La construcción del arquetipo norteamericano. La imagen cinematográfica y televisiva de Abraham Lincoln en los Estados Unidos

El legado histórico de Abraham Lincoln lo ha convertido probablemente en el presidente más importante de los Estados Unidos. Su defensa de la Unión, la abolición de la esclavitud y la Guerra Civil, lo han transformado en el líder esencial para comprender la América contemporánea. Por ello, Lincoln ha sido un referente en la historia del cine norteamericano. Desde las filmaciones tempranas hasta la actualidad, el decimosexto presidente ha constituido un arquetipo representacional asociado a los periodos históricos en los que su figura ha sido reconstruida, vinculada mayoritariamente a tiempos de crisis en los que se refrendaba su carácter mediador y su inteligencia política como modelos de afirmación norteamericana. Lincoln, que había sido capaz de unir y reconciliar a la nación en el periodo más crítico de su joven cronología, se convirtió en el modelo de construcción del mito norteamericano, cuya mención iluminó los periodos oscuros de la Depresión y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Cuando el país se convirtió en la potencia hegemónica, su figura evolucionó como memoria visual y referente ante los abusos de poder y a las políticas manipuladoras. The historical legacy of Abraham Lincoln has made him probably the most important U.S. president. His support of the Union, the abolition of slavery and the Civil War have made him the central figure of contemporary American understanding. That is why Lincoln has been a landmark in American film history. From early filming to the present day, the 16th President has been a representational archetype of the historical periods in which his figure has been reconstructed. A figure mainly linked to periods of crisis in which his mediating character and political intelligence were endorsed as models of American affirmation. Lincoln, who had been able to unite and reconcile the nation in the most critical period of its young chronology, became the model for the construction of the American myth. His mention shed light on the dark periods of depression and the Second World War. When his country became the world’s hegemonic power, his figure was transmuted into visual memory as a reference in the face of abuses of power and manipulative policies.

I

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2202068 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 896-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manfred Lachs

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

The United States ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

International Court Of Justice ◽

International Court ◽

History Of ◽

American Society ◽

Second World ◽

To write of Philip Jessup means to survey the history of the teaching of international law in the United States throughout the last half century; to cover all important events concerning the birth of international organizations on the morrow of the Second World War; to visit the halls of the General Assembly and the Security Council; to attend meetings of the American Society of International Law and the Institute of International Law, where he so frequently took the floor to shed light on their debates; to attend sittings of the International Court of Justice in the years 1960-1969. I could hardly undertake this task; there are others much more qualified to do so. What I wish to do is to recall him as a great jurist I knew and a delightful human being; in short, a judge and a great friend whom I learned to admire.

JEWISH IDENTITY IN THE FACE OF ANTI-SEMITISM

The Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0018246x98008024 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 895-900

Author(s):

ELISABETH ALBANIS

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Cambridge University ◽

Anti Semitism ◽

The Face ◽

History Of ◽

English Speaking ◽

English Speaking World ◽

Anti Jewish ◽

A history of the Jews in the English-speaking world: Great Britain. By W. D. Rubinstein, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. Pp. viii+539. ISBN 0-312-12542-9. £65.00.Pogroms: anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history. Edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo Lambroza. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+393. ISBN 0-521-40532-7. £55.00.Western Jewry and the Zionist project, 1914–1933. By Michael Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xvi+305. ISBN 0-521-47087-0. £35.00.Three books under review deal from different perspectives with the responses of Jews in Western and Eastern Europe to the increasing and more or less violent outbursts of anti-Semitism which they encountered in the years from 1880 to the Second World War. The first two titles consider how deep-rooted anti-Semitism was in Britain and Russia and in what sections of society it was most conspicuous, whereas the third asks how Western Jewry became motivated to support the Zionist project of settlement in Palestine; all three approach the question of how isolated or intergrated diaspora Jews were in their respective countries.

Nation, Ethnicity, and the Geography of British Fiction, 1880-1940

10.31235/osf.io/psg2z ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elizabeth F. Evans ◽

Matthew Wilkens

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Second World War ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

World War ◽

Victorian Period ◽

British Fiction ◽

Spatial Imagination ◽

Second World ◽

Recent Attention ◽

Among the most pressing problems in modernist literary studies are those related to Britain's engagement with the wider world under empire and to its own rapidly evolving urban spaces in the years before the Second World War. In both cases, the literary-geographic imagination—or unconscious—of the period between 1880 and 1940 can help to shed light on how texts by British and British-aligned writers of the era understood these issues and how they evolved over time. At the highest level, how can we characterize the international and domestic geographies of British writing? What roles, if any, did cultural identity play in contemporary writers' spatial imagination? What locations were over- or under-represented in their work and how, if at all, does the answer change when we group writers by national origin or by perceived ethnicity? What shifts in geographic attention marked the transition from the late Victorian period to the interwar era of high modernism? These questions, and others like them, have received much recent attention, both popular and academic. In this essay, we explore what we learn when we ask them at scale with computational assistance.

Avanti a lui tremava tutta Roma: opera, melodrama and the Resistance

Modern Italy ◽

10.1080/13532944.2012.665288 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 185-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catherine O'Rawe

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Film History ◽

Second World War ◽

Vocal Performance ◽

Italian Cinema ◽

World War ◽

Full Picture ◽

Italian Film ◽

Post War ◽

Italian neorealism is conventionally read as the authoritative cinematic chronicle of Italy's experience of the Second World War and the Resistance, through canonical films such as Rossellini'sRoma città aperta(Rome, Open City, 1945). It is important, however, to restore a full picture of the array of genres which narrated and refracted the Resistance experience in the post-war period. To this end, this article looks at a key genre that has been overlooked by scholarship, the opera film ormelodramma. In examiningAvanti a lui tremava tutta Roma(Before Him All Rome Trembled, Gallone, 1946), the article considers Mary Wood's contention (inItalian cinema. Oxford: Berg, 2005, 109) that in this period ‘realist cinematic conventions were insufficient for the maximum perception of the historical context’, and that the ‘affective charge’ of melodrama was essential for restoring this complexity. It assesses the appeal to the emotions produced by the film, and the ways in which this is constructed through the bodily and vocal performance of the operadivo, and questions the critical division between emotion (always viewed as excessive) and authenticity (seen in neorealism, the mode of seriousness) which has seen the opera film relegated to the margins of post-war Italian film history.

Fragmented memories in a fragmented country: memory competition and political identity-building in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905992.2013.768220 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 910-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nicolas Moll

Keyword(s):

Public Sphere ◽

Identity Construction ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Political Identity ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

The Public ◽

The Public Sphere ◽

Second World ◽

Historical Periods

Bosnia and Herzegovina is politically fragmented, and so is the memory landscape within the country. Narratives of the 1992–1995 war, the Second World War, Tito's Yugoslavia, and earlier historical periods form highly disputed patterns in a memory competition involving representatives of the three “constituent peoples” of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks – but also non-nationalist actors within BiH, as well as the international community. By looking especially at political declarations and the practices of commemoration and monument building, the article gives an overview of the fragmented memory landscape in Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing out the different existing memory narratives and policies and the competition between them in the public sphere, and analyzing the conflicting memory narratives as a central part of the highly disputed political identity construction processes in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper also discusses the question whether an “Europeanization” of Bosnian memory cultures could be an alternative to the current fragmentation and nationalist domination of the memory landscape in BiH.

Staff appraisal in university libraries

Library and Information Research ◽

10.29173/lirg437 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (60) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Andrew Green

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

University Libraries ◽

Appraisal System ◽

World War ◽

University Teachers ◽

Staff Appraisal ◽

The University ◽

The Impact ◽

Second World ◽

Staff appraisal was an American invention that emerged at the time of the Second World War. It only came to general notice two years later with the publication of the twenty-third report of 'Committee A' of the University Authorities' Panel (UAP) and the Association of University Teachers (AUT). Only one major study of the functioning of the universities' appraisal system has been published (3), and very little has been written on the experience of libraries(4). The purpose of this study was to shed light on the impact of appraisal on the 'old'university libraries and their staffs,s and to try to assess its benefits and disbenefits.

Small Revelations, … Maybe Not Even with an Apocalyptic Tone

Humanities ◽

10.3390/h10040128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Anders E. Johansson

Keyword(s):

Immanuel Kant ◽

Common Sense ◽

Second World War ◽

Fake News ◽

World War ◽

Three Guineas ◽

The Face ◽

Real Truth ◽

And Control ◽

This article tries to be funny in a very serious way, following Virginia Woolf’s call in Three Guineas that, in the face of man-made disasters, we may have to make fools of ourselves in relation to common sense. Apocalypses, such as the Anthropocene, climate change, and mass extinction require—like the Second World War that Woolf refused to simplify—a tentative search for knowledge, not controlling and predictable methods in the search for a solution. The article is based on how Jacques Derrida’s discussion with Immanuel Kant regarding how truth should sound before the apocalypse over the years has increasingly come to describe contemporary doxa, within which there is only room for mystagogues, who inaugurate followers in the “real truth” behind “fake news”, or scientisticists, who believe that facts and truth are the same thing. When Derrida shows how these two positions depend on each other, sharing the modern belief that knowledge is associated with development, boundaries and control, he also shows how this narrows knowledge down to the predictable, and, thus, makes it complicit with the mistaken efforts of control responsible for today’s challenges. Against this background, the article analyzes works by the artist, Eva Löfdahl, and links them with questions concerning connections between truth, knowledge, art, and science.

Imagining Africa in Eastern Europe: Transcultural Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis in Cold War Yugoslavia

Contemporary European History ◽

10.1017/s0960777318000541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 234-251

Author(s):

Ana Antić

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Second World War ◽

Transcultural Psychiatry ◽

Eastern European ◽

World War ◽

International Context ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

Second World ◽

This article seeks to write Yugoslavia and Eastern Europe into the history of post-Second World War global psychiatry and to explore the significance of Marxist psychiatry in an international context. It traces Yugoslav psychiatrists’ transnational and interdisciplinary engagements as they peaked in the 1960s. Focusing on the distinguished Belgrade psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Vladimir Jakovljevic (1925–68), it looks at Yugoslav psychiatry’s clinical and anthropological research in the global South to shed light on its contributions to Western-dominated transcultural psychiatry. Through this lens the article also explores how Eastern Europe’s intellectuals engaged with decolonisation and the notions of race, ‘primitivism’ and modernity. Jakovljevic’s involvement in transcultural psychiatry demonstrated the inherent contradiction of Eastern European Marxist psychiatry: its dubiously colonial ‘civilising mission’ towards the subalterns in its own populations and its progressive, emancipatory agenda. Jakovljevic’s writings about Africa ultimately turned into an unprecedented opportunity to shed light on some glaring internal inconsistencies from Yugoslavia’s own socio-political context.

II. The Role of a Theologian in Genocide Prevention: Theology in Postgenocide Rwanda

Horizons ◽

10.1017/hor.2020.51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 76-89

Author(s):

Elisee Rutagambwa

Keyword(s):

International Community ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

World Community ◽

The Holocaust ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

The Face ◽

When the world came to its senses after the Second World War and reports of the horrors of the Holocaust began to spread, the international community reacted with disbelief. And when reality proved much worse than even the worst nightmare, the world community reacted unanimously with a general outcry: crimes of this magnitude must never happen again. It appeared quite clear that, in the future, the international community would never again remain inactive in the face of such appalling tragedy. Yet, the firm imperative “never again” has become “again and again,” and the same dreadful crimes have been repeated in many parts of the world.

Work and Community Among West African Migrant Workers since the Nineteenth Century ◽

Conclusion

10.5949/liverpool/9780853235231.003.0015 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 231-232

Author(s):

Diane Frost

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Second World War ◽

West African ◽

Social Consequences ◽

World War ◽

The West ◽

West African Coast ◽

The Face ◽

Post War ◽

The Kru communities of Freetown and Liverpool emerged in response to, and as a consequence of, British maritime interests. Kru were actively encouraged to leave their Liberian homeland and migrate to Freetown, where they came to constitute an important part of its maritime trade. The Kru formed a significant nucleus of Freetown’s seafarers, as well as the majority of ships’ labourers or ‘Krooboys’ that were recruited to work the West African coast. The occupational niche that the Kru eventually came to occupy in Britain’s colonial trade with West Africa had important social repercussions. The Kru were labelled as unusually competent maritime workers by shipowners and colonial administrators, and the Kru encouraged this label for obvious expedient reasons. The gradual build-up of the Kru’s dominance in shipping during the nineteenth century and until the Second World War contrasts sharply with their position in the post-war period. The breaking down of their occupational niche due to circumstances beyond their control had direct social consequences on the nature of their community. Whilst many Kru clubs and societies depended on seafaring for their very existence, the demise of shipping undermined such societies’ ability to survive in the face of increasing unemployment and poverty....