonoid aglycones from the leaf surfaces of someLabiatae species

1990 ◽  
Vol 173 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Tom�s-Barber�n ◽  
E. Wollenweber
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Leaf Surfaces
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