GIANT CELLS AND GIANT CELL LESIONS OF ORAL CAVITY- A REVIEW

Giant cell fibroma (GCF) is a rare case with unique histopathology. It belongs to the broad category of fibrous hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity. It is often mistaken with fibroma and papilloma due to its clinical resemblance. Only its peculiar histopathological features help us to distinguish it from them. The origin of the giant cell is still controversial. Data available is very sparse to predict the exact behavior. Hence, we report a case of GCF of tongue in a 19-year-old male. Special emphasis is given to understand the basic process of development of the lesion, nature of giant cells, and also the need for formation of these peculiar cells. Briefly, the differential diagnosis for GCF is tabulated.

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Towards better understanding of giant cell granulomas of the oral cavity

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206858 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jclinpath-2020-206858

Author(s):

Atif Ahmed ◽

Aparna Naidu

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Giant Cell Tumour ◽

Bone Cyst ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Biological Behaviour ◽

Precise Diagnosis ◽

Insight Into ◽

Recent Insight

Giant cell granulomas are enigmatic lesions of the oral cavity characterised by a peculiar combined proliferation of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells in a mesenchymal stromal background. Central and peripheral giant cell granulomas may have similar pathogenesis and histology but differ in their location and biological behaviour. It is important to differentiate them from other giant cell lesions that can occur in the oral cavity, such as giant cell tumour of the bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, and giant cell lesions of Ramon syndrome, Noonan syndrome, neurofibromatosis and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome. A recent insight into their molecular genetics and pathogenesis, with identification of KRAS, FGFR1 and TRPV4 mutations, allows for better diagnostic differentiation and opens the door to the use of pathway inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent or dysmorphic lesions. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the clinical and pathological features of oral cavity giant cell granulomas that help with their precise diagnosis and management.

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Giant Cells and Giant Cell Lesions of the Oral Cavity: a Review

International Journal of Contemporary Pathology ◽

10.5958/2395-1184.2015.00019.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Shikha Shrivastava ◽

OP Shrivastava ◽

Manish Saxena ◽

Chetan Shrivastava ◽

Ayushi Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Giant Cells

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Clinical and surgical management of peripheral giant cell granuloma

Revista Estomatología ◽

10.25100/re.v19i1.5723 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Vieyra Aranda ◽

Patricia Trejos Quiroz ◽

Claudia De León Torres ◽

Daniela Carmona Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

The Right

SUMMARYThe peripheral giant cell granuloma is anexophytic lesion developing in the oral cavity;it is one of the “reactive hyperplasias”The etiology is unknown In the literatureonly 12 cases have been reported in children,in these patients, it achieved rapidgrowth, behaving in an aggressive manneras it absorbed alveolar bone, leading totooth mobility and interferes with eruption.This article presents the case of a male 9years, 6 months old patient, who showeda red, soft, irregularly shaped gingivalswelling involving the right maxillarypremolars of 4cm in diameter with an ulcerin the oclusal side, asymptomatic and withshort evolution. Recurrence appeared inless than 6 months; histopathologic diagnosiswas peripheral giant cell granuloma,the treatment was surgical. The purpose ofthis study was to identify the peripheralgiant cell granuloma to avoid destructionof the alveolar bone, thus avoiding the lossof permanent teeth.Key words: Reactive hyperplasias, granuloma,giant cells.

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CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF JOINT DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE-TYPE TENOSYNOVIAL GIANT CELL TUMOR

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201912102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Olena O Dyadyk ◽

Anastasiia Hryhorovska

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Size ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Diffuse Type ◽

Association Coefficient ◽

Mean Values ◽

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

Introduction: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) (synonym – pigmented villonodular synovitis) – is a rare benign proliferative lesion of the synovial sheath, localized in the joint capsule, bursa or tendon sheath and characterized by locally destructive growth. Depending on the prevalence within the joint elements, the presence of a capsule around the tumor, histophotographic features of cell structure and clinical behavior TSGCT can be divided to localized or diffuse type. The aim of the study was researching of histopathological properties of diffuse-type TSGCT, determine the parameters its morphological indicators and to find out the correlation between these morphological and clinical parameters. Materials and methods: The research material was used biopsy (resect) of pathological lesions from 50 patients who were diagnosed and histologically verified diffuse-type TSGCT. Microscopic examinations of the stained sections and their photo archiving were carried out with use of a Olympus-CX 41 light optical microscope. Group measurable parameters (mean values and Pearson tetrachoric index (association coefficient) were calculated in groups of comparison for morphological and clinical indices of TSGCT. The mean values were compared by Student’s test, P value of ≤0.1 was considered statistically significant. Results:Correlation analysis of indicators that accounted for the pairs of cases «clinic – morphology» revealed the relationships, that had the highest parameters of the association coefficient between such indicators: «presence of villous growths» - «severity of hemosiderosis» (if hypertrophied synovial villi available, with vascular injection and pronounced proliferation of synovial cells, there is also a significant accumulation of hemosiderin pigment); «presence of villous growths» - «type of predominant cellular proliferates» (if cells of TSGCT diffuse type consists of monotonous sheets of stromal cells, with uniform, oval to reniform nuclei, the proliferation of villi in synovial layer is non-distinctive); «presence of nodes» - «kind of stroma» (if nodes predominate, their histological structure is mainly represented by polymorphic clusters of synovitis cells in the form of cells, strands, chains, solid formations, among immature connective tissue with low hyalinosis); «cell size (area, cm²)» - «severity of haemosiderosis» and «cell size (area, cm²)» - «the number of multinucleated giant cells» (there is a pronounced deposition of pigment and accumulation of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells type, although usually their number is relatively small compared to the localized type of TSGCT). Conclusions: Morphological parameters, that we have identified, characterize pathological changes in the tissues of TSGCT; careful analysis of the frequency of their occurrence in the different comparison groups made it possible to establish intergroup differences and correlations between individual indicators, which were previously unknown or not obvious. Our study was determine to analyze of incidence rates and correlation relationships, revealed some previously unknown differences and dependencies that are important for understanding the pathogenesis, improvement of diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse-type TSGCT.

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Massive peripheral giant cell granuloma associated with pregnancy

10.1055/s-0039-1685368 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Jain

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Ovarian Hormones ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Young Females ◽

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Nodular Lesions

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a relatively Common reactive exophytic lesion of the oral cavity. The influence of hormones has been suggested as contributory factor in PGCG development and predominance of these lesions in young females as well as some previously reported pregnancy related cases support this belief. It has been observed that majority of lesions present in the 4th decade of life, when hormonal changes are more pronounced. Cailluette and Mattar in their study found that peripheral giant cell granuloma are under the influence of the ovarian hormones. However Chambers and Spector suggested peripheral giant cell granuloma to be enhanced by pregnancy rather than being pregnancy dependent. The responsiveness of gingiva to these hormones along with the immunosuppressive actions of the hormones contributes to the growth of the lesion. Clinically, PGCGs may present as polypoid or nodular lesions, predominantly bluish red with a smooth shiny or mamillated surface.This poster will review the literature available on the association of Massive Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma With Pregnancy with focus on possible causes of PGCG during pregnancy.

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Anti-IL17 antibody Secukinumab therapy is associated with ossification in giant cell tumor of bone: a case report of pathologic similarities and therapeutic potential similar to Denosumab

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04182-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Chandler ◽

Meredith K. Bartelstein ◽

Tomohiro Fujiwara ◽

Cristina R. Antonescu ◽

John H. Healey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Giant cell tumor of bone is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment method. However, for cases in which resection poses an increased risk to the patient, denosumab (anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody) is considered. Secukinumab is an anti-IL-17 antibody that is used in psoriatic arthritis to reduce bone resorption and articular damage. Case presentation One case of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in a patient treated with secukinumab for psoriatic arthritis demonstrated findings significant for intra-lesional calcifications. Histologic examination showed ossification, new bone formation, and remodeling. A paucity of osteoclast type giant cells was noted. Real-time quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed decreased osteoclast function compared to treatment-naive GCTB. Conclusions Secukinumab may play a role in bone remodeling for GCTB. Radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists should be aware of this interaction, which can cause lesional ossification. Further research is required to define the therapeutic potential of this drug for GCTB and osteolytic disease.

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GIANT CELL PNEUMONIA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.18.6.888 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 888-898

Author(s):

J. M. Adams ◽

D. T. Imagawa ◽

Miye Yoshimori ◽

R. W. Huntington

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Pathologic Finding ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Cell Production

In two fatal cases of measles the major pathologic finding was a pneumonia characterized principally by giant cells and inclusion bodies. The pattern was not dissimilar to that encountered in two cases of "primary pneumonitis with inclusion bodies," evidently not due to measles. The development of giant cells has been illustrated in tissue cultures infected with adenoviruses and measles viruses, and in ferrets infected with distemper viruses. Conspicuous giant cell production in the lung appears to be a rather general viral phenomenon, not peculiar to any one virus.

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The mechanism of mouse egg-cylinder morphogenesis in vitro

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.61.1.277 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 277-287

Author(s):

A. J. Copp

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Formation ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Cell Number ◽

Dependent Change ◽

Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽

Trophoblast Giant Cells

The number of trophoblast giant cells in outgrowths of mouse blastocysts was determined before, during and after egg-cylinder formation in vitro. Giant-cell numbers rose initially but reached a plateau 12 h before the egg cylinder appeared. A secondary increase began 24 h after egg-cylinder formation. Blastocysts whose mural trophectoderm cells were removed before or shortly after attachment in vitro formed egg cylinders at the same time as intact blastocysts but their trophoblast outgrowths contained fewer giant cells at this time. The results support the idea that egg-cylinder formation in vitro is accompanied by a redirection of the polar to mural trophectoderm cell movement which characterizes blastocysts before implantation. The resumption of giant-cell number increase in trophoblast outgrowths after egg-cylinder formation may correspond to secondary giant-cell formation in vivo. It is suggested that a time-dependent change in the strength of trophoblast cell adhesion to the substratum occurs after blastocyst attachment in vitro which restricts the further entry of polar cells into the outgrowth and therefore results in egg-cylinder formation.

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Giant Cell Granuloma of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report With Immunohistochemical, Enzyme Histochemical, and In Vitro Studies

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2003-127-1217-gcgott ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 127 (9) ◽

pp. 1217-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue-Fei Tian ◽

Tie-Jun Li ◽

Shi-Feng Yu

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Temporal Bone ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Ki 67 ◽

The Right ◽

Histochemical Reactivity

Abstract A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.

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