scholarly journals Reconstruction of the morphology and hydrography of the centre of Kraków before the mid-13th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Łajczak ◽  
Roksana Zarychta
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Town ◽  
Surfer Software

The paper concerns investigations on urban geomorphology. The subject of the paper is the historic centre of Kraków (or Cracow) where the pre-human relief became masked due to the rapid increase in cultural deposits from the mid-13th century onwards. The aim of the investigation is the reconstruction of the original topography, relief and hydrography of this area based on rich sources of materials in papers and non-published data on geology, geoengineering, archaeology, history, and also on maps and panoramic drawings of the town. A digital elevation model has been generated, which showed the topography of the study area in the period before the mid-13th century. Structural analysis, cross validation test and estimation by ordinary kriging method were carried out. The final cartographic work was prepared with the use of QGIS and Surfer software. The distribution of landforms in the study area in the mid-13th century is presented as a proposed variant of the geomorphological map prepared by the authors. The former relief was evaluated in terms of its potential for encouraging settlement.

Impacts of coarse-resolution soil maps and high-resolution digital-elevation-model-generated attributes on modelling forest soil zinc and copper

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zhengyong Zhao ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Xiaogang Ding ◽  
Zisheng Xing
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Coarse Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

The depth-specific zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) maps with high resolution (i.e., ≤10 m) are important for soil and forest management and conservation. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of easily accessible model inputs, i.e., existing coarse-resolution parent material, pH, and soil texture maps with 1:1 800 000–2 800 000 scale and nine digital elevation model (DEM)-generated terrain attributes with 10 m resolution, on modelling Zn and Cu distributions of forest soil over a large area (e.g., thousands of km2). A total of 511 artificial neural network (ANN) models for each depth (20 cm increments to 100 cm) were built and evaluated by a 10-fold cross-validation with 385 soil profiles from the Yunfu forest, South China, about 4915 km2 areas. The results indicated that the optimal models for five depths engaged five to seven DEM-generated attributes together with three coarse-resolution soil attributes as inputs, respectively, and accuracies for estimating Zn and Cu varied with R2 of 0.76–0.85 and relative overall accuracy ±10% of 74%–86%. The produced maps showed that DEM-generated sediment delivery ratio, topographic position index (TPI), and aspect were the most important attributes for predicting Cu, but flow length, TPI, and slope were for Zn, which heavily affected Zn and Cu distributions in detail. Boundaries of three coarse-resolution maps were still visible in the generated maps indicated that the maps affected the distributions of Zn and Cu in large scales. Thus, the modelling method, i.e., developing ANN models with k-fold cross-validation, can be used to map high-resolution Zn and Cu over a large area.

scholarly journals Topography and Geomorphological units impact on the Saidsadiq town expansion ,by Using Geographical information System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-460
Author(s):  
Omed Hamabaqi Hama ameen ◽  
Kawa Jabar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Form ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geomorphological Units ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The main goal of this investigation is to indicate the influnce of Topographic and Geomorphogical Unit on expansion of Saidsadiq town from (1965 to 2019 ) , and analyse the influnce of the slope and landform upon the directive expansion of the town , with signifying the factors of expansion the town towards the directions dependens on the map of expension with satellite images which have been recieved from (NASA-G DEM VERSION) on (USGS) site with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by resolution (30 m) on the reaserch area . finally the investigation concludes a set of conclusions and results including the land form limited and restricted the directions of expansions of the town and The City taken the shape of Star ,expandin most of the towns area on the sediment pedimont due to easiness of building houses and connection services upon it.        

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE OLD TOWN HALL IN SIERADZ

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (47) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Adriana Sowała ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

The Old Town in Sieradz is one of the oldest and best-preserved medieval urban complexes in Poland. In its center there is the Old Market Square, which was marked out at the intersection of important trade routes in the 13th century. Unfortunately, to this day, the center-market buildings, including the town hall, have not been preserved. Moreover, no photo or drawing showing the appearance of the Sieradz seat of municipal authorities has survived. In connection with the above, the article attempts to present the history of the repeatedly rebuilt town hall in Sieradz from different periods, as well as plans for its reconstruction. For this purpose, the available archival materials, the results of archaeological research and the literature on the subject were used, the analysis of which allowed to draw conclusions about the history of the town hall in Sieradz.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Changes in Topography of Town Caused by Human Impact, Krakow City Centre, Southern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Adam Łajczak ◽  
Roksana Zarychta ◽  
Grzegorz Wałek
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Topographic Parameters

For the area of historic centre of Krakow (area 9.29 km2), southern Poland, base maps were prepared showing hypsometry and distribution of landforms in historical variant (ca. 1000 AD) and current variant, based on published data mainly from archaeological and geoengineering research carried out for the last 60 years, and including geographic information system (GIS) tools. The aim of the work is to establish changes in undulation of the area studied within the landforms (Vistula riverbed, Holocene alluvial plain, Pleistocene terrace, limestone hills) over the last millennium. Topographic parameters calculated on the basis of the base maps (local relative height, mean slope, limit of areas without aspect and with N, E, S and W aspects) were considered. These changes were linked with dominating trends of the altitude increase due to the development of large area embankments and of convex landforms. The assessment of changes of land undulation includes four authorial methods of quantitative determination of topography changes. Until the beginning of the 19th century land flattening occurred in most of the area of the town centre. Then the increase of local relative heights started to predominate which resulted in changes of other topographic parameters. Differentiated changes, both positive and negative, in the area undulation with altitude increase were determined.

scholarly journals Дунд масштабын геоморфологийн зураг боловсруулах аргазүйн асуудалд

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Баянжаргал Б ◽  
Нямхүү М
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Topographical Map ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Elevation Model

In order to classify morphology and morphogenetic features of Mongolian eastern region, it is based on the field study measurements, high accurate digital elevation model (DEM), large scale topographical map and targeted to use mapping methodology on chosen territory. We have used geomorphological mapping traditional method and modern advanced technology for this study. As a result, we have received more precise results. According to describing of Mechislav Klimaschewski: Geomorphological map must include appearance, size, origin, age, location of morphology, some information of boundaries between them, also morphometry, morphography, morphogenetic and morph chronical information. As a result of this study, we have mapped geomorphological map based on principle of morphogenetic. This map is consists of 4 groups, 12 features, 58 sub features of origin, and map legends are imaged by map symbols and different colors. Depending on map scale, some morphological features which are impossible to denote are denoted by point and line symbols.

scholarly journals Geomorphological mapping of Messogia plain (East Attica, Greece).

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Skentos ◽  
N. Liosis ◽  
K. Pavlopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
Elevation Model

This study concerns the geomorphological mapping of the area included in the map sheets Koropi and Plaka of the Hellenic Military Geographical Service map distribution in scale 1:50.000. This is an extensive area of East Attica which presents a complex terrain and a wide variety of landforms, due to its intense tectonism and the natural processes that shaped its morphology. The primary data that were used in the creation of the map mainly included geological and topographic maps, from which thematic layers of the topography, hydrography and geology were constructed through GIS processes. A Digital Elevation Model was also constructed, from which the slope and aspect maps were created. The thematic maps of slοpe and lithology were classified into categories, which were combined to constitute detection criteria of landforms. Decisive contribution in mapping was provided by the available orthophotomaps and aerial photographs, as well as the field work. Finally, with the appropriate combination of colors and symbols the geomorphological map of the study area was produced.

scholarly journals Structural-geomorphological aspects of the Petrinja earthquake M6.2 (Croatia) - preliminary considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Neven Bočić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Town ◽  
East West

A strong earthquake of magnitude 6.2 with the epicentre near the town of Petrinja occurred on December 29th, 2020 in the fault zone of the right strike-slip Pokupsko Fault in Croatia. The aim of this study was to determine if there are geomorphological indicators of active tectonics in this area. General morphometric methods based on a digital elevation model with a resolution of 10 m were used. Geomorphological indicators of active tectonics were also determined based on topographic maps and hillshade relief. All the collected data were used to reconstruct the traces of the main morpholineaments on the surface and to determine the main morphostructures. It was found that the central part of the studied area, Hrastovička Gora, has morphological features possibly corresponding to a pop-up structure (positive flower) and that it consists of two separate morphostructures. They are separated from each other by an east-west oriented morpholineament, which is a possible segment of the Pokupsko Fault. Comparison of the collected results with the data on the location of the epicentres of the Petrinja series earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and higher, which occurred in the period from December 28th, 2020 to March 3rd, 2021, indicates the possibility that these earthquakes were related to this restraining bending zone of the right horizontal Pokupsko Fault, which should be studied in more detail in the future.

scholarly journals PRECISÃO DO MODELO DIGITAL DE ELEVAÇÃO (SRTM-Topodata) COM BASE EM DADOS DE PROJETOS DE APROVEITAMENTOS HIDRELÉTRICOS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Marcel Medinas de Campos ◽  
Rafael Pedrollo Paes ◽  
Ana Rubia De Carvalho Bonilha Silva ◽  
Ibraim Fantin-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
River Cross Section

A precisão altimétrica do Modelo Digital de Elevação – MDE tem sido tema de diversos estudos. Essa precisão exerce forte influência sobre as informações extraídas desses dados. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo compara dados observados em projetos de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos com dados extraídos do MDE. A comparação de dados altimétricos de informações extraídas pelo MDE com as contidas no Projeto Básico Ambiental – PBA desses empreendimentos, assumido como informação verdadeira, foi feita com o intuito de analisar o erro das informações extraídas do MDE em relação aos dados contidos no PBA e assim verificar a confiança nesse tipo de estimativa. Foram calculados o erro e o coeficiente de determinação de Pearson entre a altura da barragem (determinada com base no MDE) em relação à altura apresentada no PBA. Também foi comparada uma seção topobatimétrica do PBA com a mesma seção extraída pelo MDE. O erro relativo médio e o coeficiente de determinação entre as cinco alturas (estimadas e de projeto) foi de 11% e 0,874, respectivamente. O coeficiente de determinação, o erro médio quadrático e o erro médio entre as seções foram de 0,98, 1,56 e -0,02, respectivamente. A análise evidenciou que há erros em relação às informações extraídas do MDE. Entretanto, considerando a escala utilizada nesse estudo, os erros foram menores que os observados na literatura.Palavras-chave: MDE validação, Altura de barragem, Seção topobatimétrica. ALTIMETRY ACCURACY OF THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (SRTM-Topodata) BASED ON DESIGNS OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS DATA ABSTRACT: The altimetry accuracy measurements of the Digital Elevation Model - DEM have been the subject of several studies. This accuracy plays an important role on information extracted from these data. In this context, this study compares data observed in designs of hydroelectric power plants with data extracted from the DEM. The comparison between the altimetry of data extracted from the DEM with those contained in the Basic Environmental Project - BEP of these facilities, assumed as the true information, was done with the purpose of analyzing the error of the information extracted from the DEM in relation to the data contained in the BEP and thus verifying the confidence in this type of estimate. The error and the coefficient of determination between the dam height (determined based on the DEM) and the dam height presented in the BEP were calculated. Moreover, a river cross section published in the BEP was contrasted with the same cross section extracted from the DEM. The mean relative error and the coefficient of determination between the five heights (estimated and projected) was 11% and 0.874, respectively. The coefficient of determination, mean square error and mean error between sections were 0.98, 1.56 and -0,02, respectively. The analysis evidenced that there are errors in relation to the information extracted from the DEM. However, considering the scale used in this study, the errors were smaller than those observed in the literature.Keywords: DEM validation, dam height, cross section.

scholarly journals Models for Estimating Soil Erosion in the Middle and Lower Vasluieţ Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan ROȘCA, ◽  
Ionuț VASILINIUC ◽  
George TOPȘA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
Elevation Model

In this paper, several models of estimating soil erosion have been compared, with a special emphasis on pixel-based calculation of soil loss. The paper describes and analyzes the differences between USLE, RUSLE 3D and USPED models, with an accent on the formula proposed by Moţoc et al  . (1975). The materials used in the modeling process were the digital elevation model (DEM) at a 10m resolution, 1:10,000 soil maps created by OSPA Vaslui including the analytical data attached, ortophotoplans and LANDSAT images for C factor extraction. For each model, the necessary layers have been derived according to specifications provided by the original authors. Moreover, a review of the Romanian literature on the subject has been conducted. After calculating soil erosion according to each model, results were compared with the absolute values measured by various research centers and values obtained by other authors. It has been found that the values obtained are comparable with those of other authors, and even with those from runoff plots. The main conclusion of the paper is that the Romanian version of the USLE equation needs to be updated, and some factors such as rainfall erosivity and soil erodability re-evaluated. The use of such a version would make all the applicat ions’ results comparable.

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