scholarly journals Sexualidad y disidencia en la obra de Fernando Arrabal

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-554
Author(s):  
Domingo Pujante González

En este artículo pretendemos analizar la presencia y la importancia de las sexualidades no normativas, o que escapan a la función reproductora, en la obra de Fernando Arrabal, autor español, nacido en Melilla en 1932, “desterrado” en París, donde vive desde 1955. El trabajo está dividido en tres partes: en la primera, expondremos la relación que existe entre Eros y Thanatos para dilucidar las relaciones que se establecen entre erotismo y pulsión de muerte, entre amor y sufrimiento en su obra; en la segunda parte, abordaremos el Deseo homosexual para exponer los aspectos narcisistas y sadomasoquistas del mismo que aparecen en la creación arrabaliana; en la última parte, titulada Placeres fálicos, nos centraremos en ciertas prácticas sexuales como la masturbación o la felación para mostrar el valor simbólico y “pánico” que adquieren en la producción del autor. Constataremos que Arrabal, como autor comprometido, pretende desprenderse de la represión que los regímenes autoritarios ejercen sobre las personas que expresan una sexualidad disidente. Para ilustrar nuestra tesis, nos serviremos principalmente de obras “pánicas” de los años 1960 y 1970. In this article, we aim to analyse the presence and the importance of non-normative sexualities, those which escape the reproductive function, in Fernando Arrabal’s work, a Spanish author, born in Melilla in 1932, exiled in Paris where he has lived since 1955. The work is divided into three parts: first, we will expose the existing link between Eros and Thanatos in order to elucidate the association that is established between eroticism and death pulsion, and between love and suffering in his work; then, we will approach the Homosexual Desire in order to expose the narcissistic and sadomasochistic aspects of this fascination which appear in Arrabal’s creation; finally, in the third part entitled Phallic Pleasures, we will focus on some sexual practices such as masturbation and fellatio to show the symbolic and “panic” value that they acquire in the creation of the author. Thus, we will prove that Arrabal, as a committed author, is trying to get rid of the repression that authoritarian regimes exert on people expressing dissident sexuality. To illustrate our remarks, we will mainly use “panic” works from the 1960s and 1970s. Dans cet article, nous envisageons d’analyser la présence et l’importance des sexualités non normatives, celles qui échappent à la fonction reproductrice, dans l’œuvre de Fernando Arrabal, auteur espagnol, né à Melilla en 1932, exilé à Paris où il habite depuis 1955. Le travail est divisé en trois parties: d’abord, nous exposerons le lien existant entre Eros et Thanatos afin d’élucider les relations qui s’établissent entre l’érotisme et la pulsion de mort, entre l’amour et la souffrance dans son œuvre; ensuite, nous aborderons le Désir homosexuel en vue d’exposer les aspects narcissiques et sadomasochistes de cette fascination qui apparaissent dans la création arrabalienne; enfin, dans la troisième partie intitulée Plaisirs phalliques, nous nous centrerons sur certaines pratiques sexuelles telles que la masturbation et la fellation pour montrer la valeur symbolique et “panique” qu’elles acquièrent dans la création de l’auteur. Ainsi, nous constaterons qu’Arrabal, en tant qu’auteur engagé, essaie de se débarrasser de la répression que les régimes autoritaires exercent sur les personnes exprimant une sexualité dissidente. Pour illustrer nos propos, nous nous servirons essentiellement des œuvres “paniques” des années 1960 et 1970.   

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
L. Rybakovskiy

The evolution of views on the migration of the population as a single whole, representing not only the territorial movement, but also including the necessary actions and actions preceding this resettlement and its completion is cosidered. The emergence of these views, transformed into a theory of the three stages of the migration process, refers to the last decades of the nineteenth century. They were voiced almost simultaneously in the UK and in Russia. The revival of the theory of the three stages of the migration process under Soviet conditions dates back to the 60s of the 20th century. At first, the development of migration thought went on its own in three directions. The study of migration flows, their geography, structure, and methods of measurement was carried out most extensively. The next direction in the study of population migration is associated with the rapid development in those years of sociological theory, which found its refraction in the migration sphere, which allowed the creation of a theory of migratory behavior at the junction of the 1960s and 1970s. The third direction of the formation of the theory of the three stages of the migration process was research on the survival of new settlers in places of introduction and the associated creation there of a permanent population. The combination of research results in these three areas made it possible to formulate the main theses of the theory of the three stages of the migration process. The article shows that the migration process consists of three parts, one of which precedes the act of resettlement, the second represents the actual migration of the population and the third occurs immediately after the completion of the act of resettlement in places where migrants migrate. Mobility, migration itself, as well as adaptation, are all consistently linked stages of a single process. The contribution of Russian scientists to the creation of this theory and the differences that are encountered in contemporary literature in the interpretation of individual stages of the migration process are shown in the work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.


2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dragomir

This article discusses Romania's role in the creation of the Soviet bloc's Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in January 1949. The article explains why Romanian leaders, with Soviet approval, proposed the creation of the CMEA and why the proposal was adopted. An analysis of Romania's support for the creation of the CMEA sheds interesting light on the stance taken by Romania in the 1960s and 1970s against the Soviet Union's attempts to use the CMEA in forging a supranational division of labor in the Soviet bloc. Romania's opposition was largely in accord with the objectives originally envisaged by Romanian leaders when the CMEA was formed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Surovell

In their assessments during the 1960s and 1970s of the state of affairs of Third World “revolutionary democracies” and nations that had taken the “non-capitalist road to development,” the Soviets employed a mode of analysis based on the “correlation of forces.” Given the seeming successes of these “revolutionary democracies” and the appearance of new ones, Moscow was clearly heartened by the apparent tilt in favor of the Soviets and of “progressive” humanity more generally. These apparently positive trends were reflected in Soviet perspectives and policies on the Third World, which focused confidently on such “progressive” regimes. Nonetheless, so-called “reactionary” regimes continued to be a thorn in the side of Soviet policy makers. This study offers a fresh examination of the Soviet analyses of, and policies towards three “reactionary” Third-World regimes: the military dictatorship in Brazil, the Pinochet dictatorship of Chile, and Iran during the reign of the Shah. The article reveals that Soviet decision makers and analysts identified the state sector as the central factor in the “progressive” development of the Third World. Hence the state sector became the focal point for their analyses and the touchstone for Soviet policies; the promotion of the state sector was regarded as a key to the Soviet objective of promoting the “genuine independence” of Third World countries from imperialist domination.


1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Mouzelis

Despite marked geographical and sociocultural differences, Greece and the two major southern-cone Latin American countries share a significant number of characteristics which distinguish them from most other peripheral and semiperipheral societies. Although they began industralisation late and failed to industrialise fully in the last century, all three countries managed to develop an important infrastructure (roads, railways) during the second half of the nineteenth century, and they achieved a notable degree of industrialisation in the years following each of the two world wars. Moreover, until the beginning of the nineteenth century, all three countries were subjugated parts of huge patrimonial empires (the Ottoman and the Iberian) and thus had never experienced the absolutist past of western and southern European societies. Finally, all three acquired their political independence in the early nineteenth century and very soon adopted parliamentary forms of political rule; and despite the constant malfunctioning of their representative institutions, relatively early urbanisation and the creation of a large urban middle class provided a framework within which bourgeois parliamentarism took strong roots and showed remarkable resilience. It persisted, albeit intermittently, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the rise of military bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes in the 1960s and 1970s and, as the Greek and Argentinian cases suggest, such regimes do not necessarily entail the irreversible decline of parliamentary democracy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Anna Delius

This article explores how repression and everyday conflicts at the workplace were connected with labor rights and trade unionism in two authoritarian regimes. It focuses on worker and labor activists’ media in Francoist Spain and in state socialist Poland during the years 1965–68 and 1977–79, respectively. Spanish and Polish workers both lacked the right to join and form independent trade unions, the right to free assembly and association, and the right to strike. At the same time, they faced comparable problems in their everyday working lives, including low salaries, excessive overtime, incompetent management, and deficits in safety and hygiene standards. In this context, (illegal) magazines for workers emerged. They provided new arenas for exchanging experiences, advertised strike actions all across the country, called for united action, and explained national legislation and global labor norms. Based on an analysis of Spanish and Polish workers’ publications, this contribution investigates how labor activists in these states addressed day-to-day problems and the constant violations of internationally binding labor norms.


1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Oldenburg

Corruption—like the weather—is a phenomenon people in the third world talk about a great deal, and, it would seem, do little about. Scholars of political change in the third world share this interest, but—although they are usually not expected to deal with corruption itself —they should move beyond the recounting of vivid anecdotes to a more systematic analysis of the problem. Steps in this direction were made in the 1960s and 1970s, but surprisingly little more work has been done since.


Aspasia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-164
Author(s):  
Amy E. Randall

This article introduces the translated pamphlet For the Father of a Newborn by contextualizing it in Soviet medical efforts to deploy men as allies in safeguarding reproduction and bolstering procreation in the 1960s and 1970s. It examines the pamphlet as an illustration of how doctors and other health personnel tried to educate men to protect their wives’ pregnancy and the health of their wives and newborns in the postpartum period, and it considers the implications of these initiatives for women’s bodies, gender norms, sexual practices, models of masculinity, and the socialist goal of promoting women’s equality.


Author(s):  
Karolina Karbownik

The music media have constructed the identity of groupies as sexual and passive objects, submissive, inauthentic consumers of music. The stereotype, although still present in popular culture, is criticized by both the interested parties and rock artists. This article is an attempt to discuss the role that groupies played in the creation of the myth and character of the rock god, while taking into account the preconceived assumptions held by the popular media. Narratives of groupies’ participation in the emerging rock and metal scene have also been included as the ones which created a male rock musician identity: wild, aggressive and powerful. The basis for the discussion of groupies and their role in building identity in the context of rock music is the result of a deep, rhetorical analysis of groupies’ biographies, press materials, films, scientific literature and own research.


Author(s):  
Marc R. Del Bigio ◽  
N. Barry Rewcastle

AbstractWe describe the evolution of neuropathology in Canada, beginning with William Osler who began working in Montréal in 1874 and finishing with the major period of expansion in the 1970s. Organized services began in the 1930s, in Montréal with the neurosurgeons Wilder Penfield and William Cone, and in Toronto with Eric Linell and Mary Tom, who both began their careers as neuroanatomists. Jerzy Olszewski and Gordon Mathieson, who trained in Montréal and Toronto, drove the creation of the CanadianAssociation of Neuropathologists in 1960. Training guided by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada was formalized in 1965, with the first certifying examination in 1968 and the subsequent creation of formal structured training programs. The number of neuropathologists in Canada increased rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s, with individuals coming from both clinical neuroscience and anatomic pathology backgrounds, a pattern that persists to the present day.


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