scholarly journals New Challenges in the United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
American Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Professors ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Private Colleges And Universities

Academic freedom in American higher education evolves in curious and often unpredictable ways. For those who teach at public or state-supported institutions, the courts play a major role in defining the scope of such freedom. For faculty at independent or private colleges and universities, whose policies are seldom subject to court review, standards are provided by organizations such as the American Association of University Professors. Some faculties at institutions of both types may also be protected by collective bargaining agreements. After a decade or so with relatively few critical tests of the rights and liberties of US scholars, the past year or two has brought academic freedom to the fore in dramatic fashion. Three current tests merit special attention: the cases of John Yoo, William Robinson, and Ward Churchill.

scholarly journals Removing Faculty: Patterns and Processes of Retrenchment and Restructuring

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110584
Author(s):  
Timothy Reese Cain ◽  
Erin A. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Due Process ◽  
American Association ◽  
Faculty Roles ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Patterns And Processes

This article uses 30 years of investigatory and special reports by the American Association of University Professors’ Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure to understand how retrenchment and restructuring practices have been enacted on ways detrimental to both individual and the corporate faculty. Informed by changes in the logics in higher education and broader understandings of retrenchment, we identified larger patterns of where retrenchment and restructuring in violation of academic norms took place. We further identified three main themes in the reports: Declaring Exigency and / or Launching Restructuring, Faculty Roles and Rights during Retrenchment/Restructuring, and Criteria Used in Removing Faculty. Together, they demonstrate how faculty were excluded from decisions to declare financial exigency or undertake restructuring, denied meaningful roles in enacting changes once exigency or restructuring had been announced, were targeted for removal in violation of tenure rights, and were denied academic due process.

The Ambiguities of Academic Freedom

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
American Association ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Lafayette College ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Religious Dimensions

While most of the cases that led to the founding of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) in 1915 had to do with firings of professors who had championed controversial political views, the AAUP founders were also concerned about dismissals on religious grounds. One case especially, that of Lafayette College, is particularly revealing not only of the character of the religious issues involved but also of the attitudes toward religion of those who defined what became the standard twentieth-century American concepts of academic freedom. Reflections on the religious dimensions of the construction of academic freedom in America also have important implications for religiously oriented higher education and scholarship today.

Faculty Mentoring Programs: Reenvisioning Rather Than Reinventing the Wheel

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene F. Zellers ◽  
Valerie M. Howard ◽  
Maureen A. Barcic
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Faculty Mentoring ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Practice

In this review, the authors trace the evolution of mentoring programs in the United States in business and academe, provide insight on the challenges associated with the study of mentoring, and identify the limited research-based studies of faculty mentoring programs that currently inform our understanding of this professional development practice in American higher education. The findings indicate that the sophistication of research has not advanced over the past decade. However, evidence does suggest that academe should be cautious in overgeneralizing the findings of studies conducted in corporate cultures. Although mentoring is recognized to be contextual, only recently have investigators considered the impact of organizational culture on the effectiveness of corporate mentoring programs. More rigorous investigation of this practice in higher education is warranted. As more studies point to the need to foster an employment culture that supports mentoring, understanding faculty mentoring programs within the context of their academic cultures is critical.

The Case for Cleaning House: Sidney Hook and the Ethics of Academic Freedom during the McCarthy Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
American Association ◽  
New York University ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Mccarthy Era ◽  
Key Players ◽  
The University

Sidney Hook set the terms of debate on Communism, higher education, and academic freedom in the postwar United States. His view that Communists lacked the independence necessary for teaching and research—a view forged in the heated debates of New York City's radical left in the 1930s—provided the rationale for firing Communist professors across the country in the late 1940s and 1950s. Relying on close readings of underutilized archival sources, this article explores the development of Hook's thinking, charts his impact on key players in the period's higher education establishment (such as philosopher John Dewey and the American Association of University Professors), and outlines the way his writings helped lead to faculty dismissals at the University of Washington and New York University. The article also highlights the work of students and professors who challenged Hook's anti-Communist position, revealing a rich and often neglected mid-century discourse on academic freedom.

scholarly journals Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
American Universities ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Problems

Over the past quarter century, dozens of entrepreneurs, academics, clerics, and politicians around the world have established private colleges that brandish the American name. This surge of activity has irritated the historic standard-bearers of American higher education overseas, who worry that bad faith imposters will sully their hard-earned individual and collective reputations. This article describes the challenges posed by coattail riders and identifies other common problems among independent American universities abroad.

scholarly journals Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad

2018 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
American Universities ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Problems

Over the past quarter century, dozens of entrepreneurs, academics, clerics, and politicians around the world have established private colleges that brandish the American name. This surge of activity has irritated the historic standard-bearers of American higher education overseas, who worry that bad faith imposters will sully their hard-earned individual and collective reputations. This article describes the challenges posed by coattail riders and identifies other common problems among independent American universities abroad.

scholarly journals Dear Professor, Be Careful with Those Tweets, OK? Academic Freedom and Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Gloria C. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
American Association ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTAs faculty members, we rely on academic freedom to protect us as we teach, engage in scholarly research, and live as citizens of a community. The American Association of University Professors is the accepted authority in matters of academic freedom, and its guidelines explain protections in teaching, research, and extramural utterances. This article argues that the characteristics of social media and the concerns of academic institutions about their reputation have created an atmosphere that make extramural utterances more vulnerable and riskier than in the past. Some institutions even monitor the social media postings of faculty members and act on such postings, openly criticizing and even disavowing or punishing them for their utterances. I consider these issues and make a modest proposal that may improve the environment for extramural utterances by faculty members.

scholarly journals Transforming Higher Education

New India ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 179-204
Author(s):  
Arvind Panagariya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Private Colleges And Universities

Thanks to the rapid expansion of private colleges and universities, India has been able to raise gross enrollment ratios in higher education at a satisfactory pace during the last twenty years. There has not been similar success in raising the quality of higher education, however. India has no universities in the top one hundred in any international rankings, particularly lagging behind in social sciences and humanities. This chapter argues that the key bottleneck is the highly centralized governance system flowing from the archaic University Grants Commission (UGC) Act of 1956. Drawing on the experiences of the United States, United Kingdom, and China, this chapter suggests a complete overhaul of the system, giving autonomy to colleges and universities in all matters and establishing an accreditation system that would evaluate all institutions, with better-performing institutions receiving a larger volume of government funds. Institutions will also be freed to raise their own resources.

The Early Years of the Jewish Presence at the University of Illinois

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-245
Author(s):  
Winton U. Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

For over two centuries, the College was the characteristic form of higher education in the United States, and the College was closely allied to the church in a predominantly Protestant land. The university became the characteristic form of American higher education starting in the late nineteenth Century, and universities long continued to reflect the nation's Protestant culture. By about 1900, however, Catholics and Jews began to enter universities in increasing numbers. What was the experience of Jewish students in these institutions, and how did authorities respond to their appearance? These questions will be addressed in this article by focusing on the Jewish presence at the University of Illinois in the early twentieth Century. Religion, like a red thread, is interwoven throughout the entire fabric of this story.

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