scholarly journals SIMULATING THE SENSITIVITY OF UNDERGROUND VENTILATION NETWORKS TO FLUCTUATING AMBIENT CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ryan Fair ◽  
Jean van Laar ◽  
Kristy Nell ◽  
Diaan Nell ◽  
Edward Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Effective Ventilation ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The weather directly impacts ventilation systems, especially large industrial systems found in underground mines. Underground mine ventilation systems have high cost implications that add to the financial strains and uncertainties of future mining operations. In addition, the dynamic nature of underground ventilation systems makes the accurate prediction of underground conditions extremely difficult using traditional steady-state methods. Therefore, improved prediction methods of dynamic underground environmental conditions are needed to ensure cost-effective ventilation systems. This paper investigates simulating the sensitivity that underground ventilation systems have to fluctuating ambient conditions. Simulation software was applied to a case study on a gold mine in South Africa. The results showed that transient software can now be applied to entire mine ventilation systems, and can improve predicting the underground environment because of fluctuating ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Intelligent Ventilation Systems in Mining Engineering: Is ZigBee WSN Technology the Best Choice?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mario Di Nardo ◽  
Haoxuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ventilation Systems

With the continuous development and progress of the mining industry, various technologies in mining engineering have gradually developed towards the intelligent stage, and the ventilation system is no exception. Since ancient times, mine ventilation has been a necessary part of mining engineering, and so the optimization of mine ventilation undoubtedly plays a great role in mining production. This two-part opinion paper briefly introduces the development of the intelligent ventilation in mining engineering and serves as a guide to the Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem, with implications for both the development and the future of the underground mine ventilation systems. Finally, in the second part of the paper, we explain why we think ZigBee WSN technology is the best choice in intelligent ventilation systems in underground mines at the present stage.

scholarly journals Ensuring Occupational Safety and Health through Ventilation in Underground Mines with Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles on Duty

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
Evgeniy L. Grishin ◽  
◽  
Artem V. Zaitsev ◽  
Evgeniy G. Kuzminykh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Increasing production capacities and developing ventilation systems in underground mines challenge mining enterprises to enhance the output level of applied mining and ventilation facilities. Most of the rock loading and transporting mining machinery at ore deposits is powered by diesel internal combustion engines. Insufficient ventilation or wrong approaches to determining the amount of air required to dilute the main components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, including carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, can result in poisoning or even death of mining workers. However, most production facilities make their ventilation systems operate at the capacity limits without any opportunities to increase their technical reserves. This fact has a direct impact on safety of mining operations. We present methods and equations aimed at determining the required air quantity for the operating areas of the vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and the underground mines at their designing and operation stages. The analysis of regulatory documentation shows that there is no requirement to airflow rate per power unit of internal combustion engines. Therefore, we propose an approach that meets up-to-date industrial safety requirements based on the actual emissions of harmful components, performance parameters of internal combustion engines and emission standards guaranteed by manufacturers though confirming an engine’s emission class compliance. The proposed methods will allow us to enhance workplace safety at underground mines where internal combustion engine equipment is on duty, and to increase the efficiency of designing new blocks, horizons and mines by eliminating unreasonable reserves when selecting mining and ventilation equipment.

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

scholarly journals Water-retaining properties of NCZ composite dust suppressant and its wetting ability to hydrophobic coal dust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Longzhe Jin ◽  
Tianyang Wang ◽  
Zihao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Thermal Synthesis ◽  
Wetting Ability

AbstractCoal dust is a primary threat to underground coal miners. The most common approach to control coal dust is hydraulic methods, such as water spray and coal seam water injection. To improve the dust suppressant efficiency of hydraulic methods, a novel chemical composite dust suppressant, called NCZ, was prepared in this study using calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and nonionic surfactants using a thermal synthesis method. The water-retaining properties of NCZ powder and its solutions were characterized using the water absorption rate (WAR) and evaporation rate (ER), respectively, and the wetting abilities of the NCZ solutions on coal dust were tested using the initial contact angle (ICA) and sink rate (SR). The results indicate that the NCZ solutions have anti-evaporation effects, and the ER of the solution with a 20.0 wt% NCZ is reduced by 11.7% compared with that of clean water. Furthermore, NCZ solutions have remarkable enhancement effects on the wettability of coal dust. The ICA and SR of clean water and the NCZ solution at 20.0 wt% are 141.9° and 0 mg/s, and 29.3° and 1.46 mg/s, respectively. Finally, quantitative relationships between the solution surface tension and the ICA and IR were established using the least squares method. This study provides a new product for dust suppression in underground mines, which is significant for the optimum applied concentration of dust suppressant in mining operations.

Building back smarter—part one: the case for more modular facilities in the NHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isobel Clough
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

The NHS is facing an unprecedented backlog in both patient care and building maintenance, with severe implications for service delivery, finance and population wellbeing. This article is the first in a series discussing modular healthcare facilities as a potential solution to these issues, providing flexible and cost-effective spaces to allow services to increase capacity without sacrificing care quality. The first of three instalments, this paper will outline the problems facing the NHS estate, many of which have been exacerbated to critical levels by the COVID-19 pandemic, and what this means for service delivery. It will then make the case for modular infrastructure, outlining the potential benefits for healthcare services, staff and patients alike. Using modern methods of construction, this approach to creating physical space in healthcare can provide greater flexibility and a reduced impact on the environment. The next two articles in this series will go on to provide detailed case studies of successful modular implementation in NHS trusts, an analysis of the cost implications and guidance on the commissioning process and building a business case.

Design of Mine Ventilation Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Yin ◽  
Xian Ping Xie ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Jian Gong Li ◽  
Ting Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Design System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intelligent Computer ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Expert systems, or knowledge based systems, are programs in which the answer to a user-posed question is reached by logical or plausible inference rather than strictly by calculation, although calculation routines can form a major part of an expert system. Based on the integration of expert system technology and optimization technology, an intelligent computer aided design method for mine ventilation systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structure and control algorithm of the intelligent design system are explored. Secondly, the knowledge types required for the mine ventilation expert system and the acquiring method of knowledge are discussed. Finally, the inference method of this expert system is put forward.

scholarly journals IOT Based Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System

2021 ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Prof. A. H. Ansari ◽  
Karishma Shaikh ◽  
Pooja Kadu ◽  
Nikam Rishikesh
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Reliable Communication ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Coal Mine Safety ◽  
Alerting System

Safety is the most vital part of any type of industry. In the mining industry safety and security is a fundamental aspect of all. To avoid any types of accidents mining industry follows some basic precautions. Still accidents take place in underground mines due to rise in temperature, increased water level, and methane gas leakage. Here we provide safety to worker. When worker in danger he can press panic switch inform security. To enhance safety in underground mines, a reliable communication system must be established between workers in underground mines and fixed ground mine system. The communication network must not be interrupted at any moment and at any condition. A cost effective zigbee based wireless mine supervising system with early-warning intelligence is proposed in this project. Worker status can be monitor over IOT.

Information Requirements for Ventilation Systems in Underground Mines in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Daniel Sanchez Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Susana Avila-Garcia ◽  
Juan Carlos Baltazar Vera
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mines ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Ventilation Systems

An Inverse Method for Parameter Retrieval in Solar Thermal Collector With a Single Glass Cover

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Design Variables

Abstract The present article highlights the implementation of differential evolution (DE)-assisted metaheuristic optimizer to provide the solution of an inverse multi-variable problem related to a flat absorber solar collector consisting of a single glass. For satisfying a given heating requirement from the solar collector, the necessary tilt angle and the thickness of the glass cover are simultaneously predicted using the proposed DE methodology. The existing study of inverse multi-variable optimization analysis has been done for dynamic values of solar energy radiation and different ambient conditions commonly encountered in various geographical locations of India. Formulation of the current research involves the minimization of a newly proposed cost function involving the required and the acquired heat transfer rates from the solar collector in Euclidean space. The solution approach then utilizes a dynamic exchange between evolutionary metaheuristic DE and a well-validated forward solver containing analytical expressions of heat energy balance within the solar collector. Variations of cost function and the estimated design variables are mainly studied to visualize the algorithm’s behavior for a single gazing-based solar thermal device. Multiple possible groupings of the unknown parameters of the solar collector are revealed, which always collectively result in a desired heating requirement from the solar collector. Sensitivity indices related to the design variables are evaluated for ascertaining the relative importance of parameter selection. Encouraging opportunity is found towards the system’s size reduction through sparing selection of inclination angle. The current study provides a convenient and cost-effective tool to select the necessary inclination and glass covers to obtain low to medium heating requirements from the available incident solar energy.

Design, development and evaluation of Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD): a novel innovation for respiratory support

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Joseph L Mathew ◽  
Manu Sharma ◽  
Ankush Gawri ◽  
Sukesha ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Expiration Time

ObjectiveThe paucity of mechanical ventilators necessitates development of innovative respiratory support devices.MethodsWe developed the Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD) to automate compression of self-inflating bags (SIB), while controlling peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), ventilation rate (VR) and inspiration to expiration time (I:E) ratio (as in a conventional ventilator). ABCD has additional smart features including self-regulatory checks, auto cut-off during cough, endotracheal tube disconnection and blockage alarms, and SIB disconnection alarm. ABCD was tested non-stop for 60 days with 396 user combinations, using adult-size and paediatric-size SIB. The device was evaluated for robustness, reliability and precision.ResultsABCD did not have mechanical, electrical or electronic failures during continuous testing under various ambient conditions, confirming robustness. Reliability and precision evaluated by the proportion of user combinations showing <10% deviation from the set parameters showed: PIP 100%, VR 100% and I:E 84.3% with an adult SIB. The corresponding proportions with a paediatric-size SIB were 85.4%, 100% and 95.5%. With both SIB, the only combinations showing >10% deviation were outside the physiologic range.ConclusionABCD is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective option, which could be considered for adults and children in the context of ventilator shortages especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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