The value of alien representatives of Prunus L. genus for flowering cherries breeding

Aim. The necessity to search for sources and donors of deficit features for east cherry tree breeding (sakura) and to classify the collection of this promising woody ornamental plant for domestic horticulture determined the conduction of our research. Methods. The availability of some representatives of sakura collection of NDP «Sofiyivka» for breeding was studied with conventional methods, namely, flower color, intensity and duration of flowering, fruit attractiveness, form of a tree crown, vigor and other traits, which determine plant attractiveness for gardens, parks and street plantations, were estimated. Results. Among sakura cultivars which present interest for breeding and are characterized by high ornamental nature along with their adaptability to the conditions of most of the regions in Ukraine, such well-known cultivars as ‘Ama-no-gawa’, ‘Kanzan’, ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’ and ‘Royal Burgundy’ are to be mentioned. Despite the information concerning the feasibility of spontaneous and the success of artificial intercultivar and interspecific hybridization of Prunus serrulata with other cultivars and other Prunus s. l. genera, at present we have not received P. serrulata hybrids. Conclusions. To enhance the breeding productivity of flowering cherry tree, namely hybridization efficiency of P. serrulata with donors and sources of ornamental traits, it is advisable to involve new initial material on a wide genetic basis not only by economic-valuable features, but also considering the cases of S-genes genetic incompatibility. Keywords: Amygdaloideae Arn., Prunus sensu lato, initial material for breeding, gametophytic self-incompatibility, oriental flowering cherries (sakura).

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A through year behavior of 137Cs in a Japanese flowering cherry tree in relation to that of potassium

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity ◽

10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 32-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Toshihiro Yoshihara ◽

Vasyl Yoschenko ◽

Kenji Watanabe ◽

Koji Keitoku

Keyword(s):

Cherry Tree ◽

Flowering Cherry

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Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal genes related to pigmentation in the petals of a flower color variation cultivar of Rhododendron obtusum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263287/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobo Sun ◽

Lisi He ◽

Zhenhao Guo ◽

Jiale Su ◽

Xiaoqing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flower Color ◽

Development Stage ◽

Color Variation ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Anthocyanin Pathway ◽

Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Research Goal ◽

Woody Ornamental Plant ◽

R2r3 Myb

Abstract Rhododendron is an important woody ornamental plant and breeding varieties with different colors is vital research goal. In this study, a flower color variation cultivar ‘Yanzhi Mi’ (pink petals) and the wild-type (WT) cultivar ‘Dayuanyangjin’ (white petals with pink stripes) were used as research objects, the pigment and transcriptome of their petals during different flower development (stage S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the derivatives of cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin may be responsible for the pink of mutant petals and S2 stage (buds showing color at the top but with the scales still present) was the key stage of flower color formation of mutant. In total, 412,910 transcripts and 2,780 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in pairwise comparisons of WT and mutant petals. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs showed that the ‘DNA-binding transcription factor activity’, ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’ and ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ were more active in mutant petals. Early anthocyanin pathway candidate DEGs (CHS3-CHS6, CHI, F3Hs and F3’H) were strongly correlated and up-regulated expression in mutant petals than in WT petals at S2 stage. These genes may be the key structural genes for the pink coloration of mutant petals. In the petals of mutant, two R2R3-MYB unigene (TRINITY_DN59015_c3_g2 and TRINITY_DN49281_c1_g6) were identified as repressors involved in anthocyanin regulation and were significantly down-regulated at S2 stage. This study shed light on the biochemistry and genetic mechanisms underlying the flower coloration in two Rhododendron obtusum cultivars.

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In Vitro Callus Induction from Adult Tissues of Japanese Flowering Cherry Trees and Two Cherry Rootstocks

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha45210899 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 392-399

Author(s):

Dragana M. SKOČAJIĆ ◽

Marija M. NEŠIĆ ◽

Marina Ž. NONIĆ ◽

Milica M. FOTIRIĆ AKŠIĆ ◽

Mihailo N. GRBIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Growth Media ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Adult Tissues ◽

Flowering Cherry ◽

Cherry Rootstocks ◽

Cherry Trees

Several in vitro biotechnological techniques have been developed, all of which require a reliable protocol to produce a responsive callus mass. One of these techniques is callus fusion in vitro, which is reliable for the early detection of (in)-compatibility of scions and rootstocks. In this paper, the possibility to obtain friable callus tissues was explored by callus induction of adult tissues of Japanese flowering cherry trees from the group Sato zakura (Prunus serrulata ‘Amanogawa’, ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’) and two domestic cherry rootstocks – Prunus avium and Prunus ‘Colt’. The explants used in the research were: leaf petiole, leaf base with a part of a petiole, part of lamina with a midvein and a stem with an axillary bud. Among three plant growth media (MS, SH and WP) that were used in this study, the MS proved to be the most favourable for the majority of taxa during the callus induction process. For the sweet cherry tree and the cultivars ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Colt’, the SH plant growth medium was also acceptable. The best results in callogenesis were obtained for the majority of taxons with auxin at the concentration 2 mgL-1 NAA and cytokinin BAP 0.5 mgL-1. It is also possible to use 2.4-D at the same concentration as a substitute for the genotypes Prunus avium, Prunus ‘Colt’ and Prunus serrulata ‘Kanzan’, whereas IBA proved to be an inappropriate auxin for callus induction. The protocol described herein is proved to be efficient callus induction in a range of taxa of genus Prunus.

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Genome sequencing and analysis of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’

10.1101/2021.09.08.459382 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kenta Shirasawa ◽

Akihiro Itai ◽

Sachiko Isobe

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Gene Clustering ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Flowering Cherry ◽

Early Flowering Phenotype

AbstractTo gain genetic insights into the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry, also known as sakura, we determined the genome sequences of two early-flowering cherry (Cerasus × kanzakura) varieties, ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’. Since the two varieties are interspecific hybrids, likely derived from crosses between Cerasus campanulata (early-flowering species) and Cerasus speciosa, we employed the haplotype-resolved sequence assembly strategy. Genome sequence reads obtained from each variety by single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) were split into two subsets, based on the genome sequence information of the two probable ancestors, and assembled to obtain haplotype-phased genome sequences. The resultant genome assembly of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ spanned 519.8 Mb with 1,544 contigs and an N50 value of 1,220.5 kb, while that of ‘Atami-zakura’ totaled 509.6 Mb with 2,180 contigs and an N50 value of 709.1 kb. A total of 72,702 and 72,528 potential protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome assemblies of ‘Kawazu-zakura’ and ‘Atami-zakura’, respectively. Gene clustering analysis identified 2,634 clusters uniquely presented in the C. campanulata haplotype sequences, which might contribute to its early-flowering phenotype. Genome sequences determined in this study provide fundamental information for elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the early-flowering phenotype of ornamental cherry tree varieties and their relatives.

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Self-incompatibility in the Chilean Endemic Genus Leucocoryne Lindley

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.6.0836 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 836-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Mansur ◽

M. Gonzalez ◽

I. Rojas ◽

P. Salas

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

National Parks ◽

Reproductive Behavior ◽

Seed Set ◽

Flower Color ◽

Field Studies ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Genetic Incompatibility ◽

Number Of Seeds

The Chilean genus Leucocoryne has exceptional qualities as an ornamental plant that is being developed through breeding. Little is known about the origin of its genetic variation for flower phenotype. Our hypothesis is that, despite having a perfect flower, Leucocoryne has an outbreeding behavior due to self-incompatibility. Greenhouse studies were conducted to study self-incompatibility. In 2000, one species L. purpurea Gay. and two distinct populations Leucocoryne sp. Pichicuy and Leucocoryne sp. Chigualoco were used, whereas in 2001, L. coquimbensis F. Phil. and Leucocoryne sp. Alcones and Leucocoryne sp. Talinay were added. Field studies were carried out in 2001 at La Campana (lat. 29°S, Valparaíso Region, Chile) and Bosque de Fray Jorge (lat. 33°S, Coquimbo Region, Chile) National Parks with L. ixioides Lindley and L. purpurea, respectively. The index of self-genetic incompatibility (ISI) was measured as the average number of seeds per fruit produced by self-pollination divided by the average number of seeds per fruit produced from cross-pollination. The average ISI values for 2000 and 2001 were 0.08 and 0.06, respectively, meaning that Leucocoryne is largely self-incompatible. In the field seed set was compared between flowers that were isolated from insects and those that were not. None of the isolated flowers produced seeds, instead nonisolated flowers produced an average of 29 seeds per fruit at La Campana and 56 at Bosque de Fray Jorge. Leucocoryne's self-incompatibility and outcrossing behavior plus its capacity to fix any genotype via asexual reproduction, most likely contribute to its large variation for flower color, shape, size, design, and aroma. Due to Leucocoryne's reproductive behavior it would be difficult to breed for homozygous inbreds and pure hybrid cultivars

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A Mutation in the Protein S Pseudogene Is Linked to Protein S Deficiency in a Thrombophilic Family

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651024 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (03) ◽

pp. 897-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hans K Ploos van Amstel ◽

Pieter H Reitsma ◽

Karly Hamulyák ◽

Christine E M de Die-Smulders ◽

Pier M Mannucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Protein S ◽

Southern Analysis ◽

Type I ◽

Protein S Deficiency ◽

S Deficiency ◽

The Family ◽

Dna Pattern ◽

Deficiency Type ◽

S Genes

SummaryProbands from 15 unrelated families with hereditary protein S deficiency type I, that is having a plasma total protein S concentration fifty percent of normal, were screened for abnormalities in their protein S genes by Southern analysis. Two probands were found to have a deviating DNA pattern with the restriction enzyme Mspl. In the two patients the alteration concerned the disappearance of a Mspl restriction site, CCGG, giving rise to an additional hybridizing Mspl fragment.Analysis of relatives of both probands showed that in one family the mutation does not co-segregate with the phenotype of reduced plasma protein S. In the family of the other proband, however, complete linkage between the mutated gene pattern and the reduced total protein S concentration was found: 12 heterozygous relatives showed the additional Mspl fragment but none of the investigated 26 normal members of the family. The mutation is shown to reside in the PSβ gene, the inactive protein S gene. The cause of type I protein S deficiency, a defect PSα gene has escaped detection by Southern analysis. No recombination has occurred between the PSα gene and the PSβ gene in 23 informative meioses. This suggests that the two protein S genes, located near the centromere of chromosome 3, are within 4 centiMorgan of each other.

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Protein S mRNA in Patients with Protein S Deficiency

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653862 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (05) ◽

pp. 746-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E Sacchi ◽

M Pinotti ◽

G Marchetti ◽

G Merati ◽

L Tagliabue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Total Protein ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Protein S ◽

Type I ◽

Protein S Deficiency ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

S Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Type ◽

S Genes

SummaryA protein S gene polymorphism, detectable by restriction analysis (BstXI) of amplified exonic sequences (exon 15), was studied in seven Italian families with protein S deficiency. In the 17 individuals heterozygous for the polymorphism the study was extended to platelet mRNA through reverse transcription, amplification and densitometric analysis. mRNA produced by the putative defective protein S genes was absent in three families and reduced to a different extent (as expressed by altered allelic ratios) in four families. The allelic ratios helped to distinguish total protein S deficiency (type I) from free protein S deficiency (type IIa) in families with equivocal phenotypes. This study indicates that the study of platelet mRNA, in association with phenotypic analysis based upon protein S assays in plasma, helps to classify patients with protein S deficiency.

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