scholarly journals The Difference in Backscatter Factors of Diagnostic X-rays by the Difference in the Scattering Medium and in the Objective Dose

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014
Author(s):  
Hideki Kato ◽  
Keita Sakai ◽  
Mizuki Uchiyama ◽  
Kentaro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Scattering Medium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Backscatter Factors

scholarly journals Heterotopic ossification in the post cruciate ligament of the knee: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Li ◽  
Zonggui Huang ◽  
K. C. Anil ◽  
Chendeng Lao ◽  
Qianghua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is noted most frequently in periarticular muscles and has not yet been reported in the cruciate ligaments of the knee. We present a rare case of symptomatic ossification of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Case presentation A 59-year-old woman had a 2-year history of knee pain that was getting worse during knee motion and had restricted knee motion for 1 year. X-rays could not show the lesion clearly. Multi-planar computed tomography demonstrated ossification within the PCL with mild osteoarthritic changes and excluded any other intra-articular pathology. The patient underwent arthroscopic debridement and then experienced immediate relief of pain and complete recovery of range of motion. Conclusion This is the first report of HO in the PCL as a possible cause of knee pain and restricted knee motion. On the basis of literature review, this case elaborates the difference between HO and calcification in the ligaments, the related factors inducing HO and the undefined pathogenesis, and favorable prognosis after adequate treatment.

Magnetic Structure of Multilayers from Soft-X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Chen ◽  
Y. U. Idzerda ◽  
C.-C. Kao ◽  
L. H. Tjeng ◽  
H.-J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

AbstractSoft-x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the difference between the absorptivity or reflectivity of left and right circularly polarized soft-x-rays at the magnetically interesting L2,3- edges of 3d transition metals or the M4,5-edges of the 4f rare earth elements. Thanks to its large absorption cross-section and strong MCD effect, this technique has become a powerful new means for probing, in an element- and site-specific manner, the magnetic properties of ultra-thin films and multilayers. Soft-x-ray MCD experiments, recently conducted at the Dragon beamline, are utilized to demonstrate the recent progress in this technique and its applications in the research of magnetic thin films.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of atomic analysis by X-rays

1932 ◽  
Vol 135 (828) ◽  
pp. 637-656 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Target Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atomic Analysis

In a previous paper it was shown that 0·0007 per cent, of 29 Cu and 0·0003 per cent, of 26 Fe could be detected in 30 Zn by atomic analysis by X-ray spectroscopy. This sensitivity is greater than that which was claimed by Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who set the limit at about 0·1 per cent, for non-metals, and by Hevesy, who stated it to be about 0·01 per cent, for an element present in an alloy. It was later suggested by Hevesy that the high value of the sensitivity which we found might result from the fact that some of the alloys we had used were composed of elements of almost equal atomic number, and that the sensitivity would be smaller for a constituent of low atomic number mixed with a major constituent of high atomic number. To elucidate these disagreements we have made further observations of the sensitivity with elements of different atomic number and have investigated the conditions which can influence the sensitivity. The Factors Determining Sensitivity . The detection of one element in a mixture of elements depends upon the identification of its K or L lines in the general spectrum emitted by the mixture under examination. The intensity with which these lines are excited in the target (“excited intensity”) is proportional to the number of atoms of the constituent element excited, i. e ., to its concentration and to the volume of the target in which the cathode ray energy is absorbed. The depth of penetration of the cathode rays is determined by the density of the target material and by their velocity ( i. e ., by the voltage applied to the X-ray tube). Schonland has shown that the range of homogeneous cathode rays in different elements, expressed as a mass per unit area, is approximately constant and is independent of the atomic number of the absorbing element. When their velocity is increased, the cathode rays will penetrate to a greater depth, and therefore a greater number of atoms of all constituents will be ionised. This will increase the “excited intensity” of the lines due to the particular constituent sought equally with those lines of the other elements present. The intensity of a line further depends upon the difference between the voltage applied to the X-ray tube and that necessary to excite the series. For these reasons, a high applied voltage is required for a high sensitivity.

scholarly journals A Method to Optimize the Electron Spectrum for Simulating Thermo-Mechanical Response to X-ray Radiation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectrum ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linear Least Squares ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Relativistic Electron Beams ◽  
Transport Code ◽  
The Difference

The X-ray pulse originating from high altitude nuclear detonation (HAND) is mainly soft X-ray and its intensity is high enough to gasify the penetrated material and then lead to the severe thermo-mechanical deformation of unpenetrated material from the gasified blow-off effect. This effect cannot be directly reproduced in a lab for the lack of the X-ray source like HAND. At present, the low-energy relativistic electron beams resulting from an electron accelerator are usually used to approximately reproduce this effect, but the difference in the energy-deposited profile in materials between the electron and X-ray cannot be eliminated. In this paper, the symmetric linear least squares method was used to optimize the electron spectrum, and the general Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code calculations showed the optimized spectrum can produce the same energy-deposited profile in aluminum, copper, and tantalum with the soft X-rays like 1 keV or 3 keV spectrums. This indicates that it is possible to simulate the severe thermo-mechanical deformation resulting from HAND using the optimized electron spectrums.

Destruction of C2H4O2 isomers in ice-phase by X-rays: Implication on the abundance of acetic acid and methyl formate in the interstellar medium

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S332) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
Marina G. Rachid ◽  
K. Faquine ◽  
S. Pilling
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Formation Cross Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Astrophysical Ices

AbstractC2H4O2 isomers, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and glycoaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), have been detected in a lot of sources in ISM. However, their abundances are very different, with methyl formate much more abundant than the other two isomers. This fact may be related to the different destruction by ionizing radiation of these molecules. The goal of this work is experimentally study the photodissociation processes of methyl formate and acetic acid ices when exposed to broadband soft X-ray from 6 up to 2000 eV. The experiments were performed coupled to the SGM beamline in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM) at Campinas, Brazil. The simulated astrophysical ices (12K) were monitored throughout the experiment using infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of processed ices allowed the determination of the effective destruction cross sections of the parent molecules as well as the effective formation cross section of daughter molecular species. The relative abundance between acetic acid and methyl formate (NCH3COOH/NHCOOCH3) in different astronomical scenarios and their column density evolution in the presence of X-rays were calculated and our results suggests that such radiation field can be one of the factors that explain the difference in the isomers C2H4O2 abundances. We also quantified the daugther species after the establishment of a chemical equilibrium in the samples.

Is Subacromial Balloon Spacer Appropriate for Treatment of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears in Elderly Patients?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Kamil Yamak ◽  
Hüseyin Gökhan Karahan ◽  
Taşkın Altay ◽  
Cemil Kayalı ◽  
Fırat Ozan
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quick Dash

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of surgical treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears by subacromial balloon spacer insertion in patients over 65 years old. Material and methods. Results of patients with failed conservative treatment for irreparable rotator cuff tears and who underwent subacromial balloon spacer insertion were evaluated retrospectively. The VAS and Quick-DASH scores were used for clinical and functional assessment. Results. Eleven patients were included. Mean age of patients was 69.1 (range: 65-77) years old. Evaluation of anteroposterior shoulder x-rays revealed Hamada grade 2 and grade 1 arthropathy in 10 patients (91%) and 1 patient (9%),respectively. Mean duration of follow-up was 45.09 (±5.43,37-52) months. The difference in the subacromial space measured from standard AP shoulder x-rays in the preoperative period, in the 6th postoperative month, and at the end of follow-up was 5.44 mm (2.29), 6.51 mm (±2.23), and 5.08 mm (±2.13), respectively. Mean Quick-DASH score was 74.49(±14.36) in the preoperative period, compared to 72.19 (±14.38) at the end of follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative period and end of follow-up scores in terms of mean Quick-DASH scores (p= 0.232). Mean VAS score was 7.09 (±0.831) in the preoperative period and 6.64 (±0.809) at the end of follow-up. No statistically significant difference was revealed in terms of mean VAS scores when preoperative and end of follow-up scores were compared (p=0.333). Conclusion. Clinical and radiographic results of subacromial balloon spacer insertion in the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears could not be evaluated as satisfactory.

Fricke dosimetry: the difference betweenG(Fe3+) for60Co gamma-rays and high-energy x-rays

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1609-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
N V Klassen ◽  
K R Shortt ◽  
J Seuntjens ◽  
C K Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Influence of Layer Removal Methods in Residual Stress Profiling of a Shot Peened Steel Using X-Ray Diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Alkaisee ◽  
Ru Lin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
The Difference

For X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Depth Profiles of Residual Stress, Step-Wise Removal of Materials has to be Done to Expose the Underneath Layers to the X-Rays. this Paper Investigates the Influence of Layer Removal Methods, Including Electro-Polishing in Two Different Electrolytes and Chemical Etching, on the Accuracy of Residual Stress Measurement. Measurements on Two Shot-Peened Steels Revealed Large Discrepancy in Subsurface Distributions of Residual Stress Obtained with the Respective Methods. Especially, the Chemical Etching Yielded much Lower Subsurface Compressive Stresses than the Electro-Polishing Using a so Called AII Electrolyte. the Difference was Explained by the Influence of the Different Layer Removal Methods on the Microscopic Roughness.

scholarly journals Mizaj as an Index in Persian Traditional Medicine Index Could Associate with Sensitivity to the Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Asghari ◽  
Kourosh Ebrahimnejad Gorji ◽  
Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpour ◽  
Ali Shabestani Monfared ◽  
Ebrahim Zabihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
The People ◽  
Neutral Comet Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The sensitivity to the radiation among human population depends on various parameters. This variation could lead to dissimilar outcome of radiotherapy in similar situations. Mizaj is a well-known term in Persian medicine that present an individualized medicine viewpoint. All of the people will be categorized in cold, moderate, and warm Mizaj. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between Mizaj and radiosensitivity by comet assay. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood sample of 30 healthy volunteers (10 cold, 11 moderate and nine warm Mizaj) were taken and divided into two identical parts. The first part was exposed to 4 Gy x-rays, and the second part was regarded as the sham control. Then, DNA damages of samples were evaluated by the neutral comet assay. Results: The results showed that the mean percentage of damaged cells, in all of the irradiated groups including A (warm), B (moderate) and C (cold) was significantly higher than the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, DNA damage rate in the irradiated warm Mizaj group was higher than both cold and moderate irradiated groups, but the difference between moderate and cold irradiated groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results are indicating that warm Mizaj persons could be more radiosensitive than other groups, which their importance in radiotherapy individualization should be evaluated in more extensive studies. [GMJ.2020;9:e1705]

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