scholarly journals Determinantes de la presión fiscal de las empresas societarias españolas por el impuesto de sociedades durante la crisis económica (2008-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-201
Author(s):  
Ángela Pilar Granados Bernal ◽  
Pedro Atienza Montero ◽  
Luís Ángel Hierro

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar los determinantes de la presión fiscal de las empresas españolas en la época reciente y, en especial, si en una época de fuerte crisis económica, como la Gran Recesión, las grandes empresas con más rentabilidad han ejercido su poder político para reducir sus costes fiscales o si, por el contrario, han soportado una parte del coste político en forma de más impuestos. Para el análisis utilizamos el tipo impositivo efectivo (TIE) del Impuesto de Sociedades (IS), tomando como variables determinantes del TIE las establecidas por cada una de las dos hipótesis señaladas: tamaño y rentabilidad económica. Además, incluimos como variables de control el endeudamiento y la intensidad de capital. Utilizamos una regresión econométrica siguiendo el Método Generalizado de los Momentos de Arellano-Bover (System GMM), para una muestra de 3.362 empresas, extraída aleatoriamente de la base SABI, con datos referidos al periodo 2008-15, con valores totales y segregando por sectores productivos y obtenemos como resultado que se tiende a cumplir la hipótesis del coste político, tanto a nivel general de la economía como en la mayoría de sectores, lo que, entre otras causas, asociamos a la presión del Gobierno por controlar el déficit público durante la crisis. Además, analizamos si la carga fiscal por el IS resulta diferente según el sector o la residencia fiscal, mediante un análisis estadístico. En este caso los resultados muestran que aquellos sectores con mayores niveles de capitalización registran TIE más bajos y que aquellos más intensivos en mano de obra tienen TIE más altos. En cuanto a la C.A. de residencia, el único resultado estadísticamente significativo es la existencia de un mayor TIE en Madrid que en el resto de Comunidades, debido a la domiciliación fiscal de las empresas más importantes y grandes en la capital. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the determinants of Spanish company tax burden in recent times and, in particular, to ascertain whether at a time of deep economic crisis, such as the Great Recession, larger and more profitable companies exert their political power in order to reduce their fiscal costs or whether, by contrast, they bear part of the political costs in the form of more taxes. For the analysis, we use the effective tax rate (ETR) of Corporation Tax (CT), taking as ETR determinant variables those established by each of the two hypotheses indicated: size and economic profitability. In addition, we include indebtedness and capital intensity as control variables. We use econometric regression, following the Arellano-Bover Generalized Method of Moments (GMM System) for a sample of 3,362 companies, randomly extracted from the SABI base, drawing on data for the 2008-15 period, with total values and segregating by production sectors. We find that the political cost hypothesis tends to be fulfilled, both at a general level of the economy and in most sectors. Among other causes, we associate this to government pressure to control public deficit during the crisis. Using statistical analysis, we also examine whether the tax burden for CT differs depending on the sector or fiscal residence in question. In this case, results show that sectors with higher levels of capitalization evidence a lower ETR and that those which are more labour intensive display a higher ETR. As for the region of residence, the only statistically significant result is the existence of a greater ETR in Madrid than in the rest of the regions, due to the fiscal domicile of the largest and most important companies being seated in the capital.

Author(s):  
Eka Murni Lusiana Wati ◽  
Susi Astuti

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, good corporate governace, dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate (CETR) pada perusahaan pertambangan sektor batu bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Mekanisme profitabilitas yang digunakan adalah return on asset, good corporate governance yang digunakan adalah proporsi kepemilikan institusional dan dewan komisaris independen, intensitas modal yang digunakan adalah capital intensity. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan pertambangan sektor batu bara yang terdaftar Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016 sampai 2018. Sedangkan sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 45 perusahaan sampel. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari www.idx.co.id. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda maka hasil penelitian ini yaitu return on assets, dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate, sedangan  kepemilikan institusional, intensitas modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Vít Jedlička

Tax avoidance is an important element of management in the global economy. Managers use tax havens for reducing a company’s effective tax rate. The most common practices in international tax planning can be divided into three groups: loans and their related interest, royalties, and transfer pricing. The aim of this article is to find the determinants of the tax burden faced by foreign-owned subsidiaries. Therefore, a model was created for the tax burden, focusing on the special position of subsidiaries within international tax planning. For this purpose, taxes/outcomes was established as a new dependent variable. The panel data used include Czech companies that are owned by parent companies located in other EU countries. The model distinguishes EU tax havens from regular member states; sector dummy variables are also included. The regression model that was created did not confirm the assumed dependencies. Rather, it indicated other important determinants: profitability, the share of intangible assets, size, and the dummy variable for the ICT sector. Based on the regression results, the independent variables connected with known tax planning schemes have relatively low importance. The significance of these results can be seen in the subsequent conclusions. First of all, there is no difference between the subsidiaries’ tax burdens based on the parent company’s location. Corporations use international tax planning whether or not they are owned from a tax haven. The second significant conclusion indicates the importance of certain sectors and their attributes concerning the tax burden. Companies from the ICT sector are linked to a lower tax burden. On the other hand, the dependencies within the financial sector are not statistically significant. From the perspective of further research, it would be constructive to incorporate the subsidiary’s position within the group.


1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Omer ◽  
Karen H. Molloy ◽  
David A. Ziebart

Given the recent emphasis on effective tax rates by policy makers and accounting researchers, this study investigates the relation between firm size and corporate tax burdens on a yearly and an industry basis. The analysis is conducted using five effective tax measures employed in previous studies in order to determine the degree to which inferences between size and tax burden are robust across these different effective tax measures. The results indicate that the relation is fairly robust across measures and, in instances in which the relation is not upheld by our analysis, sample composition explains differences in the observed relation between firm size and corporate tax burden.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Clarissa Octa Gumono

Taxes are income for the state which are useful for financingstate activities and operations. Unfortunately, taxes are not profitable forcompanies. Taxes can decrease its profit. This situation triggers the companyto take action related to agency theory. This actions taken by managingtax financing so that it can be effective and efficient without violatingexisting regulations. That actions called tax avoidance. Tax avoidance takesadvantages of the grey area in the tax regulations so that the actions takenlegally. Tax avoidance in this study is used as the dependent variable bycalculating the cash effective tax rate (cash ETR). Independent variable inthis study are return on assets (ROA), leverage, and capital intensity. Theexistence of these variables are used to support the purpose of this study.The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of ROA, Leverageand Capital intensity on tax avoidance. The data used are from the financialreports and annual reports of mining sector companies listed in IndonesiaStock Exchange during the Jokowi - JK’s era.


Equity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratna Novianti ◽  
Praptiningsih Praptiningsih ◽  
Noegrahini Lastiningsih

This research is using quantitative study aimed to see whether there are influence of Firm Size, Board of Commissioners and Capital Intensity on Effective Tax Rate (ETR). The sample in this study a number of 67 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 – 2016 by using purposive sampling method. Data obtained from the financial reports in the publication. The number of sample obtained as many as 67 companies with a total sample of 201 samples. After reduce the data outlier, data eventually resulted in 147 samples ready to be analyzed and tested. Analysis technique used was multiple linier regression with a level of significance of 5%. The results of this study suggests that (1) Firm Size has significant effect on the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), (2) Board of Commissioners was not significant effect on Effective Tax Rate (ETR), (3)Capital Intensity effect significantly to Effective Tax Rate (ETR).


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Petrus Petrus

The purpose of this research is to analyse and find out 1) the effect of Profitability on the Effective Tax Rate 2) Inventory Intensity to the Effective Tax Rate 3) Capital Intensity to the Effective Tax Rate 4) Leverage to the Effective Tax Rate. The population in this study are manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2017. The sample used in this study is 52 companies in all industry sector of manufacturing as research subjects. The sampling technique used is the Panel Data Estimation Technique. Overall the results of this study are 1) The probability of influencing Effective Tax Rate has a significant negative direction on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017, 2) Inventory Intensity affects the Effective Tax Rate having a negative but not significant direction on manufacturing companies in the Exchange Indonesia Securities in 2013-2017, 3) Capital Intensity affects the Effective Tax Rate to have a positive but not significant direction in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017, 4) Leverage affects Effective Tax Rate has a negative but not significant direction in manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017.


Author(s):  
Jasrial Jasrial ◽  
Susy Puspitasari ◽  
Ali Muktiyanto

Objective - This research examines the effect of company size, changes in out-cash flow, return on assets, conservatism, and profit levelling on earnings management. Methodology/Technique - The results of this research show that banking capital structure, capital intensity, intensity of inventory, and intensity of R & D have a significant impact on effective tax rates. Further, the results also show that, with respect to the non-banking sector, R & D expenditure contributes significantly to effective tax rates. Simultaneously, earnings management and effective tax rates, as well as other factors, also have an effect on book tax gap. Findings - This study shows that profit management has a significantly positive effect on book tax gap, and effective tax rates has a significant negative effects o book tax gap. In terms of the non-banking sector, earnings management and effective tax rate have no effect on book tax gap. Deferred tax expenses have a lower capability to detect earnings management than accrual, in both the banking and non-banking sector. Novelty - The study of management capabilities optimizes the role of book tax gap and effective tax rate for earning management. Both tax management and earnings management are closely related to behavior management in managing a company based on the agency theory. Furthermore, the study identifies a relationship between earnings management and book tax gap. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Book Tax Gap; Effective Tax Rate; Earnings Management; Accrual Total; Indonesia. JEL Classification: H26, H29.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basuki Basuki

Things that need to be done in order to prove independentcommissioners, audit committee, capital intensity and corporate risk ontax avoidance in companies engaged in Indonesia Stock Exchange(IDX). In this study, tax avoidance uses the Cash Effective Tax Rate(CETR) proxy. The research period is 4 years, ie during 2013-2016. Thestudy population covers all manufacturing companies of the industrialsector of goods in the period 2013-2016ALAH 148 companies. Thesampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Based on thecriteria set in the sample of 84 corporate data. Types of data which aresecondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website.The process of data analysis that is panel analysis of regression data.The results showed that independent commissioners and capital intensitydid not have a significant effect, while audit committee and corporaterisk had a significant effect on tax evasion.


SIMAK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 152-173
Author(s):  
Sasongko Wahyu Widodo ◽  
Sartika Wulandari

This research aimed to investigate the effect of profitability, leverage, capitalintensity, sales growth, and firm size against tax avoidance. Measurement of taxavoidance in this research used effective tax rate (ETR). This research usedmanufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. Thesample selection method used purposive sampling technique and obtained 140sample. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression test. The result ofthe analysis showed that profitability and firm size has no effect on tax avoidance.Meanwhile leverage and capital intensity has significant positive effect on taxavoidance. The result of the test showed that sales growth has a significantnegative effect on tax avoidance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Shahnas Regina Fajar ◽  
Patricia Diana

The purpose of this research is to investigate the association between firm size using Ln total asset, asset funding using Debt to Total Asset (DAR) and asset composition, and also  profitability using Return on Asset (ROA) on tax aggressiveness using Effective Tax Rate (ETR). Sample in this research were manufacturing public company which listed consecutively during period 2016-2018. The others criteria were publishing audited financial statement, using Rupiah as reporting currency, have same reporting period which ended at December 31, positively profit and also have assets value within 1 up to 4 trillion. Data analysis method used multiple regression. The result of this research found that only asset funding (DAR) has significant positive effect towards tax aggressiveness (ETR) while firm size, profitability (ROA) and asset composition (CAIR) has no effect on tax  aggressiveness (ETR.   Keywords: Capital Intensity, Firm Size, Leverage, Profitability, Tax Aggressiveness.


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