scholarly journals Hjernen i Immanuel Kants senværk og Cathrine Malabous samtidskritik

2018 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Steen Nepper Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Late Work ◽  
The Brain

In his late work Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht (1798), Immanuel Kant depicts the internal processes in the brain as something that cannot have the interest of a pragmatic anthropology. His profound teleology of nature does not bind the idea of man’s selfperfection to the nature of the brain. In her work Que faire de notre cerveau? (What Should We Do With Our Brain?) from 2004, Catherine Malabou argues that this question of what we should do with our brain needs a self-conscious and political answer. We can and should try to regain control of the processes that mold the cerebral constitution of man. This article discusses the arguments behind the two opposite ʻpositions’ in practical philosophy in a broader philosophical anthropological perspective. What are the limits of Kant’s approach to the brain and does Malabou’s normative project find its take-off in voluntarism?

scholarly journals Immanuel Kant and Herman Cohen’s philosophy of religion

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Belov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra Yu. Berdnikova ◽  
Yulia G. Karagod ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article analyzes the main characteristic features of the philosophy of religion of the founder of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism Hermann Cohen. Special attention is paid to Cohen’s criticism and reinterpretation of Kant’s “practical philosophy” from the point of view of the philosophy of religion: Cohen supplements and expands Kant’s provisions on moral law and moral duty, interpreting them as divine commandments. The authors emphasize the fundamental importance for Cohen of the “internal similarity” between Kant’s ethical teaching and the main provisions of Judaism. The sources of Kant’s own ideas about the Jewish tradition are shown, which include the work of Moses Mendelssohn “Jerusalem” and the “Theologicalpolitical treatise” by Baruch Spinoza. Cohen’s criticism of these works is analyzed an much attention is paid to the consideration of Cohen’s attitude to Spinoza’s philosophical legacy in general. The interpretation of the postulates of Judaism by Cohen (and their “inner kinship” with Kant’s moral philosophy) in ethical, logical, and political contexts is presented. Cohen’s understanding of such religious-philosophical and doctrinal phenomena as law, grace, Revelation, teaching, the Torah, messianism, freedom, the Old Testament and the New Testament, etc. is provided and analyzed. The main points of Cohen’s religious teaching as “ethical monotheism” are considered; in particular, the authors analyze his understanding of the idea of God as “the only one”, which is highlighted in the works of Paul Natorp. It is concluded that Cohen’s philosophy of religion, which is based on the postulates of Judaism as well as Kant’s “practical philosophy”, could be characterized by the terms “ethical monotheism”, “universalism” and “humanism”.

The Inner Drama of the Body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wilson Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Music Drama ◽  
The Brain

Wagnerites and anti-Wagnerites frequently agreed at least in this: that the novelty of Wagner’s art was that it was directed first and foremost at the nerves. And it was not simply audience members who understood Wagner’s music dramas as essentially neural; it was also Wagner himself. Critics have long appreciated the importance of Wagner’s Beethoven essay of 1870, an essay that theorizes Wagner’s late movement toward “inner drama” and toward the dominance of music over text. Largely unappreciated, however, is the central importance of the neurological sciences in this transition; what Wagner aimed at in this essay was not simply the inner drama of the psyche but also—and inextricably—the inner drama of the body: that is, the drama of the brain and the nervous system. It is this profoundly neuropsychological understanding of art that drives Wagner’s late work—above all his final music drama, Parsifal.

24. Kant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin A. Flikschuh
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Short Biography ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the political ideas of Immanuel Kant. Kant is widely regarded as a precursor to current political liberalism. There are many aspects of Kant's political philosophy, including his property argument, that remain poorly understood and unjustly neglected. Many other aspects, including his cosmopolitanism, reveal Kant as perhaps one of the most systematic and consistent political thinkers. Underlying all these aspects of his political philosophy is an abiding commitment to his epistemological method of transcendental idealism. After providing a short biography of Kant, this chapter considers his epistemology as well as the relationship between virtue and justice in his practical philosophy. It also explores a number of themes in Kant's political thinking, including the idea of external freedom, the nature of political obligation, the vindication of property rights, the denial of a right to revolution, and the cosmopolitan scope of Kantian justice.

Verbunden, nicht vermischt. Zum Verhältnis physiologischer und transzendentalphilosophischer Erklärungen bei Kant

Kant-Studien ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-443
Author(s):  
Katharina Blühm
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
German Original ◽  
Virtual Presence ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In his appendix to Soemmerring’s On the organ of the soul, Kant famously rejects the idea of a local presence or seat of the soul in the brain as fundamentally misguided. „By contrast, a virtual presence“ of the soul, considered as a conceptual construct, is said to make it possible to treat „the question regarding the sensorium commune as a merely physiological task“. Where Kant’s German original reads „möglich“, Arnulf Zweig in The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant translates surprisingly as „impossible“. This cardinal error shall be communicated to readers who do not habitually consult the German original. Against this background, I illuminate the Kantian position (1) with in-depth material from Kant’s respective drafts and (2) in contrast to the syncretistic–materialistic approach of Johann Jacob Wilhelm Heinse.

Skulls, Brains, and Memorial Culture: On Cerebral Biographies of Scientists in the Nineteenth Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hagner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Biographical Sketches ◽  
The Brain

ArgumentIn this paper I will argue that the scientific investigation of skulls and brains of geniuses went hand in hand with hagiographical celebrations of scientists. My analysis starts with late-eighteenth century anatomists and anthropologists who highlighted quantitative parameters such as the size and weight of the brain in order to explain intellectual differences between women and men and Europeans and non-Europeans, geniuses and ordinary persons. After 1800 these parameters were modified by phrenological inspections of the skull and brain. As the phrenological examination of the skulls of Immanuel Kant, Wilhelm Heinse, Arthur Schopenhauer and others shows, the anthropometrical data was interpreted in light of biographical circumstances. The same pattern of interpretation can be found in non-phrenological contexts: Reports about extraordinary brains were part of biographical sketches, mainly delivered in celebratory obituaries. It was only in this context that moral reservations about dissecting the brains of geniuses could be overcome, which led to a more systematic investigation of brains of geniuses after 1860.

Immanuel Kant: Theoretical Philosophy

Philosophy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Systematic Importance ◽  
Theoretical Philosophy

The historical and systematic importance of Kant’s philosophy can hardly be exaggerated. The revolutionary contribution it made to earlier modern philosophy, the influence it had on the subsequent course of philosophical thought, and the significance it has for an understanding of our current situation are unparalleled. Given its importance, it is not surprising that scholarship on Kant’s philosophy has also been extremely rich, with attention being paid both to specific sections of Kant’s famous Critique of Pure Reason and to the systematic topics that are treated therein. While Kant’s practical philosophy and aesthetics are revolutionary in their own right, the focus in the present context is on Kant’s theoretical philosophy, which is expressed primarily, though not exclusively, in the Critique of Pure Reason.

Andra Rubeņa un dažu citu filozofu kritiskās piezīmes par Imanuela Kanta praktisko filozofiju

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Zaigonis Graumanis
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Moral Rule ◽  
Equal Sign ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul

The article focuses on critical remarks made by acknowledged Latvian philosophers on the practical philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The levels of criticism vary. One of the authors does not criticise Kant's philosophy, but gives an exact description of his teaching. Some other authors show the weaknesses of this philosophy, but Peteris Zalite has openly criticised Kant's teaching of freedom in his doctoral thesis. This article looks in detail at what was written in this regard by Larisa Chuhina (1913-2002) and Andris Rubenis (1951-2017), as well as provides analysis of Kant's work on the grounds of “Metaphysics of virtues” (1785), “Criticism of the practical mind” (1788) and “Metaphysics of virtues” (1797). At the end of the article, the author turns to I. Kant's teaching on the relationship between theoretical and practical minds. The author does not agree with the idea that the theoretical mind and the practical mind are actually the same. The structures of the practical mind include free will, the moral rule, the categorising imperatives, the existence of God, and the immortality of the soul. The author of this article strives to prove that in the human psyche the forms of the practical mind are more strongly anchored than the forms of the theoretical mind, and consequently no equal sign can be put between them.

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