scholarly journals Utilization of spare substances of Zea mays L. seeds during germination under the combined effect of growth regulators and presence or absence of light

Biologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kuryata ◽  
Bohdana Kuts ◽  
Yuriy Prysedsky
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Reserve Protein ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormone ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Functional changes in the source-sink system of maize sprouts under combination of external (light/dark) and hormonal (gibberellic acid/retardant) factors during germination were studied. It was found that the phytohormone action significantly increased the coleoptile, root and seedling length, dry matter mass of organs, both in light and in dark. Tebuconazole caused the opposite effect due to its retardant action. The inactivation of endogenous phytohormone was confirmed by less intensive use of seed substances, the minimum dry matter of root and coleoptile and lower reserve utilization rates under tebuconazole influence, in particular under photomorphogenesis condition. The non-maximum mass of cotyledons may indicate a kind of optimization of use of reserves under tebuconazole treatment. Gibberellin stimulated starch breakdown in both light and dark, but starch usage was higher in dark. The lower content of sugar in the seeds of skotomorphic plants in control and under gibberellin action was explained by intense outflow for the organogenesis needs. Gibberellin stimulated the hydrolysis of reserve protein after intensive starch hydrolysis in dark. Specific gibberellin regulation of phosphorus outflow for the organogenesis processes under the photo- and skotomorphogenesis conditions and no regulation for potassium under photomorphogenesis conditions were found.

scholarly journals Effect of gibberellin on the use of reserve substances deposited in Vicia faba L. seeds at the phase of heterotrophic development under the conditions of photo- and skotomorphogenesis

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kuryata ◽  
Bohdana Kuts ◽  
Yuriy Prysedsky
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Reserve Protein ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Under conditions of a combination of an external (light/dark) factor and a hormonal factor (gibberellic acid) during germination, changes in the functioning of the source-sink system in heterotrophic phase of horse beans development were studied. The increase in the epicotyl, root and seedling length, both in light and dark, as well as in the dry matter of the mass of the seedling organs, was found under drug action. Reserve substances were used more intensively under gibberellin and skotomorphogenesis influence. It is evidenced by the minimum dry matter of cotyledons and higher reserve utilization rates for root and epicotyl formation. Gibberellin stimulated starch breakdown in both, but during germination in dark, the rate of starch use was higher. Other content of sugars in skotomorphic seeds was associated with more intensive outflow for organogenesis needs: formation of root and epicotyl structures. The changes in the content of starch were higher than the changes in nitrogen content in skotomorphic and photomorphic seedlings. This indicates that gibberellin stimulates hydrolysis of reserve protein only after starch hydrolysis in dark. No specific gibberellin regulation of phosphorus and potassium outflow from seeds for organogenesis needs was found, suggesting sufficient mineral nutrients supply to ensure their re-utilization during germination, photo- and skotomorphogenesis processes.

scholarly journals Effect of Tebuconazole on Growth Processes, Content and Redistribution of Carbohydrates in Horse Bean Seedlings under Scotomorphogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
B. A. Kuts ◽  
◽  
V. G. Kuryata
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The article presents a study of changes in the functioning of the source-sink system in the heterotrophic phase of development of horse beans (Vicia faba L.) under the conditions of the artificial combination of external (darkness) factor and internal factor (antigiberelline retardant) during germination. It was found that the action of the drug significantly reduced the length of the epicotyl, root and total seedling. Similarly, the dry matter mass of the seedling organs decreased. The level of using seed spare substances under the influence of retardant decreased, as evidenced by the maximum dry matter of cotyledons in plants of this variant and a decrease in the utilization of reserve substances for root and epicotyl formation during germination. Tebuconazole inhibited the breakdown of starch in the dark. The higher content of sugars in the seeds of scotomorphic plants in comparison with the control is associated with a less intensive outflow for the needs of organogenesis – the formation of root and epicotyl structures. Quantitative changes in nitrogen content in scotomorphic seeds were much smaller than changes in starch content. This indicates that the retardant in the dark inhibits the hydrolysis of the reserve protein of the seed, but the process is started after the hydrolysis of starch. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of tebuconazole on the processes of germination and redistribution of carbohydrates in seedlings of Vicia faba L. Material and methods. The work was carried out on seedlings of horse beans (Vicia faba L.) of Vivat variety, which is a medium-ripe high-yielding variety with a vegetation period of 100-105 days. The variety is technological, resistant to major diseases, has high resistance to lodging, shedding of beans and their cracking. Results and discussion. The combined effect of darkness and the drug of anti-gibberellin action of tebuconazole were used to regulate the intensity of source-sink relations during the germination of horse bean seeds. The seeds of the experimental variant were soaked for a day in 0.5% solution of the triazole-derived drug tebuconazole. Tebuconazole is a transparent crystalline substance of hazard class 3. The seeds of the control variant were soaked for 24 hours in distilled water and sown in cuvettes with wet sand. The biological replication of the experiments is fivefold. The experiment was performed under the action of light and in dark in order to study the implementation of programs of skoto-and photomorphogenesis. Morpho-biometric parameters (root length, seedling length, dry matter weight of individual organs and the whole plant) were determined on the day of 18 of germination. Determination of nitrogen content was carried out according to Keldal method, starch in the organs of seedlings was performed by iodometric method, to determine the content of total sugar and reducing sugar we used Bertrand method in modification by V. Kosolapov. Conclusion. The combination of exogenous and endogenous factors during seed germination significantly changed the intensity of donor-acceptor relations in horse bean seedlings. Under the action of the drug significantly slowed the growth of seedlings in the dark. There was the decrease in the dry matter of the organs of the seedling in dark and noted lower rates of use of reserve substances for organogenesis during germination

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Potential growing model for the standard carnation cv. Delphi

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Lopez M. ◽  
Bernardo Chaves C. ◽  
Víctor Julio Flórez R.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
K Value ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Nutrient Limitations ◽  
Partitioning Coefficients ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Carnation Flower

The cut flower business requires exact synchronicity between product offer and demand in consumer countries. Having tools that help to improve this synchronicity through predictions or crop growth monitoring could provide an important advantage to program standards and corrective agronomic practices. At the Centro de Biotecnología Agropecuaria, SENA (SENA's Biotechnology, Agricultural and Livestock Center), located in Mosquera, Cundinamarca, a trial with standard carnation cv. Delphi grown under greenhouse conditions was carried out. The objective of this study was to build a simple model of dry matter (DM) production and partition of on-carnation flower stems. The model was based on the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) MJ m-2 d-1 and temperature as exogenous variables and assumed no water or nutrient limitations or damage caused by pests, disease or weeds. In this model, the daily DM increase depended on the PAR, the light fraction intercepted by the foliage (FLINT) and the light use efficiency (LUE) g MJ-1. The LUE in the vegetative and reproductive stages reached values of 1.31 and 0.74 g MJ-1, respectively. The estimated extinction coefficient (k) value corresponded to 0.53 and the maximum FLINT was between 0.79 and 0.82. Partitioning between the plant vegetative and reproductive stages was modeled based on the hypothesis that the partition is regulated by the source sink relationship. The estimated partition coefficient for the vegetative stage of the leaves was 0.63 and 0.37 for the stems. During the reproductive stage, the partitioning coefficients of leaves, stems and flower buds were 0.05, 0.74, and 0.21, respectively.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of sesame genotypes under saline stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Priyadharshini, ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
M. Vignesh ◽  
S. Murugan ◽  
R. Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

Sesame is notable for its rich antioxidants and sesame oil is also familiar for its resistance to oxidation. The cultivation of sesame is usually restricted under abiotic stress conditions. Hence in order to study the performance of sesame genotypes to saline stress, an experiment was conducted to screen ten ruling varieties of sesame viz., CO1, SVR1, SVPR1, VRI 1, VRI 2, TMV 3, TMV 4, TMV 5, TMV 6 and TMV 7 at five different EC levels (EC 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Seedling observations namely, germination percentage, speed of germination, shoot length, root length and dry matter production were recorded. Among the genotypes, it was found that under higher saline conditions (EC5), VRI 1 recorded higher seedling length (2.0 cm), vigour index I (100) and vigour index II (1.15), whereas under normal condition, TMV 4 and CO 1 performed better. In general, there was a decrease in all the seedling parameters with increased levels of salinity. With STAR software, Multivariate analysis was done and on the basis of dendrogram, five clusters were formed and the cophenotic correlation co- efficient was found highest in Control (0.912) followed by EC 2 ( 0.829).

The opposite effect of K+ and Na+ on the hydrolysis of linear and cyclic dipeptides

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (23) ◽  
pp. 2264-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Campbell ◽  
Clara A. Hart ◽  
Rio Febrian ◽  
Mark L. Cheneler ◽  
Paul J. Bracher
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cyclic Dipeptides ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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