scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Farmers Teff Market Supply, in Jimma Arjo District, Western Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A Two Stage Least Square Approach

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Least Square Approach

scholarly journals Buffer Stock Operations and Well-Being: The Case of Smallholder Farmers in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Abokyi ◽  
Dirk Strijker ◽  
Kofi Fred Asiedu ◽  
Michiel N. Daams
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Aid Policy

AbstractThis study investigates the possible causal relationship between buffer stock operations in Ghanaian agriculture and the well-being of smallholder farmers in a developing world setting. We analyze the differences in the objective and subjective well-being of smallholder farmers who do or do not participate in a buffer stock price stabilization policy initiative, using self-reported assessments of 507 farmers. We adopt a two-stage least square instrumental variable estimation to account for possible endogeneity. Our results provide evidence that participation in buffer stock operations improves the objective and subjective well-being of smallholder farmers by 20% and 15%, respectively. Also, with estimated coefficient of 1.033, we find a significant and robust relationship between objective well-being and subjective well-being among smallholder farmers. This relationship implies that improving objective well-being enhances the subjective well-being of the farmers. We also find that the activities of intermediaries decrease both the objective and subjective well-being of farmers. This study demonstrates that economic, social, and environmental aspects of agricultural life could constitute priorities for public policy in improving well-being, given their strong correlation with the well-being of farmers. Based on the results of this study, we provide a better understanding, which may aid policy-makers, that public buffer stockholding operations policy is a viable tool for improving the well-being of smallholder farmers in a developing country.

scholarly journals Ranking a set of objects: a graph based least-square approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Evgenia Christoforou ◽  
Alessandro Nordio ◽  
Alberto Tarable ◽  
Emilio Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Least Square Approach

Kernel Recursive Least Square Approach for Power System Harmonic Estimation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Omar Avalos ◽  
Erik Cuevas ◽  
Héctor G. Becerra ◽  
Jorge Gálvez ◽  
Salvador Hinojosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Recursive Least Square ◽  
Least Square Approach

scholarly journals A Compound Wind Power Forecasting Strategy Based on Clustering, Two-Stage Decomposition, Parameter Optimization, and Optimal Combination of Multiple Machine Learning Approaches

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhou Sun ◽  
Jingqi Fu ◽  
Ang Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Wind Power Forecasting ◽  
Power Forecasting

Given the large-scale exploitation and utilization of wind power, the problems caused by the high stochastic and random characteristics of wind speed make researchers develop more reliable and precise wind power forecasting (WPF) models. To obtain better predicting accuracy, this study proposes a novel compound WPF strategy by optimal integration of four base forecasting engines. In the forecasting process, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is firstly employed to identify meaningful information and discard the abnormal wind power data. To eliminate the adverse influence of the missing data on the forecasting accuracy, Lagrange interpolation method is developed to get the corrected values of the missing points. Then, the two-stage decomposition (TSD) method including ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet transform (WT) is utilized to preprocess the wind power data. In the decomposition process, the empirical wind power data are disassembled into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residual (Res) by EEMD, and the highest frequent time series IMF1 is further broken into different components by WT. After determination of the input matrix by a partial autocorrelation function (PACF) and normalization into [0, 1], these decomposed components are used as the input variables of all the base forecasting engines, including least square support vector machine (LSSVM), wavelet neural networks (WNN), extreme learning machine (ELM) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), to make the multistep WPF. To avoid local optima and improve the forecasting performance, the parameters in LSSVM, ELM, and WNN are tuned by backtracking search algorithm (BSA). On this basis, BSA algorithm is also employed to optimize the weighted coefficients of the individual forecasting results that produced by the four base forecasting engines to generate an ensemble of the forecasts. In the end, case studies for a certain wind farm in China are carried out to assess the proposed forecasting strategy.

scholarly journals INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA DAN KEBERLANGSUNGAN SEKTOR USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Mei Ruli Ninin Hilmawati ◽  
Rohmawati Kusumaningtias
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Least Square Approach

Abstrak: Inklusi Keuangan dan Literasi Keuangan terhadap Kinerja dan Keberlangsungan Sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah. Suatu kinerja unggul dan bisnis yang berkelanjutkan dapat terwujud apabila terdapat upaya-upaya strategis yang dilakukan. Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah UMKM yang cukup banyak memiliki peluang yang besar untuk meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan sektor UMKM yang terdapat di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan inklusi keuangan (INKA) dan literasi keuangan (LIKA) sebagai variabel independen, serta kinerja usaha (KIUS) dan keberlangsungan usaha (KEUS) sebagai variabel dependen. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 113 UMKM yang kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa inklusi keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan sektor UMKM. Sedangkan literasi keuangan memiliki pengaruh yang terhadap kinerja dan keberlangsungan sektor UMKM.Kata kunci: Inklusi Keuangan, Literasi Keuangan, Kinerja Bisnis, Keberlangsungan Bisnis, UMKMAbstract: Financial Inclusion and Financial Literacy on the Performance an Sustainability of the MSMEs. Excellent performance and sustainable business can be realized if there are strategic efforts. East Java, as one of the Province with a large number of MSMEs that have a great opportunity to improve the Indonesian economy. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of financial inclusion and financial literacy on the performance and sustainability of MSMEs in Surabaya. This research is a quantitative study with independent variables are financial inclusion (INKA) and financial literacy (LIKA), and the dependent variables are business performance (KIUS) and business continuity (KEUS). The sample in this study amounted to 113 MSMEs which were then analyzed using the Partial Least Square approach. this study concludes that financial inclusion has no effect on the performance and sustainability of MSMEs. while financial literacy has a influence on the performance and sustainability of MSMEs. Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy, Business Performance, Sustainability, MSMEs

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN UANG DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arwin Arwin ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Raja Masbar
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Data Processing Method

This study aims to determine the determinants of the money demand and money supply function in Indonesia. To formulate the equation between money demand (Md) and money supply (Ms) using LM function by looking at the effect of real income and interest rate. The data in this study constitutes Indonesia's economic data from 1986 to 2015 drawn from secondary data sources such as Bank Indonesia (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Funds (IMF) and World Bank . The Data Processing method used is to use the equations and completed with Two Stage Least Square. The results showed that the balance occurred at the national income level of 277559.05 billion Rupiah with an interest rate of 7.05%. Keywords: Demand and Supply of Money, Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rate, Inflation, and Exchange Rate. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui determinan dari fungsi permintaan uang dan penawaran uang di Indonesia. Untuk merumuskan persamaan antara permintaan uang (Md) dengan penawaran uang (Ms) menggunakan fungsi LM dengan melihat pengaruh pendapatan riil dan tingkat suku bunga. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data perekonomian Indonesia dari tahun 1986 – 2015 yang diambilkan dari sumber data sekunder baik seperti Bank Indonesia(BI), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Internasional Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Funds ( IMF) dan World Bank. Metode Pengolahan datayang digunakan adalah menggunakan persamaan simultan dan diselesaikan dengan Two Stage Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan terjadi pada tingkat pendapatan nasional sebesar 277559.05 milyar Rupiah dengan tingkat bunga sebesar 7,05%. 

scholarly journals KETERKAITAN MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN: DALAM KONTEK HUBUNGAN KEAGENAN PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Margarita Ekadjaja ◽  
Rorlen Rorlen ◽  
Fanny Andriani Setiawan ◽  
Kartika Nuringsih
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Manajemen dan nilai perusahaan memiliki keterkaitan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan.  Dimana manajemen perusahaan merupakan penggerak roda perusahaan dan berorientasi pada nilai perusahaan. Peran seorang manajer adalah memaksimalkan kekayaan bagi pemegang saham.  Namun, manajer yang tidak memiliki kepemilikan saham yang signifikan di perusahaan dapat memilih untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan bersih mereka sendiri dengan mengorbankan pemilik perusahaan. Akibatnya, pemilik terpaksa mengeluarkan biaya agensi untuk memastikan bahwa manajemen perusahaan bertindak dengan cara yang tepat. Cara untuk mengurangi biaya agensi adalah memaksa perusahaan untuk meningkatkan hutang. Tujuan penelitian adalah  menguji hubungan simultan pertukaran antara ownership, leverage, dan nilai perusahaan sehubungan dengan keagenan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia dari tahun 2012-2018. Penelitian ini menambah pemahaman mengenai keterkaitan antara ownership dengan leverage, dan nilai perusahaan. Analisis data untuk argumen tentang keterkaitan simultan antara  ownership, leverage, dan nilai perusahaan melalui data panel regresi berganda 2 SLS (Two Stage Least Square). Bidang penelitian ini diperluas dengan mempertimbangkan model empiris di mana ownership dan leverage masing-masing diperlakukan sebagai variabel endogen atau ditentukan bersama.  Dalam metode 2 SLS ada 2 kali variabel yang diobservasi secara simultan untuk menghindari bayes sehingga variabel tersebut tidak bias, di mana variabel managerial ownership dan Leverage merupakan determinan non linier nilai perusahaan sebagai bagian integral dari pengambilan keputusan perusahaan dalam kerangka keagenan.  Persamaan Regresi hasil uji 2SLS memunjukkan keterkaitan nilai perusahaan dengan managerial ownership dan leverage. Hasil menunjukkan interaksi positif  tidak signifikan antara managerial ownerhip dengan nilai perusahaan, interaksi positif signifikan antara nilai perusahaan dengan leverage, dan interaksi yang negatif signifkan antara managerial ownership dengan leverage. Management and corporate value have an inseparable relationship. Where the company management is the driving force of the company and oriented to corporate values. The role of a manager is to maximize wealth of shareholders. However, managers who do not have a significant share in the company may choose to maximize their own net profits at the expense of the company owners. As a result, the owners are forced to incur agency costs to ensure that company management acts in an appropriate manner. The way to reduce agency costs is to force the company to increase debt. The research objective is to examine the exchange simultaneous relationship between ownership, leverage, and corporate value with respect to agency in manufacturing companies in Indonesia from 2012-2018. This study adds to the understanding of the relationship between ownership and leverage, and corporate value. Data analysis for arguments about the simultaneous relationship between ownership, leverage, and firm value through 2 SLS (Two Stage Least Square) multiple regression panel data. This field of research is extended by considering empirical models in which ownership and leverage are treated as endogenous or co-determined variables, respectively. Ownership and Leverage as an integral part of corporate decision making within an agency framework, which in turn will affect the value of the company. In the SLS 2 method, there are 2 variables that are observed simultaneously to avoid bayes so that the variable is not biased, in which the managerial ownership and leverage variables are nonlinear determinant corporate value as an integral part of corporate decision making within the agency framework, which in turn will affect firm value. The 2SLS regression equation results show the relationship between firm value and managerial ownership and leverage. The results prove that there is a positive interaction between managerial ownership between firm value, a significant positive interaction between firm value and leverage, and a significant negative interaction between managerial ownership and leverage.

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