scholarly journals Topographically-controlled Deglacial History of the Humber River Basin, Western Newfoundland

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Batterson ◽  
Norm R. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Humber River ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

AbstractThe Humber River in western Newfoundland flows through a large interior basin, that influenced Late Wisconsinan ice flow from major dispersal centres to the north, in the Long Range Mountains, and to the east in The Topsails. An early southward ice flow from a source to the north covered coastal areas in the western part of the basin. Subsequent regional ice flow was southwestward to northwestward from The Topsails, while south to southwestward flowing ice from the Long Range Mountains occupied the upper Humber River valley. This flow was confluent with ice from The Topsails and moved northwestward toward Bonne Bay. Regional deglaciation began about 13 ka from the inner coast. Ice occupying the Deer Lake valley dammed glacial Lake Howley in the adjacent Grand Lake and Sandy Lake basins to an elevation up to 85 m above present lake levels, which were controlled by drainage through a western outlet feeding into St. George’s Bay. The lake was lowered by exposure of the South Brook valley outlet, and finally drained catastrophically through a spillway at Junction Brook. Marine limit at the coast was 60 m asl. Inland deltas at the head of Deer Lake and fine-grained sediment exposed in the Deer Lake valley show inundation below 45 m present elevation. This produced a narrow embayment extending at least 50 km inland from the modern coast and is named here as ‘Jukes Arm’. Dated marine macrofossils in the Humber Arm and lower Humber River valley, indicate the deltas at the head of Deer Lake formed about 12.5 ka.

A reconstruction of glacial events in southeastern New Brunswick

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1594-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Foisy ◽  
Gilbert Prichonnet
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Glaciofluvial Deposits ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Radial Outflow ◽  
North And South

Sedimentological and petrographical data obtained from five sections located north and south of the Caledonian Highlands in southeastern New Brunswick demonstrate the existence of three main till units and one glaciofluvial unit, which have been grouped in four distinct lithostratigraphic units. The lower till was deposited by a glacier that overrode the Caledonian Highlands from northwest to southeast and advanced as far as Nova Scotia during Middle(?) to Late Wisconsinan times. The overlying middle till from the north provides evidence that ice continued to advance across the Highlands from northwest toward southeast and then was partially overwhelmed by another glacier that was advancing southwest along the southern border of the Highlands: this glacier deposited a coeval middle till. During Late Wisconsinan deglaciation, ice separated into two masses: a residual ice cap with radial outflow from the Highlands; and a lobe in the Chignecto Bay, retreating toward the northeast. The existence of a plateau ice cap is demonstrated by the presence of till and glaciofluvial deposits in the upper part of all surveyed sections, and is supported by the sequence of ice flow patterns recorded by striae and the centrifugal distribution of meltwater flow indicators. The weak development of soils, the fresh appearance of till and morainic landforms, and the lack of periglacial features throughout the area, especially on the Highlands, all favour the interpretation that the Caledonian Highlands were not a nunatak during the glacial maximum of the Late Wisconsinan Substage.

Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Webb ◽  
David A. Grimley ◽  
Andrew C. Phillips ◽  
Bruce W. Fouke
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
Till Fabric ◽  
Glacial Landforms

AbstractThe origin of Illinois Episode (OIS 6) glacial ridges (formerly: ‘Ridged Drift’) in the Kaskaskia Basin of southwestern Illinois is controversial despite a century of research. Two studied ridges, containing mostly fluvial sand (OSL ages: ~ 150 ± 19 ka), with associated debris flows and high-angle reverse faults, are interpreted as ice-walled channels. A third studied ridge, containing mostly fine-grained till, is arcuate and morainal. The spatial arrangement of various ridge types can be explained by a glacial sublobe in the Kaskaskia Basin, with mainly fine-grained ridges along the sublobe margins and coarse-grained glaciofluvial ridges in a paleodrainage network within the sublobe interior. Illinois Episode till fabric and striation data demonstrate southwesterly ice flow that may diverge near the sublobe terminus. The sublobe likely formed as glacial ice thinned and receded from its maximum extent. The Kaskaskia Basin contains some of the best-preserved Illinois Episode constructional glacial landforms in the North American midcontinent. Such distinctive features probably result from ice flow and sedimentation into this former lowland, in addition to minimal postglacial erosion. Other similar OIS 6 glacial landforms may exist in association with previously unrecognized sublobes in the midcontinent, where paleo-lowlands might also have focused glacial sedimentation.

BURIAL HISTORY OF THE EASTERN OFFICER BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moussavi-Harami ◽  
D. I. Gravestock
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Bounded Sequence ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Sediment Loading ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Well Data

The intracratonic Officer Basin of central Australia was formed during the Neoproterozoic, approximately 820 m.y. ago. The eastern third of the Officer Basin is in South Australia and contains nine unconformity-bounded sequence sets (super-sequences), from Neoproterozoic to Tertiary in age. Burial history is interpreted from a series of diagrams generated from well data in structurally diverse settings. These enable comparison between the stable shelf and co-existing deep troughs. During the Neoproterozoic, subsidence in the north (Munyarai Trough) was much higher than in either the south (Giles area) or northeast (Manya Trough). This subsidence was related to tectonic as well as sediment loading. During the Cambrian, subsidence was much higher in the northeast and was probably due to tectonic and sediment loading (carbonates over siliciclastics). During the Early Ordovician, subsidence in the north created more accommodation space for the last marine transgression from the northeast. The high subsidence rate of Late Devonian rocks in the Munyarai Trough was probably related to rapid deposition of fine-grained siliciclastic sediments prior to the Alice Springs Orogeny. Rates of subsidence were very low during the Early Permian and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, probably due to sediment loading rather than tectonic sinking. Potential Neoproterozoic source rocks were buried enough to reach initial maturity at the time of the terminal Proterozoic Petermann Ranges Orogeny. Early Cambrian potential source rocks in the Manya Trough were initially mature prior to the Delamerian Orogeny (Middle Cambrian) and fully mature on the Murnaroo Platform at the culmination of the Alice Springs Orogeny (Devonian).

Shipyards

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Faisal H. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Naval Warfare ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fluvial Landscape ◽  
Military Revolution

This chapter provides a history of the Ottoman naval fleet in the Tigris-Euphrates basin, referred to as the Shatt River Fleet in Ottoman bureaucratic parlance. In the sixteenth century, the Ottomans established two shipyards at the two ends of the river basin—Birecik in the north and Basra in the south. Both shipyards became the administrative centers for the Ottoman navy operating on the Tigris and Euphrates. Boats of the Shatt River Fleet were fitted with light cannon pieces and played a combat and support role in Ottoman military operations. They cooperated with land forces based in the fortresses to strengthen the Ottoman presence along the eastern frontier. While the literature on naval warfare in the early modern Military Revolution has largely focused on developments taking place at sea, this chapter shows how the Ottoman Empire adapted the latest naval technologies to a fluvial landscape.

Quaternary stratigraphy and glacial history of the Peace River valley, northeast British ColumbiaThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Geology of northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta: diamonds, shallow gas, gravel, and glaciers.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M.D. Hartman ◽  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Selection Of

Two Cordilleran and three Laurentide glacial advances are recorded in Quaternary sediments and landforms in the Peace River valley, northeast British Columbia. The advances are inferred from fluvial gravels, glaciolacustrine sediments, and tills within nested paleovalleys excavated during three interglaciations and from the distribution of granitoid clasts derived from the Canadian Shield. Till of the last (Late Wisconsinan) Laurentide glaciation occurs at the surface, except where it is overlain by postglacial sediments. The advance that deposited this till was the most extensive in the study area, and the only advance definitively recognized in western Alberta south of the study area. Late Wisconsinan Cordilleran till has not been found in the study area, but Cordilleran and Laurentide ice may have coalesced briefly during the last glaciation. Support for this supposition is provided by the inferred deflection of Laurentide flutings to the southeast by Cordilleran ice. The earliest Laurentide advance may have been the least extensive of the three Laurentide events recognized in the study area. Erratics attributed to this advance occur only east of the Halfway River – Beatton River drainage divide.

A Pollen Record from Birket Qarun and the Recent History of the Fayum, Egypt

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Mehringer ◽  
Kenneth L. Petersen ◽  
Fekri A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Sedimentary Records ◽  
The North ◽  
High Lake Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canal Maintenance ◽  
Detailed Record

Sediments and fossil pollen of two short cores from Birket Qarun, Egypt, reflect Nile floods, lake levels, and agricultural developments of the last 325 yr, and demonstrate the potential of a long and detailed record from the Fayum Depression. The chronology of these cores is inferred by correlation of historic events with changes in the fossil and sedimentary records.Subangular clay clasts and blocky structure resulting from occasional exposure, drying, and reworking of lake sediments reflect low Nile floods of the mid-1600s. Abundant pollen of shallowwater, rooted aquatic plants provides evidence for continued low lake levels through the 1700s. A high lake level, resulting from the extreme Nile flood of 1817–1818, is recorded by hystrichospheres, reworked by wave action, from Eocene marine sediments exposed on the north shore of Birket Qarun.Political administration, as reflected in agricultural policy, is also recorded in lake history. Changing lake levels are, in part, correlated with canal neglect during Mamluk and Ottoman control, and renewed canal maintenance under the agricultural policy of Mohammed Ali. Increased cattail (Typha) pollen dates from perenial irrigation after 1873. Olive and date pollen, and pollen of newly introduced exotic trees, are abundant after 1930 as a result of accelerated introduction and cultivation of fruit, lumber, fuel, and windbreak trees following World War I. The sequence of introduction of exotic plants is reflected in the pollen of Zea mays, from the New World, followed by Casuarina from Southeast Asia and Australia, and Eucalyptus from Australia.

A note on the glacial geology and postglacial emergence of the Lake Harbour region, Baffin Island, N.W.T.

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1864-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Ice Stream ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

Ice-flow indicators in the Lake Harbour region of northern Hudson Strait define two flow directions affecting this area during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. A pronounced southward flow direction indicated by medium- and large-scale erosional and depositional features represents ice flow from an ice dome centered to the north, perhaps Foxe Basin and (or) Amadjuak Lake. Carbonate-rich till and striations represent eastward–southeastward ice flow down the axis of Hudson Strait. Convergence of ice-sheet flow with a rapidly moving ice stream has been observed and modelled for West Antarctic ice streams and involves sharp bending of flow lines at the point of convergence. A similar scenario is proposed for the Lake Harbour region to explain the two contrasting ice-flow patterns. Impingement of an ice stream in Hudson Strait onto the southern coast of Baffin Island suggests the influence of northerly flowing ice, perhaps from the Ungava plateau.Radiocarbon dates on marine shells and archeological samples are used to reconstruct the postglacial emergence of the Lake Harbour region. The marine limit (90 m aht) and deglaciation are dated by extrapolation at ca. 8300 years BP. Postglacial emergence is characterized by an initial uplift rate of 4.4 m/100 years, which decreased to 0.2 m/100 years over the last 3900 years. The initial rate (4.4 m/100 years) is nearly 50% lower than rates calculated elsewhere in the Hudson Strait region and is interpreted to reflect the influence of an ice load centered over Amadjuak Lake directly north of the Lake Harbour region.

Geological results of the A.A. Chernov Upper-Pechora team

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
E.S. Ponomarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The year 1921 marks the beginning of a systematic study of the north of the Urals, which was initiated by the research of the Upper Pechora Geological Team under the leadership of A.A. Chernov, conducted in the Ilych River basin. The research of this territory continues to this day, the author of this paper gives a retrospective analysis of some of A.A. Chernov conclusions in his preliminary report of 1922. The history and some results of the study of Paleozoic reef for-mations are discussed. They are widely distributed in the Ilych River basin and poorly subjected to secondary transfor-mations. A.A. Chernov, in his report, described the bright prospects of the graphite discovered during research. However, upon further investigation, Ilych graphite turned out to be a “beautiful fairy tale” and, after the discovery of the Pe-chora coal basin, it was forgotten. The history of the study and repeated attempts to explore and extract lead ores in the Shantym-Priluk tract, which lasted almost until the 1960s of the XX century, is considered.

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