scholarly journals Designing Pro-Competitive Research Data Pools: Which EU Competition Remedies for Research Data Silos in Digital Markets?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Giulia Schneider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Technology ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Innovation Markets ◽  
Closed Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Enforcement Policies

The study moves from the assumption that the sharing of data can – under specific circumstances – give rise to anticompetitive aggregations of research-valuable data in the form of closed data silos. It addresses the question whether and how competition remedies available under EU law can be used for the design of pro-competitive data pools in digital markets. Interesting suggestions for these purposes are given by the recent enforcement policies enacted by the European Commission in high technology innovation markets. Although aimed at restoring very different anticompetitive conducts, these remedies nonetheless appear to share the common function of opening up established innovation alliances for the transfer of research-valuable information assets to external competing parties. Against this backdrop, the suitability of such information-based remedies in the context of digital markets is questioned. The study ultimately puts forward the opportunity of a close collaboration between competition and data protection authorities for a joint governance of data sharing remedies.

Translaboration as legitimation of philosophical translation

Target ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Lavinia Heller ◽  
Spencer Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
German Text ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Considerable Problem ◽  
The Common

Abstract Even highly regarded translators cannot escape the common suspicion that philosophical ideas are not communicable in foreign languages – a suspicion that plagues philosophical translation. Translators effectively counter this distrust of translation when they explicitly claim to have collaborated with the author. This paper focuses on the Italian translation of Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) (first published in 1927; Heidegger 1986a), titled Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006, trans. Marini), whose translator, Alfredo Marini, took particularly interesting measures to legitimate his work. This case is especially intriguing because Pietro Chiodi’s earlier translation (Heidegger 1953, 1976, 2005) is still popular in Italy despite Chiodi’s own complaints that the German text is untranslatable. The widespread acceptance of the earlier Italian translation presents a considerable problem of legitimation for Marini, who counters Chiodi’s views by arguing for the translatability of the text and supports his argument through a rhetorically constructed scene of collaborative translation. I begin this paper by retracing Marini’s strategy for presenting Essere e tempo (Heidegger 2006, trans. Marini) as a ‘translaboration’ (a collaborative translation), before addressing concerns that collaborative translation could hinder the translator’s creativity. I show that Marini’s translation achieves its most creative, and at times eccentric, effects through his close collaboration with the (deceased) philosopher, Martin Heidegger.

Pouring New Wine into New Bottles? The Preliminary Reference to the CJEU by the Italian Constitutional Court

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ec Law ◽  
Domestic Law

In the ongoing debate about preliminary references raised by constitutional courts, the ItalianCorte costituzionale(Constitutional Court, hereafter, ICC) is apparently a latecomer. Despite its pivotal role in the founding era in which the relationships between Community law and national legal orders were assessed, its reluctance towards preliminary references to the ECJ (since 2009: Court of Justice of the European Union, CJEU) has repeatedly been invoked as a standard in legal scholarship. Whereas from the early 1960s onwards it engaged dialectically with the CJEU, and contributed to some basic tenets of EC lawvis-à-visnational law (direct effect, primacy, limits concerning basic constitutional principles, so-calledcounter-limits), it appeared for a long time to be almost silent on the crucial aspect concerning its ability to enter into a direct dialogue with the CJEU via the preliminary reference procedure. Although this ambivalence may appear contradictory, one should not forget that behind the scenes, dialogue took place along indirect or “hidden” channels. Either in response to claims raised by the judiciary inincidenterproceedings, or in adjudicating disputes between State and Regions inprincipaliterones, the ICC often sent messages and alerts to the CJEU. In so doing, it indirectly contributed to shaping the relationships between EU law and domestic law. In the long run, the absence of the ICC's direct involvement in the relationships with the CJEU has, however, estranged its action from the core of EU law in favor of the partnership between the CJEU and the common judges (both ordinary and administrative).

Opening up Research Data in Film Studies by Using the Structured Knowledge Base Wikidata

2019 ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Adelheid Heftberger ◽  
Jakob Höper ◽  
Claudia Müller-Birn ◽  
Niels-Oliver Walkowski
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
Opening Up

Address of the President, Sir Ploward Florey, at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1963

1964 ◽  
Vol 159 (976) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Rational Control ◽  
Opening Up

The Copley Medal is awarded to Sir Paul Fildes, F. R. S. Sir Paul Fildes has the enviable distinction of being the pioneer chiefly responsible for opening up a vast new field of microbiological research. His early studies, over half a century ago, on the growth factors of Haemophilus influenzae and related organisms and his elucidation of conditions requisite for the sporulation and germination of anaerobic bacteria of the tetanus group, both in vitro and in the infected animal, were notable achievements in their own right. Their chief importance, however, lay in the fact that they convinced Fildes that the key to the rational control of microbial infections lay in a full knowledge of the nutritional requirements of the causative organisms and elucidation of the biosynthetic precursors involved in the utilization of essential nutrients. He was probably the first to recognize the necessity of close collaboration between bacteriologists and biochemists for fruitful investigations along this line of approach. To this end he established in 1934, under the auspices of the Medical Research Council, a team which, under his leadership, pioneered the way into the field of bacterial chemistry.

Die Rekrutierung von Topmanagern in Europa

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The World ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Common ◽  
Class Habitus ◽  
Opening Up

Seventy-five to eighty per cent of the ruling elites of the three main European nations (France, Great Britain and Germany) are drawn from the middle classes, and their social recruitment has hardly changed over the last 2j years. According to the author, Bourdieu's theory of class habitus and the role of cultural capital is thus strongly confirmed, refuting the common argument that the world of elites is opening up.

scholarly journals Ciência Aberta Na França: ponto da situação, legislação, iniciativas, ferramentas e medidas

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Clara Galliano ◽  
Luc Quoniam ◽  
David Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Research Data ◽  
International Level ◽  
European Level ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
World Class ◽  
Science Movement ◽  
Opening Up

Issues related to open access to scientific publications and the reuse of research data concern research actors, academic communities and society as a whole. Many countries have mobilised themselves around these issues in order to establish policies in favour of the opening up of science. France is both a promoter and coordinator of open science at national and European level. This country has also expressed its commitment at the international level by joining world-class initiatives and coalitions. Faced with the power of certain private players in the publishing market, France insists on its current position: the aim is not to destroy them but rather not to be totally dependent on them. This communication proposes to take France as an example to complement and reinforce the commitment of certain countries to the Open Science movement.

scholarly journals Tα οφέλη της γραφής με το χέρι στην ανάπτυξη της αναγνωστικής ικανότητας: ανασκόπηση νευροαπεικονιστικών ευρημάτων

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Φίλιππος Βλάχος
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Early School ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Learning ◽  
The Brain

Although reading and writing are often treated as two separate processes, the research data of recent years suggest that these two functions seem to be interrelated and one depends on the other. The aim of this study was to examine whether handwriting is related to and, further, influences the development of reading abilities. To this end, we have reviewed neuroimaging research conducted over the last fifteen years. Research findings, both for pre-school and early-school children, as well as for adults, showed that handwriting influences brain development and activates brain reading systems more than other sensory kinetic techniques. Neuroimaging revealed that learning to write is based on the development of a network of brain structures, which includes the dorsal premotor cortex, the ventral premotor cortex, the upper parietal cortex and the fusiform gyrus of the left hemisphere in right-handed persons, as well as the contralateral cerebellum, structures whose participation and interconnection are specific to the writing of alphabet characters. This network is structured for the common learning of writing and reading and depends on the level of the writer's experience. The perception of letters is helped by the handwriting experience, upon which the ability to process the letters in the person's brain during reading is also based. The brain networks that appear to be triggered when identifying letters following the learning of these letters through handwriting are the same sensory kinetic networks that are activated during letter recognition and reading. In conclusion, the sensory experience gained through handwriting seems to develop the brain and strengthens the person’s ability to read.

scholarly journals Controlling Methods and Causes of Wall Cracks of Civil and Industrial Construction Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Guan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Industrial Construction ◽  
Building Safety ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Safety And Stability ◽  
Opening Up

Since the reform and opening up, Chinese economy has developed rapidly. Industrial and civil construction projects have made significant progress. That said, it is of great significance to further strengthen the construction management of industrial and civil construction projects for the long-term development of construction industry in China. In terms of reality, one of the common problems in the current industrial and civil construction is wall cracks, which will have an important impact on the appearance of the building and the overall construction quality. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the reasons and put forward corresponding measures on it. That is how we can continuously improve the construction quality in civil and industrial construction projects, thereby achieving the enhancement of building safety and stability.

scholarly journals A descriptive analysis of the data availability statements accompanying medRxiv preprints and a comparison with their published counterparts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250887
Author(s):  
Luke A. McGuinness ◽  
Athena L. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
System Change ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Closed Data

Objective To determine whether medRxiv data availability statements describe open or closed data—that is, whether the data used in the study is openly available without restriction—and to examine if this changes on publication based on journal data-sharing policy. Additionally, to examine whether data availability statements are sufficient to capture code availability declarations. Design Observational study, following a pre-registered protocol, of preprints posted on the medRxiv repository between 25th June 2019 and 1st May 2020 and their published counterparts. Main outcome measures Distribution of preprinted data availability statements across nine categories, determined by a prespecified classification system. Change in the percentage of data availability statements describing open data between the preprinted and published versions of the same record, stratified by journal sharing policy. Number of code availability declarations reported in the full-text preprint which were not captured in the corresponding data availability statement. Results 3938 medRxiv preprints with an applicable data availability statement were included in our sample, of which 911 (23.1%) were categorized as describing open data. 379 (9.6%) preprints were subsequently published, and of these published articles, only 155 contained an applicable data availability statement. Similar to the preprint stage, a minority (59 (38.1%)) of these published data availability statements described open data. Of the 151 records eligible for the comparison between preprinted and published stages, 57 (37.7%) were published in journals which mandated open data sharing. Data availability statements more frequently described open data on publication when the journal mandated data sharing (open at preprint: 33.3%, open at publication: 61.4%) compared to when the journal did not mandate data sharing (open at preprint: 20.2%, open at publication: 22.3%). Conclusion Requiring that authors submit a data availability statement is a good first step, but is insufficient to ensure data availability. Strict editorial policies that mandate data sharing (where appropriate) as a condition of publication appear to be effective in making research data available. We would strongly encourage all journal editors to examine whether their data availability policies are sufficiently stringent and consistently enforced.

scholarly journals The Common European Asylum System: Balancing Mutual Trust Against Fundamental Rights Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180-1197
Author(s):  
Georgios Anagnostaras
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Common

AbstractThe Common European Asylum System constitutes one of the principal areas in which the fundamental rights of individuals are essentially placed in competition with the core principle of mutual confidence and the need to preserve the effectiveness of EU law. That competitive relationship becomes particularly evident when applicants for international protection rely on alleged violations of their fundamental rights in order to contest their transfer to the Member State that is normally responsible for examining their asylum request according to the criteria of the Dublin III Regulation. The balancing process that needs to be carried out in this respect and the measure of the monitoring obligation that EU law imposes on the receiving Member State regarding the protection of the fundamental rights of asylum seekers are well exemplified by the preliminary ruling in Jawo. That case provides additional clarification regarding the circumstances in which the protection of fundamental rights may introduce exceptions to the principle of mutual trust. At the same time, it illustrates the inherent tensions that exist between the protection of fundamental rights and the application of the principle of mutual confidence.

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