scholarly journals Organic Geochemistry Of The Middle To Upper Jurassic Source Rocks Succession In Balad-1 Well, Balad Oil Field, Central Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Fawzi M.O. Albeyati ◽  
◽  
Rzger A. Abdula ◽  
Rushdy S. Othman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depositional Setting

Thirty four cuttings samples from the Jurassic rock succession in well Balad-1 in the Balad Oil Field, Central Iraq have been collected. Using various organic geochemical techniques, the organic matter’s quantity, quality, maturity, and their source rock’s depositional setting were determined. The samples were evaluated to determine the amount of their organic matter content, type of organic matter, δ13C carbon isotopes abundance for both saturated and aromatic, and molecular properties. The results of organic geochemistry analysis show that Sargelu, Gotnia, and Chia Gara formations contain fair to decent amounts of organic matter. Naokelekan Formation encompasses fair to excellent organic matter, while Najmah Formation comprises very high to exceptional organic matter. The analyzed samples revealed the existence of kerogen types III and II/III mainly within oil window. Thermal maturity related biomarkers are in a good agreement with Rock-Eval parameters, but did not reach equilibrium phase. Source related biomarkers show that these rock units rich in organic matter were mainly deposited in an anoxic marine depositional setting which consists of carbonate influenced by terrestrial input.

scholarly journals Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Source Rocks in the North of Western Siberia: Comprehensive Geochemical Characterization and Reconstruction of Paleo-Sedimentation Conditions

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Leushina ◽  
Timur Bulatov ◽  
Elena Kozlova ◽  
Ivan Panchenko ◽  
Andrey Voropaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrigenous Sedimentation

The present work is devoted to geochemical studies of the Bazhenov Formation in the north of the West Siberian Petroleum Basin. The object is the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous section, characterized by significant variations in total organic carbon content and petroleum generation potential of organic matter at the beginning of the oil window. The manuscript presents the integration of isotopic and geochemical analyses aimed at the evaluation of the genesis of the rocks in the peripheral part of the Bazhenov Sea and reconstruction of paleoenvironments that controlled the accumulation of organic matter in sediments, its composition and diagenetic alterations. According to the obtained data, the sediments were accumulated under marine conditions with a generally moderate and periodically increasing terrigenous influx. The variations in organic matter composition are determined by redox conditions and terrigenous input which correlate with the eustatic sea level changes during transgressive/regressive cycles and activation of currents. Transgression is associated with an intensive accumulation of organic matter under anoxic to euxinic conditions and insignificant influence of terrigenous sources, resulting in the formation of rocks with oil-generating properties. During the regression periods, the terrigenous sedimentation increased along with the dissolved oxygen concentration, and deposits with low organic matter content and gas-generating properties were formed.

Hyperspectral estimation of soil organic matter content using grey relational local regression model

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Cao ◽  
Xican Li ◽  
Wenjing Ren ◽  
Yanan Wu ◽  
Jieya Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Linear Regression ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Linear ◽  
Grey Relational

PurposeThis study aims to improve the accuracy of hyperspectral estimation of soil organic matter content.Design/methodology/approachBased on the uncertainty in spectral estimation, 76 soil samples collected in Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, were studied in this paper. First, the spectral transformation of the spectral data after denoising was carried out by means of 11 transformation methods such as reciprocal and square, and the estimation factor was selected according to the principle of maximum correlation. Secondly, the grey weighted distance was used to calculate the grey relational degree between the samples to be estimated and the known patterns, and the local linear regression estimation model of soil organic matter content was established by using the pattern samples closest to the samples to be identified. Thirdly, the models were optimized by gradually increasing the number of modeling samples and adjusting the decision coefficient, and a comprehensive index was constructed to determine the optimal predicted value. Finally, the determination coefficient and average relative error are used to evaluate the validity of the model.FindingsThe results show that the maximum correlation coefficient of the seven estimated factors selected is 0.82; the estimation results of 14 test samples are of high accuracy, among which the determination coefficient R2 = 0.924, and the average relative error is 6.608%.Practical implicationsStudies have shown that it is feasible and effective to estimate the content of soil organic matter by using grey correlation local linear regression model.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realizing both the soil organic matter hyperspectral grey relation estimating pattern based on the grey relational theory and the estimating pattern by using the local linear regression.

Organic geochemistry, petrology and palynofacies of Middle Devonian lacustrine flagstones in the Orcadian Basin, Scotland: depositional environment, thermal history and petroleum generation potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASSAD GHAZWANI ◽  
RALF LITTKE ◽  
VICTORIA SACHSE ◽  
REINHARD FINK ◽  
NICOLAJ MAHLSTEDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Petroleum Generation ◽  
Orcadian Basin ◽  
Biomarker Data

AbstractDuring Middle Devonian time a thick succession of organic-rich, mainly lacustrine flagstones developed within the Orcadian Basin. These petroleum source rocks crop out in northern Scotland. Nineteen samples were studied using organic petrology, palynology and organic geochemistry in order to characterize kerogen type, depositional environment, thermal maturity and petroleum generation potential. Corg, carbonate and sulphur content as well as hydrogen index (HI) values are quite variable (e.g. HI from 79 to 744 mg HC/g Corg). Based on biomarker data, organic material mainly originates from aquatic organic matter deposited under lacustrine conditions with oxygen-depleted, but not permanently anoxic, bottom waters. Petrography reveals small quantities of vitrinite particles, indicating minor input of terrestrial material. This is supported by biomarker data and the palynofacies, which is characterized by a high amount of oil-prone amorphous organic matter (AOM) and generally few miospores. Maturity of the succession studied in Caithness and Orkney is between immature and oil mature. One-dimensional basin modelling shows that a significant remaining hydrocarbon generation potential exists within the Middle Devonian succession. In contrast to the low hydrocarbon generation in the onshore area, offshore oil generation was significant, especially after deposition of thick Upper Jurassic – Upper Cretaceous sediments. At the end of Cretaceous time, hydrocarbon generation ceased due to uplift. The contribution to known oil fields from the Devonian flagstones is a realistic scenario, including a contribution to the Beatrice oil field in the south of the modelled area.

scholarly journals Study of Organic Matter of Unconventional Reservoirs by IR Spectroscopy and IR Microscopy

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Natalya Tanykova ◽  
Yuliya Petrova ◽  
Julia Kostina ◽  
Elena Kozlova ◽  
Evgenia Leushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Ftir Microscopy

The study of organic matter content and composition in source rocks using the methods of organic geochemistry is an important part of unconventional reservoir characterization. The aim of this work was the structural group analysis of organic matter directly in the source rock in combination with a quantitative assessment and surface distribution analysis of the rock sample by FTIR spectroscopy and FTIR microscopy. We have developed new experimental procedures for semi-quantitative assessment of the organic matter content, composition and distribution in the source rocks and applied these procedures for the study of the samples from the Bazhenov shale formation (West Siberia, Russia). The results have been verified using the data from the study of organic matter obtained by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and differential thermal analysis. The obtained results demonstrate the prospects of FTIR spectroscopy and FTIR microscopy application for non-destructive and express analysis of the chemical structure and distribution of organic matter in rocks.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Distribution and Microscopic Characteristics and Disintegration Characteristics of Carbonaceous Rocks: A Case Study of the Middle Devonian Luofu Formation in Western Guangxi of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Luo ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Decai Mi ◽  
Qiongyao Ye ◽  
Haifeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Carbonaceous Rock ◽  
Carbonaceous Rocks ◽  
Water Swelling

Carbonaceous rock is a special soft rock containing TOC organic carbon 6%∼40%. In order to reveal the influence of engineering characteristics of carbonaceous rock on the engineering construction, firstly the stratigraphic distribution of carbonaceous Rocks in Guangxi is investigated, and the genetic mechanism and tectonic environment of carbonaceous rocks are discussed. Secondly, the influence of pore microstructure on the disintegration characteristics of carbonaceous rocks is analyzed. The role of geochemical characteristics of carbonaceous rocks (mineral composition, TOC total organic matter content, and type) on engineering properties is revealed. Finally, combined with the distribution, structure, microstructure, and microscopic characteristics of the previous studies, the disintegration mechanism of carbonaceous rocks in water swelling and heat dehydration is discussed. The results are as follows. (1) Carbonaceous rocks in Guangxi are mainly distributed in Devonian, Carboniferous, and Cambrian systems. It is mainly formed in anoxic and reductive deep water basins, slopes, and relatively confined coastal lagoons and swamps. The carbonaceous rocks in the Devonian Luofu formation are most typical. (2) The pores of carbonaceous rocks are divided into mineral pores, organic matter pores, and microfracture, which are mainly mineral pores. The more developed pores in mineral pores are intragranular dissolved pores. Secondly, mineral intergranular pores and a small amount of intergranular dissolution pores and less inner pores. Organic matter porosity increases with the increase of shale organic carbon content and maturity, but the shale porosity and adsorption capacity decrease when shale maturity reaches more than 2.4%. (3) Clay minerals in carbonaceous shale mainly consist of illite and illite/montmorillonite layer, which have water swelling and heat dehydration. The total average value of TOC (total organic matter content) is more than 1%, which belongs to carbonaceous rocks of medium high grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Organic matter is mainly dominated by type I and II1-II2 type with large hydrocarbon generating potential, which is prone to oxidation-reduction reaction and cause rock disintegration.

Porosity and hydrocarbon composition evolution in shales from the Domanic and Bazhenov Formations: Insights from pyrolysis and aqua thermolysis experiments.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Gafurova ◽  
Anton Kalmykov ◽  
Dmitriy Korost ◽  
Tikhonova Margarita ◽  
Vidishcheva Olesia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

<p>The Domanic and Bazhenov Formations are the largest unconventional oil and gas resources in Russia. In this regard, research of mechanisms and transformation features of pore space structure, as well as hydrocarbon fluids composition are of greatest interest. In recent time technologies for modeling of thermal maturation of rocks under close to reservoir conditions similar, such as pyrolysis and aqua pyrolysis can be used. The natural process of organic matter maturation has a direct impact on the rock pore space alterations. Experimental studies of rocks (more than 100 experiments) with monitoring of the pore space using computer microtomography were performed. As a result of research, it was possible to clarify the influence of rock characteristics on the transformation of the pore space, as well as on the hydrocarbons composition. The structural features of the mineral part of the rock control the distribution of organic matter: for rocks with a layered distribution of organic matter, the formation of a crack system is characteristic. In samples with a massive structure, newly formed pores were noted. The rocks with the highest organic matter content from 20% were characterized by the formation of lenses (Fig. 1). The content of organic matter and its maturity directly affect the volume of the newly formed pore space.</p><p>Performed investigations allowed to reveal the trends of hydrocarbons generation in source rocks and unconventional reservoirs formation. Also heating of rocks by various methods under reservoir conditions approved potential of tertiary methods of reservoir stimulation. Pyrolysis in-situ of Bazhenov and Domanic source rocks would allow to generate “synthetic” oil of similar to natural one composition and increase permeability of rocks by pores and cracks formation.</p><p>This work was partially (fully) supported by RFBR grant 18-35-20036.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH BATUAN INDUK DAN KIMIA TANAH TERHADAP POTENSI KESUBURAN TANAH DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SULA, PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Himawan Bayu Aji ◽  
Amiruddin Teapon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Effect of Source Rocks and Soil Chemical Towards Land Fertility Potential in Sula Kepulauan District, North Maluku Province.</em></strong><em> </em><em>The study</em><em> aimed to determine the condition of soil fertility potential. Parameters used as the basis of assessment of potential fertility of the soil were the type of </em><em>main rock, weathering processes and mineral content of the native rock while chemically research was emphased on organic matter content, soil pH, CEC, base saturity and essential nutrients (N, P, K). General lithology in the study area </em><em>were grouped </em><em>into rocks and rock volkan sediman. Aluvio-marine sedimentary rocks and aluvio-collovium were deposition materials from a variety of rocks in the study contain</em><em>ed a number of nutrients and organic matter. Meanhile volkan rocks included basalt and andesite-granidiorit neutral to alkaline</em><em>. Contain</em><em>ed elements that produced fertile lands both physically and chemically. Based on the analysis, the average soil</em><em> was classified as slightly acid (pH 5.6). The lower layers of soil reaction on average relatively</em><em> was acidic (pH 5.1). Soil organic matter in the form of organic-C showed the top layer of a low average (1.58%), whilst the layer below average </em><em>was very low (0.83%). CEC soil layers above and below the average were moderate (20.66 me/100 g) and (19.6 me/100 g). Base saturations (KB) to these two layers of soil on top and below the average were</em><em> classified as moderate (55%) and (51%). Levels of nitrogen (N-total) topsoil with layers below average </em><em>are low</em><em> valued (0.18%) and (0.11%). Classified as very low, phosporus level in both layers were above the average which were 5.40 ppm and 3.10 ppm respectively. Potassiums were very low in the second layer of 5.13 mg/100 g and 3.81 mg/100 g. The parameters used to assess soil fertility status were CEC, KB, P2O5 which were extracted with HCl 25%, and K2O was extracted with HCl 25% and C-organic soil. Potential assessment of soil fertility status based on lithology and soil chemistry acquired the status of soil fertility was low.</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Key</strong><strong>words</strong>:<em> </em><em>potential soil fertility, maint rock, chemical</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesuburan tanah potensial. Parameter yang dijadikan dasar penilaian potensi kesuburan tanah adalah jenis, proses pelapukan, dan kandungan mineral batuan induk sedangkan secara kimia penelitian ditekankan pada kandungan bahan organik, pH tanah, KTK, KB, dan unsur hara esensial (N, P, K). Secara umum litologi di wilayah studi dikelompokan ke dalam batuan sediman dan batuan volkan. Batuan sedimen aluvio-marine dan aluvio-koluvium merupakan bahan-bahan endapan dari berbagai batuan di wilayah studi yang banyak mengandung unsur hara dan bahan organik. Batuan volkan meliputi andesit-basal dan granidiorit bersifat netral sampai basa, mengandung unsur-unsur yang menghasilkan tanah-tanah subur baik secara fisik maupun kimia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah pH rata-rata tergolong agak masam (pH 5,6). Lapisan bawah reaksi tanah rata-rata tergolong masam (pH 5,1). Bahan organik tanah dalam bentuk C-organik menunjukkan pada lapisan atas rata-rata rendah (1,58%), sementara lapisan bawah rata-rata sangat rendah (0,83%). KTK tanah lapisan atas maupun bawah rata-rata tergolong sedang (20,7 me/100 gram) dan (19,6 me/100 gram). Kejenuhan basa (KB) tanah pada keduan lapisan atas dan bawah rata-rata tergolong sedang yaitu (55%) dan (51%). Kadar nitrogen (N-total) tanah lapisan atas sama dengan lapisan bawah rata-rata tergolong rendah (0,18%) dan (0,11%). Kadar fosor (P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) tergolong sangat rendah, di kedua lapisan atas rata-rata sebesar 5,40 dan 3,10 me/100g. Unsur hara kalium (K<sub>2</sub>O) sangat rendah pada kedua lapisan 5,13 mg/100 gram dan 3,81 mg/100 gram. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menilai status kesuburan tanah yaitu KTK, KB, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> yang diesktrak dengan HCl 25%, sedangkan K<sub>2</sub>O diekstrak dengan HCl 25% dan C-organik tanah. Penilaian potensi status kesuburan tanah berdasarkan litologi dan kimia tanah diperoleh status kesuburan tanah tergolong rendah.</p><p><strong>Kata </strong><strong>k</strong><strong>unci: </strong><em>kesuburan tanah potensial, batuan induk, kimia</em></p><em></em>

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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