The impact of non-chemical weed control methods and biopreparations on winter oilseed rape preparation for over-wintering and productivity

The current study was aimed to establish the impact of non-chemical weed control methods (thermal, mechanical andsmothering) and biopreparations on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) preparation for over-wintering and productivity under the conditions of the organic farming system. During the 2014–2016 period, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University on Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc). The field experiment treatments were the following: Factor A – non-chemical weed control methods: 1) thermal (water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening), 3) smothering (self-regulation, sowing with narrow inter-rows); Factor B – application of biopreparations: 1) without application, 2) with application. During the period of autumn vegetation, in the smothering method plots, where the winter oilseed rape crop density was 1.5–2.4 times lower than that in the plots of thermal and mechanical weed control methods, the significantly highest aboveground mass of plant, number of leaves per plant, diameter of root collar, root area, total root length, root biomass of plant and leaf area of plant were determined, and in 2015 the highest chlorophyll index was measured in the leaves. In 2014 the application of biopreprations in the smothering method plots significantly increased the aboveground mass of plant (41.3%), the total root length (33.2%) and the root biomass of plant (28.0%). In 2004 the diameter of winter oilseed rape root collar depended on the leaf area of plant (r = 0.83, P < 0.05) and the root area of plant (r = 0.86, P < 0.05), and in 2015 it depended on the leaf area of plant (r = 0.89, P < 0.05), the root area (r = 0.99, P < 0.01), the total root length (r = 0.98, P < 0.01) and the root biomass of plant (r = 0.99, P < 0.01). Positive, strong and very strong, and statistically significant relationships were established between the leaf area of oilseed rape and the root area, the total root length and the root biomass of plant. In the spring of 2015, during the renewed oilseed rape vegetation stage, the highest crop density (98.0 units m–2) and over-wintering (96.0%) were obtained in the plots of the mechanical weed control method in combination with biopreparations. In the spring of 2016, different nonchemical weed control methods and biopreparations did not have any significant effect on the oilseed rape over-wintering and the crop density. In 2015, different non-chemical weed control methods did not have any significant influence on oilseed rape biometric parameters before harvesting. In 2016, in the smothering method plots a significantly lower mass of oilseed rape and the number of branches per plant were formed compared to those of other used treatments. The highest number of pods per plant was determined in the smothering method plots in combination with biopreparations. In 2015 biopreprations in the smothering method plots significantly increased the 1 000 seed mass, and in 2016 they increased the number of pods per plant, respectively 7.2 and 35.6%. In the droughty year of 2015, the significantly highest winter oilseed rape seed yield was recorded in the plots of the mechanical weed control method, and in the moist year of 2016, the highest yield was in the smothering method plots with biopreparations. In 2015 biopreprations significantly increased the oilseed rape seed yield in the plots of thermal and mechanical weed control methods, and in 2016 they increased the yield in the smothering method plots, respectively 43.4, 25.1 and 51.5%. In 2015 the winter oilseed rape seed yield depended on the crop density (r = 0.86, P < 0.05) and the plant height (r = 0.94, P < 0.01), and in 2016 it depended on the number of pods per plant (r = 0.98, P < 0.01) and the plant height (r = 0.85, P < 0.05).

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Nonchemical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape Crop in the Organic Farming System

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.5772/intechopen.91044 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽

Marina Keidan ◽

Rita Pupalienė ◽

Rimantas Velička ◽

Zita Kriaučiūnienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Weed Management ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Organic Farming System ◽

Nonchemical Weed Control ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

A field experiment was conducted during the 2014–2017 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (now—Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy) on a Endocalcaric Endogleyic Luvisol (LV-can.gln) according to the WRB 2014. The three nonchemical weed control methods were explored: (1) thermal (using wet water steam), (2) mechanical (interrow loosening), and (3) self-regulation (smothering). In the thermal and mechanical weed control treatments, winter oilseed rape was grown with an interrow spacing of 48.0 cm and in weed smothering (self-regulation) treatment with an interrow spacing of 12.0 cm. Winter oilseed rape was grown in the soil with a regular humus layer (23–25 cm) and with a thickened humus layer (45–50 cm). Annual weeds predominated in the winter oilseed rape crop. In the soil with both humus layers, regular and thickened, the most efficient weed control method was mechanical weed management both during the autumn (efficacy 26.7–75.1%) and spring (efficacy 37.1–76.7%) growing seasons. Thermal and mechanical weed control in combination with the bio-preparations in droughty years significantly reduced the number of weed seedlings. Dry matter mass of weeds most markedly decreased through the application of the mechanical weed management method.

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The impact of non-chemical weed control methods on the disease occurrence in the organically grown winter oilseed rape crop

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture ◽

10.13080/z-a.2018.105.042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 331-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽

Rimantas Velička ◽

Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽

Marina Keidan ◽

Rita Pupalienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Control Methods ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Organically Grown ◽

The Impact

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The relationship between root biomass and productivity of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) as influenced by crop density and fertilization

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture ◽

10.13080/z-a.2013.100.006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽

Rimantas Velička ◽

Steponas Raudonius ◽

Robertas Kosteckas

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Crop Density ◽

The Relationship

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Undersowing winter oilseed rape with frost-sensitive legume living mulches to improve weed control

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 96-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Lorin ◽

M.-H. Jeuffroy ◽

A. Butier ◽

M. Valantin-Morison

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape

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Weed control in conventional and herbicide tolerant winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) grown in rotations with winter cereals in the UK

Weed Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00643.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 408-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P J W LUTMAN ◽

J SWEET ◽

K BERRY ◽

J LAW ◽

R PAYNE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Weed Control ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Herbicide Tolerant ◽

The Uk

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Compatibility of Chemical and Mechanical Weed Control Methods

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500046725 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. P. Upchurch ◽

F. L. Selman

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Control Methods ◽

Time Requirement ◽

Early Season ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

The Common ◽

Preemergence Herbicides ◽

Multiple Chemical ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

Herbicides were applied postplant to field grown peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsatum L.) in association with various cultivation devices. Rotary cultivations were compatible with single or multiple chemical treatments applied to soil. For eight preemergence herbicides commonly used on a nonincorporated basis, use of the multiple-application multiple-rotarycultivation technique, in comparison to the common method of use, increased the early-season weed control rating from 3.4 to 4.5 (scale 1.0 = no control, 5.0 = perfect), reduced weeds from 209 to 37 plants/50 sq ft, increased length of control from 36 to 50 days, and reduced the manual hoe time requirement from 24 to 10 hr/A. Incorporation of single or multiple chemical treatments decreased crop safety for some herbicides especially where cotton was the crop. The power driven rotary cultivator was superior to the standard sweep-equipped cultivator and the weeder for use in conjunction with multiple chemical applications. Herbicidal applications incorporated with the rotary cultivator at 0, 7, and 14; 7, 14, and 21; or 0, 14, and 28 days after planting provided equal weed control.

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Impact of plant density on the canopy area index and weed infestation depending on different cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., ssp. oleifera Metzg.)

Agronomy Science ◽

10.24326/as.2014.2.5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 44-54

Author(s):

KRZYSZTOF RÓŻYŁO ◽

EDWARD PAŁYS

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Canopy Architecture ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Area Index ◽

Crop Density ◽

Canopy Area ◽

Weed Infestation

One way to increase the competitiveness of crop plants against weed infestation is to adjust crop density. Introduction of new (“semi-dwarf”) cultivars of winter oilseed rape triggers a need for research in this field. A two-factor experiment evaluated the effect of plant density and winter oilseed rape (WOSR) cultivars on the canopy architecture and weed infestation of a WOSR crop as well as on the correlation between these traits. During the 2010–2012 study period, the average plant density was 38.0; 29.4; and 22.9 plants m-2 (three row spacings were used: 33, 44, and 55 cm). The oilseed rape cultivars were as follows: conventional, hybrid and “semi-dwarf” hybrid. Experimental factors did not cause significant differences in the number of weeds and their mass. However, there was a clear trend of decreasing total number of weeds in the span of 33 cm spacing than in the 44 and 55 cm. Hybrid cultivar resulted in increasing of total number of weeds in comparison to the conventional one. The differences in the assimilation area of WOSR plants per unit of ground area were significant between row spacings until the end of the flowering stage and between cultivars until the flower bud development stage. During the growth stages from the beginning of flowering until the end of pod development significant negative correlations were found between the assimilation area and the number of weeds, while the correlations between the assimilation area and the weed weight were insignificant. Insignificant correlations also occurred between the number of oilseed rape plants per unit area and the mass of weeds. The results indicate the possibility of reducing the demand for seed sowing, without requiring additional costs for weed control.

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SENSITIVITY OF SWEET POTATO GENOTYPES TO CLOMAZONE AND WEED INTERFERENCE

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n211rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 352-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

EDSON APARECIDO DOS SANTOS ◽

VALTER CARVALHO DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR ◽

DANIEL JOSÉ SILVA VIANA ◽

ALBERTIR APARECIDO DOS SANTOS ◽

ANTÔNIO JULIO MEDINA DA SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Branch Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Root Yield ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is a promising crop in Brazil due to its potential for bioenergy production. However, little information on adequate chemical weed control is found for this crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of clomazone on 20 genotypes of sweet potato and the sensitivity of these materials to weed interference. A field experiment was conducted using an experimental design with four blocks arranged in split-plots. The sweet potato genotypes Brazlândia-Branca, Cariru-Vermelha, Princesa, Tomba-Carro-1 and UFVJM (01, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 23, 26, 30, 35, 42, 43, 46, 48 and 49) were grown for 180 days under three weed managements (soils treated with clomazone, mechanically weeded and with no weed control). The plots consisted of the weed control methods and the subplots consisted of the sweet potato genotypes. Phytotoxicity, branch growth and yield were evaluated. Plants grown with no weed interference had larger branch length. The highest yields were found in clomazone-treated soils. Weed interference reduced 81 to 99.7% of the yield. The less susceptible genotypes to weed interference were UFVJM07, UFVJM10 and UFVJM35, and the most sensitive were Princesa and UFVJM01. The root yield of plants under chemical weed control was similar to or greater than those with mechanical weed control in 17 of the 20 genotypes evaluated.

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Autumn growth and development of different winter oilseed rape variety types at three input levels

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4077-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 168-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Bečka ◽

J. Vašák ◽

P. Kroutil ◽

P. Štranc

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Chlormequat Chloride ◽

Autumn Period ◽

Low Input

The autumn growth and development was studied in three types of winter oilseed rape varieties (line, hybrid and genetically modified hybrid) at three technologies (intensity, standard and low input). Technologies were different by soil preparation before sowing, sowing rate, chemical treatment levels, growth regulation and fertilisation. It is evident from the autumn period 1999–2002, that the yield of biomass and roots in the autumn period was influenced by the technology and year conditions (water soil condition). The occurrence of surface soil clods influenced negatively the creation of root and aboveground biomass irrespective of the soil cultivation (ploughing or cultivation without ploughing). Also the excessive soil moisture negatively influenced the root and aboveground biomass and increased the differences among variants. The low input variant was substantially worse than intensity and standard. The dry mass of aboveground and root biomass was statistically different (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive and standard variant in comparison with the variant without ploughing (low input). No statistically significant differences were found in the mass of aboveground and root biomass (alfa = 0.05). The percentage of dry mass in aboveground and root biomass was statistically significantly higher (alfa = 0.05) in intensity of growth regulator application tebuconazole (Horizon 250EW) + chlormequat-chloride (Retacel Extra R68) compared with standard and low input. The diameter of root neck, length of roots and number of leaves was statistically the highest (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive variant. Statistically the values differed from the standard and low input variants. Substantially lower differences were found in the varieties in the same characters. GM hybrid showed a lower heterosis effect and the studied characters did not reach the level of unmodified hybrid level.

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