POSSIBILITIES OF REDUCING HERBICIDE USE IN WEED CONTROL IN SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

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Postemergence Control of Italian Ryegrass in Hazelnut Orchards

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.41 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Marcelo L. Moretti

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Field Studies ◽

Early Spring ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Specific Response ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Effective Option ◽

Contrast Analysis ◽

Herbicide Use

Abstract Italian ryegrass has become a problematic weed in hazelnut orchards of Oregon because of the presence of herbicide-resistant populations. Resistant and multiple-resistant Italian ryegrass populations are now the predominant biotypes in Oregon; there is no information on which herbicides effectively control Italian ryegrass in hazelnut orchards. Six field studies were conducted in commercial orchards to evaluate Italian ryegrass control with POST herbicides. Treatments included flazasulfuron, glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, rimsulfuron, and sethoxydim applied alone or in selected mixtures during early spring when plants were in the vegetative stage. Treatment efficacy was dependent on the experimental site. The observed range of weed control 28 d after treatment was 13 to 76 % for glyphosate, 1 to 72% for paraquat, 58 to 88% for glufosinate, 16 to 97 % for flazasulfuron, 8 to 94% for rimsulfuron, and 25 to 91% for sethoxydim. Herbicides in mixtures improved control of Italian ryegrass compared to single active ingredients based on contrast analysis. Herbicides in mixture increased control by 27% compared to glyphosate, 18% to rimsulfuron, 15% to flazasulfuron, 19% to sethoxydim, and 12% compared to glufosinate when averaged across all sites, but mixture not always improved ground coverage of biomass reduction. This complex site-specific response highlights the importance of record-keeping for efficient herbicide use. Glufosinate is an effective option to manage Italian ryegrass. However, the glufosinate-resistant biotypes documented in Oregon may jeopardize this practice. Non-chemical weed control options are needed for sustainable weed management in hazelnuts.

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Risks of post-emergence weed control strategies in sugar beet: development and application of a bio-economic model

Agricultural Systems ◽

10.1016/s0308-521x(99)00010-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 283-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.J de Buck ◽

H.B Schoorlemmer ◽

G.A.A Wossink ◽

S.R.M Janssens

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Economic Model ◽

Control Strategies

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Weed control in sugar beet with single and split applications of herbicides

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600024382 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maurice Eddowes

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

The West ◽

West Midlands ◽

Free Environment ◽

Annual Weeds ◽

Residual Herbicide

SummaryRecent developments in chemical weed control in sugar beet have been reviewed. Two main approaches to the problem of providing reliable season-long control of annual weeds in sugar beet are, (a) the use of mixtures of herbicides applied pre-planting and incorporated into the soil during seed bed preparation, and (b) the use of split applications with a residual herbicide applied pre-emergence followed by a contact herbicide applied post-emergence.The second approach (b) was examined in a series of field experiments from 1967 to 1969, on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands. Comparisons were made between pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon, pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon followed by post-emergence application of phenmedipham, and post-emergence application of phenmedipham for weed control in sugar beet.Under dry soil conditions in April 1967, lenacil and pyrazon controlled only about 40% of the annual weeds, but in 1968 and 1969, when moist soil conditions predominated in April and May, lenacil and pyrazon controlled 80–95% of the annual weeds.Phenmedipham applied post-emergence gave about 90% control of annual broadleaved weeds initially, but it seemed unlikely that a single application of this herbicide would provide satisfactory weed control in sugar beet.In each of the 3 years 1967–9, a split application of a soil-acting residual herbicide (pro-emergence) followed by phenmedipham (post-emergence) gave outstanding weed control and enabled sugar beet to be established and grown until mid-June at least, in a near weed-free environment. It was concluded that this technique was the most effective for weed control in sugar beet on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands.

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Weed management practices in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional cotton fields in Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05163 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. A. Werth ◽

C. Preston ◽

G. N. Roberts ◽

I. N. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Roundup Ready ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Cotton Fields ◽

Herbicide Use

Forty growers in 4 major cotton-growing regions in Australia were surveyed in 2003 to investigate how the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant cotton (Roundup Ready) had influenced herbicide use, weed management techniques, and whether changes to the weed spectrum could be identified. The 10 most common weeds reported on cotton fields were the same in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional fields in this survey. Herbicide use patterns were altered by the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant cotton with up to 6 times more glyphosate usage, but 21% fewer growers applying pre-emergence herbicides in glyphosate-tolerant fields. Other weed control practices such as the use of post-emergence herbicides, inter-row cultivation and hand hoeing were only reduced marginally. However, growers indicated that management practices are likely to change over time, especially with the introduction of enhanced glyphosate tolerance technology (Roundup Ready Flex), and anticipate a 32% decrease in the number of growers using alternative weed management practices. To date, management practices other than glyphosate use have not changed markedly in glyphosate-tolerant cotton indicating a conservative approach by growers adopting this technology and reflecting the narrow window of herbicide application. The range of weed control options still being employed in glyphosate-tolerant cotton would not increase the risk of glyphosate resistance development.

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Cultural Practices Affecting Season-Long Weed Control in Irrigated Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500059348 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 460-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Russell S. Moomaw ◽

Alex R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Herbicide Use

Season-long weed control has been a goal of some producers of irrigated corn (Zea maysL.) to reduce competition, lessen weed seed production, facilitate crop harvest, improve water efficiency (particularly with furrow irrigation), and improve aesthetic properties of fields. Field experiments were conducted for 3 yr on sprinkler-irrigated corn on a loamy fine sand. Five herbicides applied at layby generally provided season-long control of grass weeds and reduced weed seed production up to 100%. Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] was particularly effective. Yields of irrigated corn were not increased by layby herbicide application. Use of corn rows spaced 91 cm apart and use of a shorter, early-maturing, horizontal-leaf corn cultivar resulted in greater weed growth and weed seed production than did use of 76-cm rows and a taller, full-season, upright-leaf corn cultivar. After nearly complete weed control with herbicides for 2 yr, withholding herbicide use in the third year allowed weed growth which reduced corn yield. Indications were that weed control efforts need to be continuous in irrigated corn production.

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International Study Meeting on Selective Weed Control in Sugar Beet Crops

Weed Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3180.1967.tb01379.x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 252-253

Author(s):

G. W. Cussans

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

International Study

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Season-long weed control with sequential herbicide programs in California tree nut crops

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.70 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 834-842

Author(s):

Caio A. C. G. Brunharo ◽

Seth Watkins ◽

Bradley D. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Control Program ◽

Early Spring ◽

High Rate ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tree Nut ◽

Herbicide Use ◽

Herbicide Programs ◽

Grass Weed

AbstractWeed control in tree nut orchards is a year-round challenge for growers that is particularly intense during winter through summer as a result of competition and interference with management and harvest operations. A common weed control program consists of an application of a winter PRE and POST herbicide mixture, followed by a desiccation treatment in early spring and before harvest. Because most spring and summer treatments depend on a limited number of foliar-applied herbicides, summer-germinating species and/or herbicide-resistant biotypes become troublesome. Previous research has established effective PRE herbicide programs targeting winter glyphosate-resistant weeds. However, more recently, growers have reported difficulties in controlling several summer-germinating grass weeds with documented or suspected resistance to the spring and summer POST herbicide programs. In this context, research was conducted to evaluate a sequential PRE approach to control winter- and summer-germinating orchard weeds. Eight field experiments were conducted in tree nut orchards to evaluate the efficacy of common winter herbicide programs and a sequential herbicide program for control of a key summer grass weed species. In the sequential-application strategy, three foundational herbicide programs applied in the winter were either mixed with pendimethalin, followed with pendimethalin in March, or applied as a split application of pendimethalin in both winter and spring. Results indicate that the addition of pendimethalin enhanced summer grass weed control throughout the crop growing season by up to 31%. Applying all or part of the pendimethalin in the spring improved control of the summer grass weed junglerice by up to 49%. The lower rate of pendimethalin applied in the spring performed as well as the high rate in the winter, suggesting opportunities for reducing herbicide inputs. Tailoring sequential herbicide programs to address specific weed challenges can be a viable strategy for improving orchard weed control without increasing herbicide use in some situations.

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ARE THERE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADJUVANTS USED WITH GLYPHOSATE FOR WEED CONTROL IN SUGAR BEET?

American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist ◽

10.5274/assbt.2013.15 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Don W. Morishita ◽

Donald L. Shouse ◽

J. Daniel Henningsen ◽

Andy Nagy

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control

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Effect of row width on herbicide and cultivation requirements in row crops

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300004756 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Frank Forcella ◽

Mark E. Westgate ◽

Dennis D. Warnes

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Row Crops ◽

Low Input ◽

Application Rates ◽

Row Width ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Herbicide Use

AbstractCrops grown in narrow rows (NR, 0.25 to 0.38 m) shade weed seedlings more than do those grown in traditional wide rows (WR, 0.76 m). NR crops may require less herbicide and interrow cultivation than WR crops for equally effective weed control. This hypothesis was tested by comparing weed control and crop yield in NR and WR crops when the following percentages of recommended application rates (RAR) of standard herbicides were applied: soybean, 0, 50 and 100%; sunflower, 0, 25, 50, and 100%; and corn, 0, 33, and 100% in three separate sets of experiments conducted over 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. In all treatments with 100% RAR, excellent weed control prevented reductions in crop yield. When only 25 to 50% RAR was applied, weed control was consistently high in NR (82 to 99% control), but variable in WR (42 to 99% control). Weed control and crop yields typically were lowest in NR without herbicides. Interrow cultivation controlled 0 to 81% of weeds in WR crops. In reduced herbicide treatments (25 to 50% RAR), yields of NR soybean and sunflower typically were about equal to those in WR with 100% RAR, but NR corn yields were about 10% less. Considering the reduced herbicide use and lower weed control costs, planting corn, soybean, and sunflower in narrow rows may represent a practical form of low-input production of these important crops.

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