scholarly journals Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
I Wayan Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Rice Plants

<p>Brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (<em>N. lugens</em>). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.</p>

scholarly journals A Review on Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål), a Major Pest of Rice in Asia and Pacific

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Kari Iamba ◽  
Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food in the world including Asia and Pacific. Millions of people around the world depend on rice due to the high calories and economic returns it provides. More than 100 species of insects including 20 economic pests are capable of causing notable damage to rice plants. Insect pests continue to pose threat to rice farming since rice plants serve as their host plants. Pests are major constraints to rice production and coexist with rice growth. Information on pest economic importance, description, biology, distribution, economic threshold level, population dynamics, monitoring and forecasting is a prerequisite. This review is focused on brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) which is an important economic rice pest that are prevalent in tropical rice growing regions. Brown planthopper (BPH) is a serious pest of rice and has tremendous impact especially in Asia-Pacific region. Understanding the biology and ecology of this pest will enhance the designing, formulation and utilization of effective control measures. The control strategies as stipulated by integrated pest management (IPM) should be eco-friendly with minimum use of synthetic pesticides while boosting the activities of natural enemies and other biological control agents. The control measures discussed in this paper are oriented towards the cultural and biological aspects of managing the pest.

scholarly journals The Development and Characterization of Near-Isogenic and Pyramided Lines Carrying Resistance Genes to Brown Planthopper with the Genetic Background of Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Cuong D. Nguyen ◽  
Holden Verdeprado ◽  
Demeter Zita ◽  
Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura ◽  
Masaya Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

The brown planthopper (BPH: Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) is a major pest of rice, Oryza sativa, in Asia. Host plant resistance has tremendous potential to reduce the damage caused to rice by the planthopper. However, the effectiveness of resistance genes varies spatially and temporally according to BPH virulence. Understanding patterns in BPH virulence against resistance genes is necessary to efficiently and sustainably deploy resistant rice varieties. To survey BPH virulence patterns, seven near-isogenic lines (NILs), each with a single BPH resistance gene (BPH2-NIL, BPH3-NIL, BPH17-NIL, BPH20-NIL, BPH21-NIL, BPH32-NIL and BPH17-ptb-NIL) and fifteen pyramided lines (PYLs) carrying multiple resistance genes were developed with the genetic background of the japonica rice variety, Taichung 65 (T65), and assessed for resistance levels against two BPH populations (Hadano-66 and Koshi-2013 collected in Japan in 1966 and 2013, respectively). Many of the NILs and PYLs were resistant against the Hadano-66 population but were less effective against the Koshi-2013 population. Among PYLs, BPH20+BPH32-PYL and BPH2+BPH3+BPH17-PYL granted relatively high BPH resistance against Koshi-2013. The NILs and PYLs developed in this research will be useful to monitor BPH virulence prior to deploying resistant rice varieties and improve rice’s resistance to BPH in the context of regionally increasing levels of virulence.

scholarly journals Uji Ekstrak Daun Tithonia diversifolia sebagai Penghambat Daya Makan Nilaparvata lugens Stal. pada Oryza sativa L. (Evaluation of Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract as Feeding Capacity Inhibitor of Nilaparvata lugens in Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri A. Mokodompit ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Parluhutan Siahaan ◽  
Agustina M Tangapo
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Feeding Inhibition ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstrakWereng Batang Coklat (WBC) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan serangga hama yang dapat merusak tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). Tanaman kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati karena memiliki senyawa toksik terhadap serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktifitas makan akibat pemberian ekstrak daun kipait. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kipait yang digunakan adalah 0% (kontrol), 1%, 3%,5% dan 7% dalam RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kipait berpengaruh terhadap penghambatan daya makan WBC. Penghambatan makan tertinggi terjadi pada konsentrasi 7% setelah 24 jam.Kata kunci : penghambatan daya makan, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., Tithonia diversifoliaAbstractBrown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Is an insect pest that can damage rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Kipait (Tithonia diversifolia) is potential as a bioinsecticide because it is toxic to insects. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding activity that was influenced by kipait leaf extract. The concentration of kipait leaf extract were 0% (control), 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The experiment design was CRD (completely randomized design) with 5 replications. The results showed that the kipait leaf extract influenced the feeding inhibition of BHP. The highest inhibition occurred in the concentration of 7% after 24 hours treatment.Keywords : brown planthopper, feeding inhibition, Tithonia diversifolia

scholarly journals Respon Hama Wereng Coklat Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Terhadap Ketahanan Dan Kerentanan Varietas Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Rein Estefanus Senewe ◽  
Silvia Permatasari ◽  
Marietje Pesireron
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Filter Papers

Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the important pest insects that attack rice plants, which indirectly becomes a vector for the spread of grassy dwarf and empty dwarf diseases caused by viruses, and can consume a lot of food in a short time so that it can cause damage explosions and great losses. The aim of this study was to compare the eating response of brown planthopper to resistant and vulnerable rice varieties through the measurement of secreted honeydews. The study was conducted at the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Rice seedlings for honeydew testing were 30 days after sowing. Testing was done by infesting 3 female BPH into a plastic cage with filter paper (Whatman No.40 9 cm in diameter) placed on the bottom, which had been sprayed with a solution of Ninhydrin 0.01 mg/ml in acetone. The treatment consisted of 3 rice varieties (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) on each ovened and non-ovened filter paper, with three replicates so that a total of 18 treatments were used by infesting each with the 3 female BPH nymphs. Whereas, 3 treatments with non-ovened papers, with 3 replicates, were infested with 3 female BPH imago each. So that the treatments involved a total of 27 feeding tubes. Honeydews released by BPH that ate on the test varieties for 24 hours were collected on filter papers and formed blue/purple spots. The extent of the honeydew spots formed was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the average value of phloem consumption in Ciherang, IR-64, and Pelita rice varieties showed that these three varieties were very susceptible to BPH sucking pests. The more food nutrients sucked by BPH pests from rice plants, the greater the number of honeydew spots and the wider the honeydew spots that were produced. The areas of honeydew spots of Pelita variety was 33.78 m2, IR-64 28.26 mm2, and Ciherang 22.44 mm2, respectively. Pelita rice varieties had a high susceptibility to BPH pests when compared to Ciherang and IR-64 because Pelita does not have resistance genes to BPH pests. Keywords: Ciherang, IR-64, Pelita, planthopper, rice, honeydew   ABSTRAK Wereng batang coklat (WBC) merupakan salah satu serangga hama penting yang menyerang tanaman padi, yang secara tidak langsung menjadi vektor bagi penyebaran penyakit kerdil rumput dan kerdil hampa oleh virus, serta dapat mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak dalam waktu singkat sehingga dapat menimbulkan ledakan kerusakan dan kerugian yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon makan WBC pada varietas padi tahan dan rentan melalui pengukuran embun madu yang disekresikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bibit padi untuk pengujian embun madu digunakan saat berumur 30 hari setelah semai. Pengujian dengan menginfestasikan WBC betina ke dalam kurungan plastik yang di bagian bawahnya diletakkan kertas saring (Whatman No. 40 berdiameter 9 cm) yang telah disemprot dengan larutan Ninhidrin 0,01 mg/mL aseton. Perlakuan yang terdiri dari 3 varietas padi (Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita) pada masing-masing kertas saring oven dan tidak oven dan dengan tiga ulangan sehingga total terdapat 18 perlakuan dengan menginfestasikan masing-masing 3 ekor nimfa betina WBC. Sedangkan pada 3 perlakuan kertas saring tanpa oven, dengan tiga ulangan, yang diinfestasikan masing-masing berupa 3 ekor imago betina WBC. Sehingga total perlakuan seluruhnya meliputi sebanyak 27 tabung makan. Embun madu yang dikeluarkan oleh WBC yang makan pada varietas uji selama 24 jam tertampung pada kertas saring dan membentuk bercak berwarna biru/ungu. Luas bercak embun madu yang terbentuk diukur dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata tingkat konsumsi floem pada varietas padi Ciherang, IR-64 dan Pelita, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga varietas ini sangat rentan terhadap hama pengisap WBC. Semakin banyak nutrisi makanan yang disedot oleh hama WBC dari tanaman padi, maka semakin banyak jumlah spot bercak honeydew dan semakin luas spot bercak honeydew yang dihasilkan. Luas spot untuk varietas Pelita adalah 33,78 m2, IR-64 28,26 mm2, dan Ciherang 22,44 mm2. Varietas padi Pelita memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap hama WBC, bila dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang dan IR-64, karena varietas Pelita ini tidak memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap hama WBC. Kata kunci: Ciherang, honeydew IR-64, padi, Pelita, wereng

scholarly journals Respons Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) Koloni Karawang

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dedi Darmadi ◽  
Tuti Alawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Population Origin

ABSTRACTResponse of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) of Karawang coloniesThe research was conducted to determine the resistant level of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) Karawang colony. The experiment was done at the Entomology Laboratory of Pest Forcesting Institute, Jatisari, Directorate General of Food Crops, Ministry of Agriculture. It was conducted from February to June 2017. The resistant of rice varieties against brown planthopper was tested using honey dew test method with bromocressol green as indicator. Honey dew test method is one of methods to evaluate rice variety reaction against brown planthopper population origin of certain area. This is due to the production of honey dew by brown planthopper which positively correlated with the amount of liquid being drawn from the plant. This study used Duncan Test on 5% level. The result demonstrated the variation of rice resistant against brown planthopper based on the area of honey dew spot, brown planthover mortality, attacks intensity, the destruction level on plant, and the rice yield. Inpari 13 was the most toleranct rice variety against the infestation of brown planthopper of Karawang colony.Keywords: Brown planthopper, Honey dew, Paddy, Resistance, VarietiesABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat ketahanan varietas padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) koloni Karawang. Penilitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (BBPOPT) Jatisari, Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan, Kementerian Pertanian. Penelitian berlangsung dari Bulan Februari sampai Bulan Juni 2017. Pengujian ketahanan varietas padi terhadap wereng batang coklat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode uji embun madu (honeydew test) dengan memakai indicator bromocressol green. Metode uji embun madu merupakan salah satu metode untuk mengevaluasi reaksi suatu varietas terhadap populasi wereng batang coklat yang berkembang di suatu wilayah tertentu, karena jumlah embun madu yang dikeluarkan oleh wereng batang coklat mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan jumlah cairan tanaman yang dihisap. Uji lanjut yang digunakan adalah uji lanjut Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat variasi ketahanan antar varietas padi yang diuji dilihat dari luas bercak embun madu yang dihasilkan pada masing-masing varietas padi, mortalitas wereng batang coklat, intensitas serangan, tingkat kerusakan tanaman, dan bobot hasil panen padi. BErdasarkan parameter tersebut di atas, Inpari 33 merupakan varietas padi yang tahan terhadap serangan wereng batang coklat koloni Karawang.Kata kunci : Embun madu, Ketahanan, Padi, Varietas, Wereng batang coklat

scholarly journals Resistance Evaluation of Some Rice Varieties by Feeding Activity of Brown Planthopper Population in Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Willing Bagariang ◽  
Wayan Murdita ◽  
Suwarman ◽  
Ahmad Imroni
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delpachidae) is the important pest of rice. The infestation of BPH reduced the rice yield on rice producer countries in Asia. In Indonesia, the area of BPH infestation frequently fluctuated over the year. BPH directly caused hopper burn and also vector of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of some rice varieties to different BPH population in Java. Three BPH populations collected from Karawang (West Java), Pekalongan (Central Java) and Kendal (Central Java) were used in this study. The rice resistance was evaluated by conducting honeydew test. There were eight rice varieties tested i.e Sembada 168, Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 33, IR 64, TN1, Ratu Heenati and PTB 33 with five replications. A number of 200 female adults (five females per plot) were starved for 2 hours before inserting to pot containing one seedling.  The BPH adults were allowed to feed 40-day-old plants for 48 hours. The area of honeydew excreted by BPH was measured using software Image J. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis with ward method and similarity index of Euclidean distance to analyze the rice resistance to BPH. The study indicated three groups of rice resistance level. The variety of Sembada 168 and TN1 were susceptible to BPH. Variety of Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 33 and IR 64 were moderately resistant to BPH. However, PTB 33 and Ratu Heenati were strongly resistant to BPH population of Java.

scholarly journals Detection of Yeast-like Symbionts in Brown Planthopper Reared on Different Resistant Rice Varieties Combining DGGE and Absolute Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Chengling Lai ◽  
Yun Hou ◽  
Peiying Hao ◽  
Kun Pang ◽  
Xiaoping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimum Number

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious pest of rice throughout Asia. Yeast-like symbionts (YLS) are endosymbionts closely linked with the development of BPH and the adapted mechanism of BPH virulence to resistant plants. In this study, we used semi-quantitative DGGE and absolute quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the number of the three YLS strains (Ascomycetes symbionts, Pichia-like symbionts, and Candida-like symbionts) that typically infect BPH in the nymphal stages and in newly emerged female adults. The quantities of each of the three YLS assessed increased in tandem with the developing nymphal instar stages, peaking at the fourth instar stage, and then declined significantly at the fifth instar stage. However, the amount of YLS present recovered sharply within the emerging adult females. Additionally, we estimated the quantities of YLS for up to eight generations after their inoculation onto resistant cultivars (Mudgo, ASD7, and RH) to reassociate the dynamics of YLS with the fitness of BPH. The minimum number of each YLS was detected in the second generation and gradually increased from the third generation with regard to resistant rice varieties. In addition, the Ascomycetes symbionts of YLS were found to be the most abundant of the three YLS strains tested for all of the development stages of BPH.

scholarly journals Bacterial Symbionts of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Lu Lv ◽  
Shengli Jing ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
Guangcun He
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ovipositor Sheath ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Metaseiulus Occidentalis ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Gene Libraries

ABSTRACT The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål), the most destructive pest of rice, has been identified, including biotypes with high virulence towards previously resistant rice varieties. There have also been many reports of a yeast-like symbiont of N. lugens, but little is known about the bacterial microbes. In this study, we examined the bacterial microbes in N. lugens and identified a total of 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing four phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) by sequencing and analyzing 16S rRNA gene libraries obtained from three populations of N. lugens, which were maintained on the rice varieties TN1, Mudgo, and ASD7. Several of the OTUs were similar to previously reported secondary symbionts of other insects, including an endosymbiont of the psyllid Glycapsis brimblecombei, an Asaia sp. found in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, and Wolbachia, found in the mite Metaseiulus occidentalis. However, the species and numbers of the detected OTUs differed substantially among the N. lugens populations. Further, in situ hybridization analysis using digoxigenin-labeled probes indicated that OTU 1 was located in hypogastrium tissues near the ovipositor and ovary in biotype 1 insects, while OTU 2 was located in the front of the ovipositor sheath in biotype 2 insects. In addition, masses of bacterium-like organisms were observed in the tubes of salivary sheaths in rice plant tissues that the insects had fed upon. The results provide indications of the diversity of the bacterial microbes harbored by the brown planthopper and of possible associations between specific bacterial microbes and biotypes of N. lugens.

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