scholarly journals Review of vision screening referrals in children

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alma Kurent ◽  
Dragica Kosec
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity

Background: Childhood vision screening is aimed at the detection of reduced vision due to amblyopia, thus enabling early diagnosis and timely intervention. The purpose of the study was to review the demographics and visual parameters of children referred to the ophthalmologist at Community Health Centre Ljubljana from Slovenian community-based vision screening program and define the visual outcome after treatment in children with amblyopia. Methods: Retrospective medical records review of children referred from community-based vision screening program for further assessment. Medical records were reviewed to determine findings from ophthalmic assessments, treatment received, and visual acuity at the final visit. The main outcome measures were the cause of visual impairment and the visual acuity at the final follow-up visit. Results: From 439 children (mean age 7.3 +/- 3.7 years) referred from community-based vision screening program, 75 children (17%; mean age 5.3 +/- 2.6 years) had amblyopia and received treatment. They had amblyogenic refractive error (3.67 +/- 2.44 diopters of sphere and 1.86 +/- 1.23 diopters of astigmatism) with uncorrected visual acuity on average 0.32 +/- 0.28 logMAR in the worse eye. Visual outcomes after treatment were good with a visual acuity of 0.04 +/- 0.07 logMAR in the worse eye, 60% of them had a visual acuity of 0.00 logMAR (40/40). Conclusion: Children with amblyopia in the presented clinical sample were mostly diagnosed and treated before the school-age. These children showed significant improvement in visual acuity in the amblyopic eye.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Findings of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among the Schoolchildren in Hatta Region of the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salam Chettian Kandi ◽  
Hayat Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia pose a major problem affecting schoolchildren. We had previously observed that many schoolchildren in the Hatta region presented to the ophthalmology clinic with uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia, which led us to undertake this research. As per the WHO, the term “visual impairment” can be “low vision” or “blindness.” Based on the presenting vision, “low vision” is defined for children who have vision of &#x3c;6/18 to 3/60 or having visual field loss to &#x3c;20° in the better-seeing eye. Children defined to have “blindness” have presenting vision of &#x3c;3/60 or corresponding visual field of &#x3c;10°. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To estimate the magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia among the schoolchildren aged 6–19 years and to assess the efficacy of school-based refractive error screening programs in the Hatta region of the United Arab Emirates. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the entire student population studying in the government schools of the region. Those who failed the Snellen visual acuity chart test and those who were wearing spectacles were evaluated comprehensively by the researcher in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hatta Hospital. Data were entered in the Refractive Error Study in School Children (RESC) eye examination form recommended by the WHO, and were later transferred to Excel sheets and analyzed by SPSS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 1,591 students were screened and evaluated from the end of 2016 to mid-2017. About 21.37% (<i>n</i> = 340) had impaired vision with 20.9% (<i>n</i> = 333) refractive errors, of which 58% were uncorrected. Among the refractive error group, 19% (64 subjects) had amblyopia (4% of total students). The incidence of low vision was 9.5% and blindness was 0.38%. Low vision was found to be 9.5% and blindness 0.38%, taking in to account presenting visual acuity rather than best-corrected visual acuity for defining low vision and blindness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A significant number of students were detected to have uncorrected refractive errors among the vision impaired group (59%, <i>n</i> = 197) despite a school-based vision screening program in place. Seventy-eight percent of the amblyopia cases (<i>n</i> = 50) were found to be in the 11–19 years age group. Noncompliance with optical corrections was the reason for the high number of cases. A rigorous vision screening program and refractive services, complimented with awareness among parents and teachers, are recommended.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Outcomes of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Ebenezer Zaabaar ◽  
Frank Assiamah ◽  
Michael Agyemang Kwarteng ◽  
Kofi Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity

Background: The growing middle-class population of Ghana has seen more people being employed in visually demanding occupations  and hence there is an increased desire for quality post-cataract surgical visual outcomes. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) among Ghanaians. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which records of patients who underwent MSCIS or phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 248 eyes were reviewed, out of which 132 underwent PHACO and 116 had MSICS. A significant number of the  PHACO group had good (6/6–6/18) uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) compared to the MSICS group at 1–2 weeks follow-up (p = 0.003) and 4–6 weeks follow-up (p = 0.002). MSICS resulted in a higher total astigmatic change compared to PHACO (p < 0.001). The PHACO grouphad a higher number of postoperative complications compared with the MSICS group (p <0.001). Postoperative borderline and poor  uncorrected visual acuity were associated with age, total astigmatic change, and postoperative complications. Conclusion: The postoperative UCVA outcomes at 4–6 weeks’ follow-up indicates that PHACO resulted in noticeably less spectacle dependency when compared to MSICS.

scholarly journals Community-Based Hearing and Vision Screening in Schools in Low-Income Communities Using Mobile Health Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Michelle Manus ◽  
Jeannie van der Linde ◽  
Hannah Kuper ◽  
Renate Olinger ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Health Technologies

Introduction Globally, more than 50 million children have hearing or vision loss. Most of these sensory losses are identified late due to a lack of systematic screening, making treatment and rehabilitation less effective. Mobile health (mHealth), which is the use of smartphones or wireless devices in health care, can improve access to screening services. mHealth technologies allow lay health workers (LHWs) to provide hearing and vision screening in communities. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate a hearing and vision school screening program facilitated by LHWs using smartphone applications in a low-income community in South Africa. Method Three LHWs were trained to provide dual sensory screening using smartphone-based applications. The hearScreen app with calibrated headphones was used to conduct screening audiometry, and the Peek Acuity app was used for visual acuity screening. Schools were selected from low-income communities (Gauteng, South Africa), and children aged between 4 and 9 years received hearing and vision screening. Screening outcomes, associated variables, and program costs were evaluated. Results A total of 4,888 and 4,933 participants received hearing and vision screening, respectively. Overall, 1.6% of participants failed the hearing screening, and 3.6% failed visual acuity screening. Logistic regression showed that female participants were more likely to pass hearing screening ( OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.11, 2.54]), while older children were less likely to pass visual acuity screening ( OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.79, 0.96]). A third (32.5%) of referred cases followed up for air-conduction threshold audiometry, and one in four (25.1%) followed up for diagnostic vision testing. A high proportion of these cases were confirmed to have hearing (73.1%, 19/26) or vision loss (57.8%, 26/45). Conclusions mHealth technologies can enable LHWs to identify school-age children with hearing and/or vision loss in low-income communities. This approach allows for low-cost, scalable models for early detection of sensory losses that can affect academic performance.

scholarly journals Is Prematurity a Risk Factor for Refractive Errors in Children? Results from School Vision Screening Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 2380-2383
Author(s):  
Kajal Seema Sukumaran ◽  
Jayalekshmi Thankamma ◽  
Prasenna Meleaveetil ◽  
Kavitha Syamala
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Preterm Group

BACKGROUND The prevalence of refractive errors is reported to be higher in children born preterm. Factors like gestational age, birth weight and retinopathy of prematurity status have a significant impact on the refractive development in preterm infants. Population based long term follow up studies on the refractive status in preterm infants are limited. We designed this study to assess whether prematurity is a risk factor for refractive errors in children. METHODS This study was conducted among children aged 5 - 16 years who participated in the school vision screening program over a period of one year. All children underwent detailed ocular examination including measurement of best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction and fundoscopy. Visual acuity was assessed using an internally illuminated Snellen’s chart at 6 meters. Objective refraction by streak retinoscopy after instilling 1 % cyclopentolate eye drops was done in all children with visual acuity ≤ 6 / 9. Children were divided into two groups based on their gestational age at birth - preterm group and full-term group. Preterm birth was defined as childbirth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Children were enrolled in the study only if the hospital birth document showing gestational age and birth weight was available. Children with co-existing organic disease affecting the eye contributing to the diminished visual acuity such as congenital cataract, glaucoma, and corneal opacities were excluded from the study. Those who had undergone any ocular surgery were also excluded. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and ninety-five children were enrolled in the study of which 700 (54.1 %) were boys and 595 (45.9 %) were girls. Median age of the enrolled children was 12 years. The number of pre-term births was 287 (22.2 %). Of the 1295 students screened, 273 (21 %) had refractive errors. Among the children with refractive errors, astigmatism was the most common refractive error (10.6 %), followed by myopia (8.5 %) and hypermetropia (1.9 %). Refractive errors were statistically more prevalent in preterm group (34.1 %), when compared with term born children (17.3 %), p = < 0.001. Compared to the term born children, preterm group had significantly higher prevalence of myopia; 16.4 % vs 6.3 % (p = < 0.001) and astigmatism; 15.3 % vs 9.3% (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hypermetropia among the two groups; 2.4 vs. 1.8 (p = 0.477). CONCLUSIONS There is strong association between prematurity and refractive errors. These findings prompt long term monitoring of the refractive and visual outcome in preterm infants for diagnosing refractive errors at the earliest. This helps to prevent the consequent amblyopia and the ensuing permanent visual function deficits. KEYWORDS Prematurity, Refractive Error, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of hearing and vision loss in preschool children from low income South African communities: results of a screening program of 10,390 children

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Eksteen ◽  
Robert H. Eikelboom ◽  
Hannah Kuper ◽  
Stefan Launer ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
South African ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
African Community

Abstract Background The majority of children with sensory impairments live in low- and middle-income countries. More studies of hearing and vision impairment prevalence are needed, in order to generate more accurate estimates of trends in sensory impairments. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and describe the characteristics of hearing and vision loss among preschool children (4–7 years) in an underserved South African community following community-based mobile health (mHealth) supported hearing and vision services. Methods A screening program of sensory impairments was undertaken of children attending preschools in the communities of Khayelitsha and Mitchell’s Plain, Cape Town, from September 2017 until June 2019. Hearing and vision screening were done by trained community health workers using mHealth technology. Children who failed hearing and vision screening were seen for follow-up assessments at their preschools. Follow-up assessments were conducted using smartphones that host point-of-care validated and calibrated hearing and vision testing applications (hearTest app, hearX Group, South Africa and PeekAcuity app, Peek Vision, United Kingdom). Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted after extracting data from a secure cloud-based server (mHealth Studio, hearX Group) to Microsoft Excel (2016). Results A total of 10,390 children were screened at 298 preschools over 22 months. Of the children screened, 5.6 and 4.4% of children failed hearing and vision screening respectively. Community-based follow-up hearing tests were done at the preschools on 88.5% (514) of children of whom 240 children (54.2% female) presented with hearing loss. A preschool-based follow-up vision test was done on 400 children (88.1%). A total of 232 children (46.1% female) had a vision impairment, and a further 32 children passed the test but had obvious signs of ocular morbidity. Logistic regression analysis found that age was a significant predictor of vision loss (p < 0.05), but not for hearing loss (p = 0.06). Gender was not a significant predictor of hearing (p = 0.22) or vision loss (p = 0.20). Conclusions Hearing loss is prevalent in at least 22 per 1000 and vision loss in at least 23 per 1000 preschool children in an underserved South African community. Timely identification of sensory losses can be facilitated through community-based hearing and vision services supported by mHealth technology.

Use of new-generation hybrid contact lenses for managing challenging corneas

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212094275
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli ◽  
Elif Erdem ◽  
Puren Isik ◽  
Meltem Yagmur ◽  
Reha Ersoz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Manifest Refraction ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Generation Hybrid ◽  
Irregular Astigmatism

Introduction: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of new-generation hybrid contact lenses (HCL) among patients with irregular astigmatism. Methods: Medical records of 25 patients fit with new-generation HCL (Eyebrid® and AirFlex®) were retrospectively reviewed. The data collected included etiology of irregular astigmatism, uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, spectacle-corrected visual acuity (S-CDVA), steep / flat keratometric values, corneal astigmatism, records of rigid / soft CL fitted before HCL, all parameters of the trial lenses, and the final prescribed HCL parameters and HCL-CDVA. Results: The study included 34 eyes from 25 patients (nine females and 16 males) with an average age of 29 ± 13 (ranging from 8–56) years. In total, 25 eyes with keratoconus, four with post - keratoplasty astigmatism, three with irregular astigmatism due to corneal trauma and two with residual astigmatism after radial keratotomy were fit with HCL. The mean S-CDVA (logMAR) improved significantly from 0.76 ± 0.41 to 0.14 ± 0.15 with HCL ( p < 0.01). The most common indication for HCL was inability to fit with rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses (22 eyes). The average number of lenses to successful fit was 1.4 (mode, 1; median, 1) and ideal fit was achieved with the first trial lens in 25 eyes (73%). Seven patients (nine eyes, 36%) discontinued lens use within the first 6 months because of discomfort (six eyes, 24%), ocular allergy (two eyes, 8%) and tearing of contact lens (one eye, 4%). Discussion: New-generation HCL may be a suitable option for fitting challenging corneas with irregular astigmatism that cannot be rehabilitated efficiently with rigid lenses.

scholarly journals Xtra focus pinhole IOL (Morchers GMBH) a novel approach to tackle irregular astigmatism and large pupillary defects with a single step surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e228902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Agarwal ◽  
Samuel Edward Navon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Scar ◽  
History Of

A 69-year-old patient presented to us with traumatic mydriasis with irregular pupil measuring 7 mm, with superior loss of iris tissue and large inferior peripheral iridotomy and pseudophakia. The patient had history of blunt trauma 3 years ago in a fire cracker injury. He was operated elsewhere primarily after the trauma for cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and had suboptimal visual outcome with glare and photophobia. He presented to us with irregular pupil and inferior iridectomy with pseudophakia. The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/150 improving to 20/50 with glasses. He had a history of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation done elsewhere several years back. The patient was not a diabetic or hypertensive. There was a para central corneal scar causing irregular corneal astigmatism. Extra focus pinhole IOL was implanted in sulcus having a pinhole aperture 1.36 mm. Preoperative total corneal higher-order aberrations were 3.3 µ and total corneal coma was 0.97 µ. Postoperatively uncorrected distance visual acuity improved to 20/40 intermediate uncorrected visual acuity improved to 20/30 and uncorrected near visual acuity was J3.

scholarly journals Reduced Vision and Refractive Errors, Results from a School Vision Screening Program in Kanchanpur district of Far Western Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
S Awasthi ◽  
B P Pant ◽  
H P Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
School Screening ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
And Gender

Background At present there is no data available on reduced vision and refractive errors in school children of far western Nepal. So, school screening records were used to obtain data useful for planning of refractive services. Methods Data are provided from school screening conducted by Geta Eye Hospital during February/March 2008. The cases with complete data sets on visual acuity, refractive error and age were included and analyzed using computer software. Results Of 1165 children (mean age 11.6±2.5 years) examined, 98.8% (n= 1151) had uncorrected visual acuity of 6/9 and better in at least one eye whereas 1.2% (n= 14) had acuity 6/12 and worse in both eyes. Among them, either eye of 9 children improved to 6/9 and better with correction. However, visual acuity was 6/12 and worse in both eyes of 5 children even after correction. There were 24 children with refractive errors (myopia, 1.54%; n= 18 and hypermetropia, 0.51%; n=6) in at least one eye. The spherical equivalent refraction was not significantly different with age and gender. ConclusionsThe incidence of reduced vision and refractive errors among school children of this semi rural district were low.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6233 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):370-4 

scholarly journals Risk factors that associated with visual outcome of community based cataract surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Hera Dwi Novita ◽  
Eka Rahmawati Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quality Of Surgery ◽  
Vitreous Prolapse ◽  
Male Patients

Background: Cataract is one of the leading cause of blindness in Indonesia and worldwide. Meanwhile the ability to carry out cataract surgery was not balanced by the increasing of cataract backlog of ± 70,000 per year. In addition to increase the number of cataract operations, it is very important to maintain the quality of surgery results by auditing the result of surgery. This study aims to evaluate post-operative visual acuity in social services organized by the Cataract Blindness Prevention Section of IOA Malang Branch in 2015-2017.Methods: This study is a retrospective study based on medical record data of cataract patients underwent cataract surgery at a social service organized by the Cataract Blindness Prevention Section of IOA Malang Branch in January 2015 - December 2017 period. Data collected included demographic data, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, type cataract surgery, and intraoperative complications.Results: Cataract surgery carried out from 2015-2017 was 1,662 surgeries with 965 male patients (58.06%). Visual acuity before surgery was 1/300 in 583 patients (35.08%). The most cataract surgery procedure performed was SICS (60.17%). Vitreous prolapse was the most common complication found. There was a significant association between age and type of cataract surgery, with postoperative vision (p <0.05, α = 5%). From the analysis, the progress of post-operative visual acuity was found in 85.93% of patients and the results were significant (p <0.05, α = 5%).Conclusions: Cataract surgery may provide significant visual improvement that elevates vision and quality of life for patients.

scholarly journals Visual Outcome in Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rafio Soomro ◽  
Fayaz Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Munawar Hussain ◽  
Abdul Qadeem Soomro ◽  
Nazia Qidwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
P Value ◽  
Postoperative Endophthalmitis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
Pars Plana

Purpose: To determine the visual outcomes in patients undergoing pars plana-vitrectomy (PPV) for acute postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Al- Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Malir, Karachi for a period of 2 years.Material and Methods: Thirty-three patients were selected using non-probability convenient sampling technique.Patients with acute postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery diagnosed clinically and on B-scan, withvisual acuity of only perception of light were included while patients with better visual acuity and any other typesof endophthalmitis were excluded. PPV was performed in all cases and the patients were examined postoperativelyon 1st day, 3rd day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after surgery. During these follow ups, visual acuity wasrecorded, detailed slit lamp and fundus examination was performed. Using SPSS version 20.0, chi-square testwas applied to test for significance keeping p-value of < 0.05 as significant.Results: Out of 33 patients 19 (57.6%) were males and 14 (42.4%) were females. Mean age of the patients was54.50 ± 14.14 years. On 1st post-operative day 8 patients (24.2%) showed improvement of visual acuity fromperception of light to finger counting while 02 (6.1%) patients reported visual acuity of 6/60. On final visit at 3rdweek postoperatively, 19 patients (57.6%) had visual acuity of finger counting, 08 patients (24.2%) had handmovement and 06 (18.2%) patients reported a visual acuity of 6/60.Conclusion: PPV for acute post-cataract endophthalmitis results in favourable outcomes in terms of visual acuity.

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