scholarly journals Ambulantna poraba antibiotikov pri otrocih v Sloveniji

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Čižman ◽  
Tina Plankar Srovin ◽  
Maja Sočan ◽  
Aleš Korošec ◽  
Jerneja Ahčan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Nitrofuran Derivatives ◽  
Gender And Health ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Background: Antibiotics are among the most common drugs prescribed in outpatient settings. It is estimated that up to 50 % are prescribed unnecessarily or inappropriately. To plan the actions for optimizing the use of antibiotics, we conducted a national antibiotic consumption study in children aged 0–18 years in the period between 2003 and 2015.Methods: In this national retrospective research we analyzed outpatient antibiotic consumption using ATC/DDD classification. The use of antibiotics was recorded in relation to the pattern of prescription, age, gender and health region.Results: The total consumption of antibiotics decreased by 35 % from 979 to 636 prescriptions per 1000 children/year (PTY) during the whole study period. Te use of all antibiotic classes decreased (except for quinolones and nitrofuran derivatives) by 12.5 %–81 %. In all those years we recorded the highest consumption in children aged 1 to 4 years (2184–1160 PTY). Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in children aged 0 to 4 years, penicillin V among 5 to 14 years and co-amoxiclav among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. In health regions in the northeastern part of Slovenia much more antibiotics were prescribed than in other regions. In 2015, 65 % of prescriptions were prescribed by pediatricians and school medicine specialists, 16 % by physicians without specialization, 14 % by GPs/family doctors and 5 % by other specialists.Conclusions: Despite the decrease in outpatient antibiotic use in children and adolescents in Slovenia, the overall and especially broad-spectrum antibiotic consumption (amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, azithromycin and second/third generation cephalosporins) is still too high. It is necessary to strengthen activities to reduce prescribing, particularly for acute (upper) respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Decrease of Antibiotic Consumption in Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections after Implementation of an Intervention Program in Cyprus

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1658-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papaevangelou ◽  
A. Rousounides ◽  
A. Hadjipanagis ◽  
A. Katsioulis ◽  
M. Theodoridou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTo assess the impact of intervention on antibiotic misuse in children, parents' and pediatricians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning antibiotic use were evaluated pre- and postintervention in Larnaca (Cyprus) and Limassol (Cyprus). Concurrently, pediatricians documented upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) visits and pharmacists provided antibiotic consumption data. Intervention was implemented for parents and pediatricians residing in Larnaca. The consumption/URTI incidence index was significantly reduced in Larnaca but not in Limassol. Parental responses to a KAP questionnaire remained unchanged; therefore, antibiotic consumption reduction is attributable to pediatricians' education.

scholarly journals Rapid Multiplex Testing for Upper Respiratory Pathogens in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa May ◽  
Grant Tatro ◽  
Eduard Poltavskiy ◽  
Benjamin Mooso ◽  
Simson Hon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Acute upper respiratory tract infections are a common cause of Emergency Department (ED) visits and often result in unnecessary antibiotic treatment.  Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of a rapid, multi-pathogen respiratory panel (RP) test versus usual care (control). Patients were eligible if they were ≥12 months old, had symptoms of upper respiratory infection or influenza like illness, and were not on antibiotics. The primary outcome was antibiotic prescription; secondary outcomes included antiviral prescription, disposition, and length of stay (ClinicalTrials.gov# NCT02957136). Results Of 191 patients enrolled, 93 (49%) received RP testing; 98 (51%) received usual care. Fifty-three (57%) RP and 7 (7%) control patients had a virus detected and reported during the ED visit (p=0.0001). Twenty (22%) RP patients and 33 (34%) usual care patients received antibiotics during the ED visit (-12% [95% CI -25%, 0.4%]; p=0.06/0.08); 9 RP patients received antibiotics despite having a virus detected. The magnitude of antibiotic reduction was greater in children (-19%) versus adults (-9%; post-hoc analysis). There was no difference in antiviral use, length of stay, or disposition. Conclusions Rapid RP testing was associated with a trend towards decreased antibiotic use, suggesting a potential benefit from more rapid viral tests in the ED. Future studies should determine if specific groups are more likely to benefit from testing and evaluate relative cost and effectiveness of broad testing, focused testing, and a combined diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship approach.

Evaluation of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslınur Albayrak ◽  
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽  
Bensu Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

The effect of probiotics on prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in the paediatric community – a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
İ.E. Emre ◽  
Y. Eroğlu ◽  
A. Kara ◽  
E.C. Dinleyici ◽  
M. Özen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Tract Infections

Prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is becoming an increasingly important concept in public health application due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. Probiotics have been shown to have some effect on prevention in various reviews. In this study we aimed to re-asses the effect of probiotics as there has been a substantial increase in literature regarding the effects and safety of probiotics in the paediatric population. Two major databases were systematically searched to identify clinical trials eligible for inclusion. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers. This review comprises 33 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) applied to a paediatric population with high-quality methodology. The primary outcome for this review was the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Secondary outcomes were severity of symptoms, missed days of school, incidence of antibiotic use and safety of prebiotic use. This review showed that probiotics have an impact on decreasing the incidence of URTIs and the severity of symptoms. The use of probiotics is extremely safe and as studies increase in evaluation of the effect of probiotics more and more show a significant beneficiary effect. Although still a long way from becoming a unanimous treatment modality, the small positive changes that probiotics have on URTIs is important to consider and the use of probiotics should be encouraged more.

scholarly journals Challenges in antibiotics prescription in pediatrics: A national survey among Lebanese pediatricians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amale ISSA ◽  
Nadine SALEH ◽  
Mira HLEYHE ◽  
Rouba Karen ZEIDAN ◽  
Sara ASSAF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs especially in pediatrics and for Upper Respiratory tract Infections (URI). Physicians are facing many challenges in their practice regarding antibiotics prescription. The aim of this study, the first of its kind in Lebanon, is to evaluate attitudes and practices of Lebanese pediatricians towards antibiotics prescription with a special focus on URI in order to identify challenges facing physicians. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 among pediatricians registered in the Orders of Physicians. A 63-item questionnaire in English was sent by e-mail or by message to the mobile phone of all pediatricians with subsequent reminders. Data was collected from May 1st through July 2nd 2018. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. The analysis involved descriptive quantitative statistics (means and standard deviations, frequencies and percentages). Results From a total of 1213 physicians approached, 117 agreed to participate in the study giving a response rate of ~ 10%. A high proportion of Lebanese pediatricians replied correctly on avoiding antibiotics in cases of cough (86.3%), URI (74.4%), tympanic membrane dysfunction (64.1%) and prevention of secondary infection (63%). Eighty percent of physicians prescribed antibiotics for pharyngitis without requesting a throat culture. The majority of physicians admitted that antibiotic use is considerable in their community and that antibiotic resistance is a threat on the national and international level. Forty percent of pediatricians agreed and strongly agreed that giving advice to parents reduces their antibiotic demand. The same percentage disapproved that they might prescribe antibiotics in order to gain parents’ trust. Conclusion National campaigns are required to increase parents’ education and promote judicious antimicrobials use. Implementing national guidelines, ensuring continuing medical education for doctors and regulating over the counter sale of antibiotics are highly recommended.

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