scholarly journals Un cómic ilustrativo sobre el tránsito intracelular de los virus.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Alemán-Iñiguez

El mecanismo de cómo los virus atraviesan las estructuras intracelulares son el modelo que ejemplifica el tránsito intracelular por el sistema de endomembranas, el mismo que es utilizado en la descripción de los diferentes aparatos intracelulares. El objetivo fue desarrollar un método didáctico que explique un mecanismo de la biología molecular, como lo es la tira cómica en el tránsito y la señalización intracelular de los virus. Se diseñó una historia cómica-ilustrativa donde una estructura viral es personificada por un espía encubierto, el eje fundamental de la trama es la obtención de las moléculas de información genética a nivel del núcleo, para ello tiene que pasar por los varios departamentos de la célula que representan las organelas intracitoplasmáticas con sus características funcionales, la secuencia obedece a la comunicación que tienen las diferentes organelas desde la membrana celular hasta el núcleo. La elaboración de comics o historietas pueden recrear eventos y fenómenos estudiados en las ciencias médicas como la biología, teniendo los siguientes resultados: aumentar el interés, la comprensión, la creatividad, la necesidad de conocimientos y generación de nuevas ideas en los estudiantes. El cómic es una herramienta didáctica útil en la enseñanza del tránsito intracelular a partir de la narración gráfica de un modelo viral que se transporta al interior de la célula. The mechanism of how viruses cross intracellular structures is the model that exemplifies intracellular transit through the endomembrane system, the same that is used in the description of the different intracellular apparatus. The objective was to develop a didactic method that explains a mechanism of molecular biology, such as the comic strip in the transit and intracellular signaling of viruses. A comic-illustrative story was designed where a viral structure is personified by an undercover spy, the fundamental axis of the plot is obtaining the genetic information molecules at the nucleus level, for this it has to go through the various departments of the cell that represent the intracytoplasmic organelles with their functional characteristics, the sequence obeys the communication that the different organelles have from the cell membrane to the nucleus. The development of comics or comics can recreate events and phenomena studied in medical sciences such as biology, having the following results: increase interest, understanding, creativity, the need for knowledge and generation of new ideas in students. The comic is a useful didactic tool in teaching intracellular transit from the graphic narration of a viral model that is transported inside the cell.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Alemán-Iñiguez

Introduction. The mechanism of how viruses cross intracellular structures is the model that exemplifies the intracellular transit through the endomembrane system, the same that is used in the teaching and description of the different intracellular apparatus and organelles. Objective. Develop a didactic method that explains a mechanism of molecular biology, such as the comic strip in the transit and intracellular signaling of viruses. Methodology. A comic-illustrative story was designed where a viral structure is personified by an undercover spy, the fundamental axis of the plot is obtaining the genetic information molecules at the nucleus level, for this it has to go through the various departments of the cell representing the intracellular and intracytoplasmic organelles with their functional characteristics, the sequence obeys the communication that the different organelles have from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Results. The development of comics or comics can recreate events and phenomena studied in medical sciences such as biology, having the following results: increase interest, understanding, creativity, the need for knowledge and generation of new ideas in students. Conclusion. The comic is a useful didactic tool in teaching intracellular transit from the graphic narration of a viral model that is transported inside the cell.


2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (9) ◽  
pp. 748-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Aliénor Véry ◽  
Manuel Nieves-Cordones ◽  
Meriem Daly ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Cécile Fizames ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey A Vereninov ◽  
Valentina Yurinskaya

Cation-coupled chloride cotransporters play a key role in generating the Cl− electrochemical gradient on the cell membrane which is important for regulation of many cellular processes. However, the cooperation of transporters and channels of the plasma membrane in holding the ionic homeostasis of the whole cell remains poorly characterized because of the lack of a suitable tool for its computation. Our software successfully predicted in real-time changes in the ion homeostasis of U937 cells after stopping the Na/K pump, but so far considered the model with only NC cotransporter. Here the model with all main types of cotransporters is used in computation of the rearrangements of ionic homeostasis due to stopping the pump and associated with the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of cells swollen in hypoosmolar medium. The parameters obtained for the real U937 cells are used. Successful prediction of changes in ion homeostasis in real-time after stopping the pump using the model with all major cotransporters indicates that the model is reliable. Using this model for analysis RVD showed that there is a "physical" RVD, associated with the time-dependent changes in electrochemical ion gradients, but not with alteration of channels and transporters of the plasma membrane that should be considered in studies of truly active regulatory processes mediated by the intracellular signaling network. The developed software can be useful for calculation of the balance of the partial unidirectional fluxes of monovalent ions across the cell membrane of various cells under various conditions.


1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
A. Koutoulis ◽  
M. Ludwig ◽  
R. Wetherbee

Monoclonal antibodies have been generated against cell surface components of the unicellular phytoflagellate Apedinella radians (Pedinellophyceae). One monoclonal antibody, designated Arg 1E5/1B1, labels a scale associated protein (SAP) of 145 kDa. Immunofluorescence microscopy of whole cells as well as immunoelectron microscopy of whole cell mounts and thin sections using Arg 1E5/1B1 have shown that the SAP is located on the proximal surface of body scales and spine-scales. Its specific location suggests that the SAP may play a role in the adhesion of these surface components to the cell membrane and/or to one another. The potential of monoclonal antibody Arg 1E5/1B1 as a tool to study cell surface morphogenesis and the role of the endomembrane system in A. radians is discussed.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel J. N. Ramos ◽  
David Faísca-Silva ◽  
João L. Coito ◽  
Jorge Cunha ◽  
Helena Gomes Silva ◽  
...  

SUMMARYRNA editing challenges the central dogma of molecular biology, by modifying the genetic information at the transcription level. Recent reports, suggesting increased levels of RNA editing in plants, raised questions on the nature and dynamics of such events during development. We here report the occurrence of distinct RNA editing patterns in wild Vitis flowers during development, with twelve possible RNA editing modifications observed for the first time in plants. RNA editing events are gender and developmental stage specific, identical in subsequent years of this perennial species and with distinct nucleotide frequencies neighboring editing sites on the 5’ and 3’ flanks. The transcriptome dynamics unveils a new regulatory layer responsible for gender plasticity enhancement or underling dioecy evolution in Vitis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. HEP22
Author(s):  
Jiuliang Yan ◽  
Binghai Zhou ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Qinghai Ye

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common liver malignancies and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Most HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and current treatments show poor therapeutic efficacy. It is particularly urgent to explore early diagnosis methods and effective treatments of HCC. There are a growing number of studies that show GOLM1 is one of the most promising markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. It is also involved in immune regulation, activation and degradation of intracellular signaling factors and promotion of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. GOLM1 can promote HCC progression and metastasis. The understanding of the GOLM1 regulation mechanism may provide new ideas for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of HCC.


Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 170077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schaefer ◽  
Utkarsh Kapoor ◽  
Michael F. Jantsch

The discovery of mechanisms that alter genetic information via RNA editing or introducing covalent RNA modifications points towards a complexity in gene expression that challenges long-standing concepts. Understanding the biology of RNA modifications represents one of the next frontiers in molecular biology. To this date, over 130 different RNA modifications have been identified, and improved mass spectrometry approaches are still adding to this list. However, only recently has it been possible to map selected RNA modifications at single-nucleotide resolution, which has created a number of exciting hypotheses about the biological function of RNA modifications, culminating in the proposition of the ‘epitranscriptome’. Here, we review some of the technological advances in this rapidly developing field, identify the conceptual challenges and discuss approaches that are needed to rigorously test the biological function of specific RNA modifications.


1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386
Author(s):  
Itaru WATANABE

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