scholarly journals The free proline levels in transgenic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) T3 plants with double-stranded proline dehydrogenase gene RNA-suppressor

1970 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Komisarenko ◽  
S. I. Mykhalska
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Osmotic Tolerance ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Plant Shoots

Aim. The investigation of the T3 transgenic sunflower plants osmotic tolerance there were developed. The levels of free proline in plant shoots and roots were estimated. Methods. Mature sunflower plants (T3 and wild type) were cultured in standard pots. Those genotypes were tested during 12-day artificial drying. The levels of free proline in plant shoots and roots were measured. Results. The proline contents in transgenic plants preferred those parameters of control plants both under normal and stress conditions. The proline levels in shoots and roots increased in all genotypes cultivated under stress conditions. The shoot/root proline ratio of control plants was constant during whole experiment, while in T3 plants this parameter changed due to high elevation in roots. Conclusions. The changes of shoot/root proline ratio of T3 plants were the result of free proline transfer among plant organs. Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., transgenic plants, L-proline, shoot/root proline ratio.

scholarly journals EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM RESÍDUO DA ATIVIDADE DA CARCINICULTURA EM PLANTAS DE GIRASSOL SUBMETIDAS A CONDIÇÕES DE ESTRESSE HÍDRICO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-605
Author(s):  
BRENNDA BEZERRA BRAGA ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Francisco Holanda Nunes Junior ◽  
Sabrina Isabel De Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Rifandreo Monteiro Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Federal Institute

EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM RESÍDUO DA ATIVIDADE DA CARCINICULTURA EM PLANTAS DE GIRASSOL SUBMETIDAS A CONDIÇÕES DE ESTRESSE HÍDRICO  BRENNDA BEZERRA BRAGA1; FRANSCISCO HOLANDA NUNES JUNIOR2; SABRINA ISABEL DE OLIVEIRA PAIVA1; RIFANDREO MONTEIRO BARBOSA1; ROBERTO ALBUQUERQUE PONTES FILHO1 E FRANKLIN ARAGÃO GONDIM1*  1Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Ceará – Campus Maracanaú. Av. Contorno Norte, 10, Distrito Industrial, Maracanaú, Ceará, Brasil. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; *[email protected] (autor correspondente).  2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Ceará – Campus Jaguaribe. Av. B - Bairro Manoel Costa Moraes, Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brasil. Email: [email protected]  1 RESUMO Objetivou-se identificar os efeitos da utilização de resíduo de carcinicultura sobre o crescimento e sistema enzimático antioxidativo de girassol em condições de estresse hídrico. O trabalho foi conduzido na casa de vegetação do Instituto Federal do Ceará – campus Maracanaú, Ceará, Brasil. As sementes foram semeadas em baldes contendo: 1) areia de granulometria fina; 2) areia + adubo; 3) areia + 7g de resíduo de carcinicultura; 4) areia + 14g de resíduo de carcinicultura. Decorridos 16 dias da semeadura, metade de cada grupo de plântulas descrito foi submetido à suspensão de rega. Foram realizadas 2 coletas:19 e 21 dias após a semeadura. Determinaram-se: as matérias frescas e secas da parte aérea, das raízes e total e as atividades das enzimas antioxidativas em folhas e raízes. De modo geral, a utilização de resíduo de carcinicultura no substrato proporcionou melhoria no crescimento das plantas. Isso pode ter ocorrido devido ao aumento nas atividades das enzimas antioxidativas. Em condições controle, a aplicação de 14g de resíduo ocasionou maiores produções de matéria seca total e atividades das enzimas antioxidativas. Concluiu-se que o resíduo de carcinicultura pode ser uma alternativa aos fertilizantes, reduzindo os custos de produção, além de ser uma destinação adequada ao resíduo de carcinicultura. Palavras-chave: estresse oxidativo, Helianthus annuus L., biofertilizante  BRAGA, B. B.; NUNES JUNIOR, F. H.; PAIVA, S. I. O.; BARBOSA, R. M.; PONTES FILHO, R. A.; GONDIM, F. AEFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH WASTE OF SHRIMP FARMING ON SUNFLOWER PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the effects of the use of shrimp waste on plant growth and the antioxidative enzymatic defense system of sunflower under drought stress conditions. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology), Maracanaú Campus, Ceará, Brazil. The seeds were sown in plastic pots containing: 1) fine-grained sand; 2) sand + fertilizer; 3) sand + 7g of shrimp waste; 4) sand + 14g shrimp waste. At 16 days after sowing, half of each seedling group described was submitted to irrigation suspension. Two plant harvests were performed: at 19 and 21 days after sowing. The following parameters were determined: shoots, roots and total fresh and dry masses, and activities of antioxidative enzymes in shoots and roots. In general, the use of shrimp waste in the substrate provided higher plant growth. This could be attributed to the increased activity of antioxidative enzymes. Under control conditions, the application of 14g of waste led to higher total dry mass and higher activities of antioxidative enzymes. It is concluded that the shrimp waste may be an alternative to fertilizers, reducing production costs.  Moreover, it seems to be an adequate disposal for shrimp farming waste. Keywords: oxidative stress, Helianthus annuus L., biofertilizer

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Physiological Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars under Saline Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Carmen BEINSAN ◽  
Renata SUMALAN ◽  
Giancarla VELICEVICI ◽  
Adriana CIULCA ◽  
Radu SUMALAN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Germination Process

The purpose of the experiment was to highlight the germination of sunflower seeds affected by the presence of saline stress and the identification of tolerant genotypes. The biological material was represented by sunflower cvs. (Helianthus annuus L.): Coril, Select, Santiago and Fundulea-206. To simulate the saline conditions, germination solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) were used with concentrations corresponding to the osmotic pressures -6 and -10 atm and the control seed hydration was performed with distilled water. Determination of seed germination, growth of seedling, percentage of plumules dry matter, chlorophyll content and free proline were performed. The experimental data obtained suppose the existence in the assimilation apparatus of sunflowers seedling subjected to stress a competitive chlorophyll/free proline biosynthesis processes. The experimental results regarding the effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth revealed important differences between genotypes. The radicle growth in the germination process were strongly affected by saline excess, with significant differences between cultivars. Saline stress results in significant reductions in the amount of chlorophyll, and high levels of free proline. It can be observed that with the increase of the stress level the percentage of the dry matter increases, indicating an accentuated water deficit.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought Stress at Supraoptimal Temperature on Polyamine Concentrations in Transgenic Soybean with Increased Proline Levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Simon-Sarkadi ◽  
Gábor Kocsy ◽  
Ágnes Várhegyi ◽  
Gábor Galiba ◽  
Jacoba A. de Ronde
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Proline Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Soybean

Abstract The effect of drought stress at supraoptimal temperature on free proline and polyamine levels was compared in wild type and transgenic soybean (Glycine max cv. Ibis) plants having increased proline levels. Since glutamate and arginine are precursors of both proline and polyamines, it was assumed that the genetic manipulation of proline levels would also affect the polyamine levels. The proline and spermine concentrations increased, while the putrescine concentration generally decreased or did not change after the treatments in both genotypes. Following drought higher proline and lower spermine levels were detected in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type ones, which could be explained by the increased use of their common precursors for proline biosynthesis in the transgenic plants.

A CYCLOIDEA-like gene mutation in sunflower determines an unusual floret type able to produce filled achenes at the periphery of the pseudanthium

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mizzotti ◽  
Marco Fambrini ◽  
Elisabetta Caporali ◽  
Simona Masiero ◽  
Claudio Pugliesi
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disc Floret ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Ray Florets

The pseudanthium of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) consists of two floret types: zygomorphic sterile ray florets and actinomorphic hermaphrodite disc florets. In the tubular ray flower (turf) mutant, the loss-of-function of a CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene generates hermaphrodite tubular-like ray florets that replace the normal sterile ray florets. We evaluated whether tubular-like ray florets have a multifaceted set of floral traits and the presence of heteromorphic seeds in the turf inflorescence. During early stages of floral ontogeny, primordia of both tubular-like ray florets and typical ray florets displayed a comparable shape. In contrast, during later stages of development, the form of tubular-like ray floret primordia was most similar to disc floret primordia. In mature tubular-like ray florets, corolla and ovary had both ray and disc floret characteristics but also displayed distinct identity traits. In open-pollinated tubular-like ray florets, the seed set was low, but a noteworthy increase of filled achenes was obtained by hand pollination. Wild type ray achenes were always empty. Embryos of tubular-like ray florets were shorter and lighter than the embryos of disc florets but able to produce fertile plants. In conclusion, the different identity characteristics combined in tubular-like ray florets of the mutant evolved a capitulum type not described in the genus Helianthus.

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