scholarly journals Who are you, Professor N.W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, – zoologist, genetics, radiobiologist, ecologist, evolutionist...?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
I. M. Gudkov
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Radiation Biology ◽  
Target Theory ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
120Th Anniversary ◽  
Mutational Process ◽  
Scientific Achievements

To the 120th anniversary of the birth, information about the basic dates of life and creativity, as well as about the basic scientific achievements of the outstanding biologist Nikolay W. Timofeeff-Resovsky (1900–1981) is presented. The data on his contribution to genetics, radiation biology, ecology, the doctrine of microevolutionary processes are given. His works have played a major role in the development of molecular-physical approaches to the problems of genetics. He is regarded as one of the founders of radiation and population genetics. He is one of first who used the ionizing radiation, including a dense-ionizing radiation, for obtain of experimental mutations. He formulated a “hit-principle” and a “target theory” – the basis of modern quantitative radiobiology; a “principle of amplifier”, which explains how a single change, such as a gene mutation that can occur for energies of only a few electron-volts, activates forces that are several orders of magnitude larger and change the properties of the whole individual. He elaborated whole doctrine about microevolution – the emergence of new biological species, identified the elementary object of microevolution – population, elementary material – mutations, elementary factors – mutational process, elementary evolutionary phenomenon – stable change in the genotypic composition of the population. Based on the huge experimental material about migration of radionuclides in the environment and their uptake to living organisms, he formulated the main foundation of radiation ecology. The author summarizes the memories of meetings with scientist. Keywords: N.W. Timofeeff-Resovsky, radiation genetics, population genetics, radiation biology, radiation ecology, microevolution.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Ionizing Radiation Exposure in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Peloquin ◽  
Darrell S. Pardi ◽  
William J. Sandborn ◽  
Joel G. Fletcher ◽  
Cynthia H. McCollough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION DEVICES AND ANTENNAS MAY VIOLATE THE RIGHT TO LIFE PRINCIPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Herman Kelting
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Radio Frequency Radiation ◽  
Macro Cell ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right

This article proposesthat the Right to Life Principle, dened as “every person hasthe right to a natural birth and legitimate survival and development into adulthoodwithout environmental or othersystematic injury to theirwell-being,”may be violated byRFRemissionsfromcell phones,Wi-Fi,macro cell phone base stations (MCPBSs), 5G/4G small cell antennas (SCAs), etc. in excess of the standards set by the Building Biology Institute. BBI standardsset1000µW/m2as anextreme anomaly;theprecisedivisionpointofharm/noharmbelow1000µW/m2is unknown. I review literature describing (1) the Right to Life Principle, (2) the attributes of non-ionizing radiation, and (3) proven injury from cell phones, WiFi, MCPBSs, 5G/4G SCAs, etc. to living organisms with 20 categories of illnesses and 58 references. Non-ionizing radiation isshown to place a force eld on negatively charged particles including electrons, neurons, and DNA, and exciting/energizing electrons with shifts to outer orbits with energy emission when they return to ground orbit thereby destabilizing atoms, molecules, cells and organs in the process of orbital shifts. RFR induced illnesses include sperm damage, fetus injury, irreversibility infertility, emotional and hyperactive disorders, cancer, damage to DNA, the immune system, blood brain barrier, and stem cells, increasesin oxidative stress and free radicals, and harm to those living lessthan 500 metersfrom MCPBSs. My recommendationsto reduce injury from RFR are based upon review of the literature, experience in metering residential property and MCPBSsfor RFR, avoiding the use of RFR emitting devices and accessto line-of-sight antennas, and legislative proposalsto show the dangers of RFR devices and antennas by,for example,requiringnotice tobuyers andlessees ofresidentialpropertyof powerdensitieswithinhousingunits.

scholarly journals To the 120th anniversary of A.L. Chizhevsky’s birth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анатолий Гульельми ◽  
Anatol Guglielmi ◽  
Владимир Рубан ◽  
Vladimir Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Vector Potential ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Macroscopic Quantum ◽  
Quantum Objects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Scientific Essay ◽  
120Th Anniversary ◽  
Original Device

Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897–1964) is the founder of heliobiology. This paper is presented as a scientific essay and is dedicated to the memory of Chizhevsky. We briefly discuss an unusual aspect of heliobiology. It is closely related to the question as to whether living organisms are macroscopic quantum objects. There is no scientifically grounded answer to the question, but many scientists are inclined to give a positive answer based on indirect evidence. The project of biophysical experiment using an original device for excitation of the field of vector potential is described in the hope that in future such types of experiments will make it possible to clarify the question.

scholarly journals Haplotype-level DNA metabarcoding from freshwater macroinvertebrate community samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeselle Serrana ◽  
Kozo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Mixed Community

DNA metabarcoding is a robust method for environmental impact assessments of freshwater ecosystems that enables the simultaneous multi-species identification of complex mixed community samples from different origins using extracellular and total genomic DNA. The development and evaluation of DNA metabarcoding protocols for haplotype level resolution require attention, specifically for basic population genetic applications, i.e., analysis to allow genetic diversity estimations and dispersal abilities of the species present in the bulk community samples. Various literature has proposed using DNA metabarcoding for population genetics, and few studies have provided preliminary applications and proof of concepts that always refer to particular taxa. However, further exploration and assessment of the laboratory and bioinformatics strategies are required to unlock the potential of metabarcoding-based population-level ecological assessments. Here, we assessed the ability to infer haplotype information of freshwater macroinvertebrate species from DNA metabarcoding community sequence. Using mock samples with known Sanger-sequenced haplotypes, we also assayed the effects of PCR cycle for the detection and reduction of spurious haplotypes obtained from DNA metabarcoding. We tested our haplotyping strategy on a mock sample containing 20 specimens from four species with known haplotypes based on the 658-bp Folmer region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (mtCOI) gene. The read processing and denoising-step resulted in 14 zero-radius operational taxonomic units (ZOTUs) of 421-bp length, with 12 ZOTUs having 100% match with 12 of the mock haplotype sequences. The remaining eight haplotypes that were not detected from the DNA metabarcoding dataset were all the A. decemseta samples (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 ng/μL DNA template concentrations), two E. bulba (0.01 and 0.05 ng/μL), E. latifolium (0.01 ng/μL), and two K. tibialis (0.01 and 0.10 ng/μL). Given that most of the undetected samples had low concentrations, we report the influence of initial DNA template concentration on the amplification from a mock community sample. Our observation is in accordance with previous studies that reported that samples or taxa with low DNA template concentrations have lower detection probability. Accordingly, abundant taxa or samples with high biomass tend to have higher detection probabilities than those rare, smaller or have low biomass from mixed-community samples. The difference in biomass affects haplotypes' detection since most of the large specimens would be retained after read processing. Hence, these factors need to be addressed when metabarcoding-based haplotyping is to be used to infer abundance-based analysis for population genetics applications. The phylogenetic-based analysis (Fig. 1) revealed that the two ZOTUs without taxonomic matches clustered with one of the species from the mock sample. This supports our observation that only the samples with low concentration were unrepresented from the DNA metabarcoding data. Although we still reported false positive detections because two of the 14 ZOTUs failed to have a 100% match with the mock reference sequences, we could at least identify them as A. decemseta sequences based on the phylogenetic approach. Quality passing reads relatively increased with increasing cycle number, and the relative abundance of each ZOTUs was consistent for each cycle number. This suggests that increasing the cycle number, from 24 to 64, did not affect the relative abundance of quality passing filter reads. Our study demonstrated that DNA metabarcoding data could be used to infer intraspecific variability, showing promise for possible applications in population-based genetic studies. As DNA metabarcoding becomes more established and laboratory protocols and bioinformatics pipelines are continuously being developed, our proof of concept study demonstrated that the method could be used to infer intraspecific variability, showing promise for possible applications on population-based genetic studies.

scholarly journals An Open Question: Is Non-Ionizing Radiation a Tool for Controlling Apoptosis-Induced Proliferation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11159
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Hack ◽  
Luke J. Kinsey ◽  
Wendy S. Beane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Question

Non-ionizing radiation is commonly used in the clinical setting, despite its known ability to trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can lead to damage and cell death. Although induction of cell death is typically considered harmful, apoptosis can also be beneficial in the right context. For example, cell death can serve as the signal for new tissue growth, such as in apoptosis-induced proliferation. Recent data has shown that exposure to non-ionizing radiation (such as weak static magnetic fields, weak radiofrequency magnetic fields, and weak electromagnetic fields) is able to modulate proliferation, both in cell culture and in living organisms (for example during tissue regeneration). This occurs via in vivo changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are canonical activators of apoptosis. This review will describe the literature that highlights the tantalizing possibility that non-ionizing radiation could be used to manipulate apoptosis-induced proliferation to either promote growth (for regenerative medicine) or inhibit it (for cancer therapies). However, as uncontrolled growth can lead to tumorigenesis, much more research into this exciting and developing area is needed in order to realize its promise.

scholarly journals Ionizing Radiation and Complex DNA Damage: Quantifying the Radiobiological Damage Using Monte Carlo Simulations

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Chatzipapas ◽  
Panagiotis Papadimitroulas ◽  
Dimitris Emfietzoglou ◽  
Spyridon A. Kalospyros ◽  
Megumi Hada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Biology ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Mc Simulation

Ionizing radiation is a common tool in medical procedures. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are widely used when dosimetry is the matter of investigation. The scientific community has invested, over the last 20 years, a lot of effort into improving the knowledge of radiation biology. The present article aims to summarize the understanding of the field of DNA damage response (DDR) to ionizing radiation by providing an overview on MC simulation studies that try to explain several aspects of radiation biology. The need for accurate techniques for the quantification of DNA damage is crucial, as it becomes a clinical need to evaluate the outcome of various applications including both low- and high-energy radiation medical procedures. Understanding DNA repair processes would improve radiation therapy procedures. Monte Carlo simulations are a promising tool in radiobiology studies, as there are clear prospects for more advanced tools that could be used in multidisciplinary studies, in the fields of physics, medicine, biology and chemistry. Still, lot of effort is needed to evolve MC simulation tools and apply them in multiscale studies starting from small DNA segments and reaching a population of cells.

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