ANALISIS PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TERHADAP ANAK

All human beings are creatures of the one God. They are equal, regardless of cultural background. Therefore, they receive the same appreciation from God and that must be respected and glorified. Thus, discrimination based on gender, skin color, class, race, ethnicity, religion, and so on has no basis at all in the teachings of Tawhid. Only the level of taqwa to Allah is the measure of the difference. The concepts of biological and sociocultural differences between men and women view that biological differences between the two are considered natural, while social differences are considered cultural. Whatever the background of these differences, it is not a reason to justify each other because women have the same rights as men in all fields, including education, economy, social, culture, even law and defense and state security. Women deserve special rights. Women should have important roles as well as recognition in various aspects of life. Education for women is very important. Educating women is a fundamental and critical necessity, so they can play their role properly and correctly and give contribution as productive members of the society.

Law genesis: problems of methodology

The subject is related to the insufficient investigation of a general theoretical conception of the law genesis. The conception prevailing in Russian legal literature and proceeding from the inseparable connection between state and law genesis is weak in some aspects As a theoretical basis of this investigation the author uses the concept that regards a law genesis in the context of a world evolution. With this approach, the social factors of the emergence of law are preceded by natural factors of the same dimension, and the thesis about the emergence of law simultaneously with human society becomes the starting point in the study. As a result, the subject of the research acquires an interdisciplinary approach and includes the issues of nonlegal scientific disciplines, not only humanitarian (anthropology, ethnology, etc.), but also natural sciences (psychology, genetics of a behavior, etc.). The conclusion that the patterns of behavior development and the mechanisms of its regulation are formed at the natural stage of world evolution is of paramount importance. They arise in the form of reflexes and are then perceived by the merged norms of the custom-mononorm. The latter become a kind of connecting link in the transition from the natural mechanism of regulation of behavior to the social and from the preclass to the early class society regulation mechanism. Law genesis is considered in the article as a contradictory, multiaspect and multistage process with a natural and social content. Sociocultural differences between the countries of the West and the East led to the dissimilarity of the process of law genesis in both. In the first of them, with the victory of capitalism, law overcomes the phenomenon of fusion and appears in a pure form, while in the second, even today there are traditional relations and understanding of law, adequate to the preclass and early class era.

Sociocultural specifics of Russia’s regions: common features and differences

There is abundant evidence of the correlation between culture (or sociocultural characteristics, by which we mean here values and behavioral attitudes shared by a certain community and changing slowly over time) and economic and innovation development. At present most studies have been carried out at national level. At the same time, sociocultural differences within the countries with a large territory and significant socio-economic and ethnic diversity (Russia, in particular) are understudied. The subject of the research is the differences in socio-cultural characteristics between Russia’s regions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the presence or absence of differences in socio-cultural characteristics according to G.Hofstede between the regions of Russia. The empirical basis for the study is data from representative polls, collected by the Russian Venture Company and the Institute for National Projects in 14 regions in 2018–2020. Econometric analysis (ecological approach) and univariate disperse analysis shows the existence of sociocultural heterogeneity between Russian regions measured with Hofstede characteristics: individualism and power distance (more pronounced differences) and uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation (less pronounced differences). Statistical differences between regions in masculine dimension are non-existent. Regions tend to form sociocultural clusters that are not explained by geographic, socio-economic or ethnic factors separately. The results are useful for the analysis of sociocultural drivers and barriers for regional development, as well as for institutional design, raising efficiency of formal institutions by harmonizing them with regional culture.

Ethnic and Sociocultural Differences in Ovarian Reserve: Age-Specific Anti-Müllerian Hormone Values and Antral Follicle Count for Women of the Arabian Peninsula

BackgroundAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) age-specific reference values form the basis of infertility treatments, yet they were based upon studies performed primarily on Caucasian populations. However, they may vary across different age-matched ethnic populations. This study aimed to describe age-specific serum AMH and AFC for women native to the Arabian Peninsula.MethodsA retrospective large-scale study was performed including 2,495 women, aged 19 to 50 years, native to the Arabian Peninsula. AMH and AFC were measured as part of their fertility assessment at tertiary-care fertility centres. Age-specific values and nomograms were calculated.Results2,495 women were evaluated. Mean, standard deviation and median values were calculated for AMH and AFC by 1-year and 5-years intervals. Median age was 34.81 years, median AMH was 1.76ng/ml and median AFC was 11. From the total group, 40.60% presented with AMH levels below 1.3ng/mL. For women <45 years old, the decrease in AFC was between -0.6/-0.8 per year. Up to 36 years old, the decrease of AMH was 0.1ng/ml. However, from 36 to 40 years old, an accelerated decline of 0.23ng/ml yearly was noted. In keeping with local customs, 71.23% of women wore the hijab and 25.76% the niqab. AMH and AFC were significantly lower for niqab group compared with hijab group (p=0.02 and p=0.04, respectively).ConclusionThis is to-date the largest data set on age-specific AMH and AFC values in women from the Arabian Peninsula aiming to increase clinical awareness of the ovarian reserve in this population.

Specific nature of intercultural professional communication of members of Russian and Chinese legal cultures

The article dwells on specifi c nature of professional dialogue of Russian and Chinese lawyers with an emphasis on sociocultural differences arising in communication within the framework of intercultural legal space. The potential of the English language as a common code of communication for members of legal profession of the two states is analyzed. The author concludes that it is necessary to take into consideration sociocultural component in teaching lawyers intercultural professional communication.

EVALUATION OF A COVID-19 PATIENT ACCORDING TO MERLEY MISHEL'S UNCERTAINTY IN DISEASE THEORY: A CASE REPORT

The COVID-19 epidemic, which the World Health Organization regards as a "pandemic", continues to be perceived as a threat to survive for many people living in different parts of the world. The virus is a global epidemic; It affects everyone's lives negatively regardless of religion, language, race, gender, socioeconomic and sociocultural differences. Facing with a threat that develops suddenly, changes daily habits and can result in death is not a common situation for people, and the perception of threat and uncertainty it creates makes it difficult to cope with the situation. Uncertainty is an important part of the illness experience, and our response to uncertainty can significantly affect our illness outcomes. Mishel's Uncertainty Theory in Illness helps to find meaning in uncertainty again and to develop healthy coping mechanisms. The role of nurses in the management of uncertainty regarding illness; to facilitate the process and to adapt the patient to healthy reactions. In this case report; Within the scope of the Uncertainty in Illness Theory of Mishel, a 39-year-old nurse who was diagnosed with Covid 19 was planned to find a meaning in the disease again by planning the care process. It was stated that the theory can be applied in the acute illness as well as in the chronic illness.

The Elephant in the Classroom: Using YouTube Comments to Address the Essential but Unacknowledged Topic of Race

Drawing on critical race media theory, this praxis article describes how instructors can effectively introduce critical race literacy theory in a teacher education class using online videos. Ultimately, this study helps us to better understand how viewing YouTube videos and responding critically to YouTube user comments can help preservice teachers acknowledge and challenge their pre-existing beliefs related to teachers and students of color in a teacher education writing course. Data analysis reveals that preservice teachers’ idealism for compassionate teaching is embedded in a superficial understanding of sociocultural differences and lacks an understanding of how race affects student learning.

Searching for the erosion of empathy in medical undergraduate students: a longitudinal study

ObjectiveTo analyse the trajectory of empathy throughout the degree programme of medicine in a Spanish school of medicine.DesignLongitudinal, prospective 5-year study, between October 2014 and June 2019.SettingStudents from a Spanish university of medicine.ParticipantsTwo voluntary cohorts of undergraduate medical students from two different school years were invited to participate (n=135 (cohort 1, C1) and 106 (cohort 2, C2) per school year). Finally, a total number of 174 students (102 (C1, 71.6% women) and 72 (C2, 70.8% women) students, respectively) were monitored for 5 years. Each cohort was divided in two subcohorts of paired and unpaired students that were analysed to check possible social desirability bias.Primary outcome measureThe Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE).ResultsThe cohort of 102 students (C1) monitored between their first and fifth years of study (71.6% women) showed an improvement among paired women of 2.15 points in total JSE score (p=0.01) and 2.39 points in cognitive empathy (p=0.01); in the unpaired female cohort the increase was of 2.32 points (cognitive empathy) (p=0.02). The cohort of 72 students (C2) monitored between their second and sixth years of study (70.8% women) displayed a cognitive empathy increase of 2.32 points (p=0.04) in the paired group of women. There were no significant differences between paired and unpaired results for either cohort. Empathy scores among men did not decrease.ConclusionsThe empathy of medical students at our school did not decline along grade years. In fact, it improved slightly, particularly cognitive empathy, among women. This paper contributes to enlarge data from Europe, where longitudinal studies are scarce. It supports the idea that there may be global geo-sociocultural differences; however, more studies comparing different school settings are needed.

Sociocultural Change in Hungary

Although Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, it seems that it has not yet been able to catch up with its Western European neighbors socioeconomically. The reasons for this are numerous, including the fact that this former historical region (Kingdom of Hungary), today the sovereign state of Hungary, has a specific sociocultural image and attitude formed by various historical events. And the nature of these events can explain why Hungary’s economic development and overarching political narrative differ so markedly from Western Europe. The aim of this article is to present the unique location of Hungary in the context of Central and Eastern Europe, and to address such factors as urbanization and industrialization, migration, population, politics, economic development, and social values crisis. We argue that these factors, including the European status quo that emerged after 1945, have influenced the existing sociopolitical, socioeconomic, and sociocultural differences between Hungary and Western European EU states.