scholarly journals LiF – NaF – KCl SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadinbeg N. Verdiev ◽  
Patimat A. Arbukhanova ◽  
Alibek B. Alkhasov ◽  
Ukhmaali G. Magomedbekov ◽  
Zaira N. Verdieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mutual System ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

The stable cross section of LiF - NaF - KCl quadruple mutual system Li, Na, K // F, Cl was studied with the differential thermal (DTA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. It was established that in a system the eutectic composition crystallizing at 591 ° C is realized.  Temperatures of starting solid-phase reactions were revealed in the ternary systems mutual Na, K // F, Cl and Li, Na // F, Cl, (715 and 650 °C, respectively) corresponding to the conversion of reactants of metastable diagonals into products of stable diagonals.

scholarly journals Получение, структура, диэлектрические и магнитные свойства керамики SrFe-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-W-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
А.В. Павленко ◽  
А.В. Турик ◽  
Л.А. Шилкина ◽  
С.П. Кубрин ◽  
Ю.B. Русалев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Tetragonal Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions ◽  
Perovskite Type ◽  
Perovskite Type Structure

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of SrFe_2/3W_1/3O_3 (SFWO) ceramic were obtained by solid-phase reactions with subsequent sintering using conventional ceramic technology. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that at room temperature, the SFWO ceramic is single-phase and has a perovskite-type structure with tetragonal symmetry and parameters a = 3.941(9) Å, c = 3.955(6) Å, and c/a = 1.0035. In studying the magnetic properties and the Mössbauer effect in SFWO ceramics, it is found that the material is a ferrimagnet, and the iron ions are only in the valence state of Fe^3+. It is suggested that in the temperature range of T = 150–210°C, a smeared phase transition from a cubic (paraelectric) phase to a tetragonal (ferroelectric) phase takes place in SFWO with decreasing temperature.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Graphenic Carbon Materials on Nickel Particles with Controlled Quantity of Carbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
V. Grehov ◽  
J. Kalnacs ◽  
A. Mishnev ◽  
K. Kundzins
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Powder ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Carbon Dissolution ◽  
Nickel Particles ◽  
Graphene Sponge ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

Abstract A cheap, comparatively simple and effective method is proposed for the large quantity production of the sheets of graphenic carbon materials (GCM) by annealing the mixture of nickel powder with a suitable carbon amount at the temperatures close to 1000 ºC. The number of graphene layers in the sheets of GCM may be varied by altering the amount of carbon in the mixture and parameters of annealing and drying of the obtained products. Samples of GCM were prepared in the form of heat-dried GCM paper and in the form of graphene sponge with freeze-drying. The appearance of GCM on the surface of Ni particles was identified using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a low accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The thickness and properties of the layers were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The fabrication processes were carried out at the concentrations of added carbon from 0 to 1 at%. The results obtained are fully consistent with the well-known solid phase reactions of carbon dissolution in Ni at 1000 °C and graphene or graphite precipitation on the surface with cooling down to the room temperatures.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Solid-Phase Reactions Using 3-Brominated Wang Resin

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-eun Yoo ◽  
Young-Dae Gong ◽  
Jin-soo Seo ◽  
Myung M. Sung ◽  
Sun Sook Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wang Resin ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

Solid-phase reactions in Ir/(111)Si systems studied by means of x-ray emission spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1950-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Kurmaev ◽  
V. R. Galakhov ◽  
S. N. Shamin ◽  
T. Rodríguez ◽  
A. Almendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Beam Excitation ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions ◽  
Beam Excitation

High energy resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy with variable electron beam excitation is applied for study of solid-phase reactions in the Ir/(111)Si system as a function of annealing temperature. The formation of Ir silicides as a function of depth is studied by measurements of Si L2,3 x-ray emission valence spectra at different electron excitation energies (3–10 keV), and the results are compared with those of Rutherford backscattering.

X-ray emission spectra and interfacial solid-phase reactions in Hf/(001)Si system

1999 ◽  
Vol 350 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Galakhov ◽  
E.Z. Kurmaev ◽  
S.N. Shamin ◽  
V.V. Fedorenko ◽  
L.V. Elokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

scholarly journals STABLE TETRAEDR OF LiF-LiCl-Li2SO4-NaCl

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Sabina M. Omarova ◽  
Nadinbeg N. Verdiev ◽  
Alibek B. Alkhasov ◽  
Ukhumaali G. Magomedbekov ◽  
Vasiliy I. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Thermal Batteries ◽  
Mutual System

With differential-thermal method of physicochemical analysis; using the General rules of the projection-thermographic method; the surface was studied of the liquidus stable tetrahedron LiF–LiCl–Li2SO4–NaCl of quaternary mutual system Li;Na//F;Cl;SO4. As a result of researches it was established that the system implements the quadruple eutectic point melting at 410 °C. Increased interest in involvement in the global energy balance of renewable energy sources (RES); encourages research to identify the eutectic salt mixtures capable of accumulating heat energy. Research undertaken with the aim of developing nizkodubova; eutectic composition; which can be used in thermal batteries as coolant of accumulators. As research object the stable tetrahedron LiF – LiCl – Li2SO4 – NaCl four-component mutual system was selected. This system was formed from the halides and sulfates of lithium and sodium. The choice of the research object is due to the fact that its composition includes lithium salt with large values of enthalpies of phase transitions. For planning of experimental researches; analysis of systems with lower dimensionality within free of the system under study was carried out. The results revealed that the most informative section for an experimental study in the system LiF –LiCl – Li2SO4 – NaCl is a cross-section of selected volume of the crystallization of lithium chloride. Based on these considerations; in a volume of the crystallization of lithium chloride the two-dimensional polythermal cross section ABC was choosen. The phase diagram of the section MN located at the cross-section ABC was DTA experimentally investigated. It allows determining the ratio of lithium fluoride and sodium chloride in the quaternary eutectic. Further; consistent analysis of DTA-dimensional polythermal sections- В – а –Ē□; (LiCl)2 – Ē□ – E□ - the ratio of sulfate and lithium chloride in the quaternary eutectic was determined. The revealed by such a way the eutectic contains (LiF)2 – 10.4%; (LiCl)2 – 38%; Li2SO4 -23.6%; (NaCl)2 – 28%. The crystallization temperature was 410 °C. Taking into account that all components of eutectic have relatively large values of enthalpies of phase transitions; it can be assumed that the identified eutectic composition will have sufficient value of ΔНпл. Therefore; the composition can be recommended as a coolant for devices of thermal energy storage. For citation:Omarova S.M.; Verdiev N.N.; Alkhasov A.B.; Magomedbekov U.G.; Dvoryanchikov V.I.; Nekrasov D.A. Stable tetraedr of LiF-LiCl-Li2SO4-NaCl. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 57-62

scholarly journals Phase formation in the Ag2MoO4–Rb2MoO4–Hf(MoO4)2 system

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-599
Author(s):  
Yunna L. Tushinova ◽  
Bair G. Bazarov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Kovtunets ◽  
Jibzema G. Bazarova
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Phase Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Ternary Molybdates ◽  
Ternary Molybdate ◽  
First Time

Systematic studies of the subsolidus structure of ternary molybdate systems allow expanding the representation of ternary molybdates. In this paper we studied the solid phase interaction in the Ag2MoO4–Rb2MoO4–Hf(MoO4)2 system for the first time using X-ray phase analysis.To determine the quasi-binary sections, we use the method of “intersecting cuts”. It helped to reveal the formation of new Rb5Ag1/3Hf5/3(MoO4)6 and Rb3AgHf2(MoO4)6 phases. We also determined their thermal characteristics using differential scanning calorimetry. The ternary molybdate Rb5Ag1/3Hf5/3(MoO4)6 crystallised in the trigonal syngony with the followingunit cell parameters: a = 10.7117(1), c = 38.5464(5) Å (space group R3с, Z = 6). The Ag2MoO4–Rb2MoO4–Hf(MoO4)2 system is characterised by the existence of ten quasi-binary cross sections.The experimental data obtained in this work complement the information on phase equilibria in condensed ternary systems containing molybdates of tetravalent elements and two different monovalent elements. This provides opportunities for the combination of the compositions of ternary molybdates due to cationic substitutions, which will allow controlling their properties.

Freeze-Fracture Replication of Frozen Outer Segments of Rat Retinal Rods

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Leeson ◽  
C. Roland Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Retinal Rods ◽  
Temperature Electron ◽  
Freeze Etching

Numerous previous studies of outer segments of retinal receptors have demonstrated a complex internal structure of a series of transversely orientated membranous lamellae, discs, or saccules. In cones, these lamellae probably are invaginations of the covering plasma membrane. In rods, however, they appear to be isolated and separate discs although some authors report interconnections and some continuities with the surface near the base of the outer segment, i.e. toward the inner segment. In some species, variations have been reported, such as longitudinally orientated lamellae and lamellar whorls. In cross section, the discs or saccules show one or more incisures. The saccules probably contain photolabile pigment, with resulting potentials after dipole formation during bleaching of pigment. Continuity between the lamina of rod saccules and extracellular space may be necessary for the detection of dipoles, although such continuity usually is not found by electron microscopy. Particles on the membranes have been found by low angle X-ray diffraction, by low temperature electron microscopy and by freeze-etching techniques.

Studies of metaphase chromosomes in the scanning transmission x-ray microscope: Image fidelity, radiation damage and specimen preparation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1039
Author(s):  
Shawn Williams ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Susan Lamm ◽  
Jack Van’t Hof
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) is well suited for investigating metaphase chromosome structure. The absorption cross-section of soft x-rays having energies between the carbon and oxygen K edges (284 - 531 eV) is 6 - 9.5 times greater for organic specimens than for water, which permits one to examine unstained, wet biological specimens with resolution superior to that attainable using visible light. The attenuation length of the x-rays is suitable for imaging micron thick specimens without sectioning. This large difference in cross-section yields good specimen contrast, so that fewer soft x-rays than electrons are required to image wet biological specimens at a given resolution. But most imaging techniques delivering better resolution than visible light produce radiation damage. Soft x-rays are known to be very effective in damaging biological specimens. The STXM is constructed to minimize specimen dose, but it is important to measure the actual damage induced as a function of dose in order to determine the dose range within which radiation damage does not compromise image quality.

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