scholarly journals Modèles de dangerosité : les contrevenants sexuels et la loi

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Petrunik

The history of dangerous offender legislation reveals a selective focus on few sexual and violent offenders many of whom are not demonstrably more dangerous than most of the offenders from the larger pool of sexual and violent offenders from which they are drawn. To the extent such legislation draws attention from routine frequently occuring forms of violence in favour of the violence of a few predatory offenders it is clearly problematic. Nonetheless, there are good reasons such legislation is likely to be retained and perhaps modified to place a greater emphasis on community protection.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Jessica Hinchy ◽  
Girija Joshi

Abstract Indrani Chatterjee’s ground-breaking research has shown the centrality of obligation and provision to historical forms of slavery in South Asia, deepening our understanding of slave-using societies beyond the plantation systems that have dominated historiography, as well as historical memory. In this interview, Chatterjee explains why the crucial question in the context of South Asian slavery was: who do you serve and for what purpose? Enslavers were obliged to materially provide for their slaves, in return for the enslaved person’s service, labor and loyalty, creating varied relationships of dependence. By foregrounding the complex set of relationships and obligations in which slaves were enmeshed, Chatterjee seeks to “make people out of laborers.” This has led her to rethink the ways that resistance and agency have been conceptualized in slavery studies and Subaltern Studies, emphasizing the relationships within which a person became an agent. Her research has also deepened our understanding of colonialism and slavery. British colonizers generally ignored slaves’ entitlements to certain labor or taxation exemptions from the state, and colonial revenue-collection made the already-burdened doubly burdened. But in a hetero-temporal colonial context, older ways of identifying and forms of relationships endured. Chatterjee argues that this history of the provision of survival in contexts of enslavement is not “romanticizing,” but rather historicizes multiple forms of violence and shows a fuller, more varied picture of slavery.


2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110629
Author(s):  
Julia Hosie ◽  
Ashley Dunne ◽  
Katrina Simpson ◽  
Michael Daffern

This study explored the frequency, recency, content, severity, and targets of aggressive scripts reported by 94 incarcerated Australian males. The scripts of participants who reported a history of repeated and severe aggression were compared with the scripts of participants who reported a history of less severe and less frequent aggression. As hypothesized, participants with a history of more frequent and severe aggressive behavior reported more severe aggressive script content and more frequent script rehearsal. Furthermore, participants with a history of more frequent and severe aggressive behavior reported feelings of anticipation and excitement when they rehearsed aggressive scripts as well as an increase in the severity of aggressive scripts rehearsed over time. These results have important implications for risk assessment and treatment of violent offenders.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-499
Author(s):  
Destin Jenkins

This essay revisits Making the Second Ghetto to consider what Arnold Hirsch argued about the relationship between race, money, and the ghetto. It explores how Hirsch’s analysis of this relationship was at once consistent with those penned by other urban historians and distinct from those interested in the political economy of the ghetto. Although moneymaking was hardly the main focus, Hirsch’s engagement with “Vampire” rental agencies and panic peddlers laid the groundwork for an analysis that treats the post–World War II metropolis as a crucial node in the history of racial capitalism. Finally, this essay offers a way to connect local forms of violence to the kinds of constraints imposed by financiers far removed from the city itself.


1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alayne Yates ◽  
Larry E. Beutler ◽  
Marjorie Crago

Three groups of young, violent, incarcerated male offenders were compared through an analysis of semistructured interviews. These 339 young offenders described the early relationships with their fathers as more important than the early relationships with their mothers. Person offenders were relatively similar to murderers but, compared to this collective group of violent offenders, property offenders had a history of more severely impaired relationships and were more likely to have been labeled as emotionally disturbed or as learning disabled in school records. This study emphasizes the importance of considering ethnicity and of including a property offender contrast group in studies of young violent offenders.


2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Siegel

Although research shows that sexually abused children appear to be at risk of subsequent aggressive behavior, few investigations address whether such behavior persists beyond childhood. This research describes the self-reported adolescent and adult fighting behavior of 136 women sexually abused as children and examines the role of intervening variables in the risk of such behavior. The women are part of a longitudinal study of 206 primarily low-income, urban women whose abuse was documented at the time it occurred. Fighting was common, particularly during adolescence. Adult aggression was strongly associated with being a victim of violence by an intimate partner. A history of exposure to other forms of violence significantly increased the risk of fighting while strong maternal attachments mitigated the risk, primarily by reducing the likelihood of involvement in an abusive intimate relationship.


2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (895-896) ◽  
pp. 817-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Harroff-Tavel

AbstractIn a globalizing world marked by geopolitical upheaval, unprecedented threats to human security, new forms of violence and technological revolutions, particularly in the area of information technology, it is no simple task to raise awareness of international humanitarian law (IHL) applicable to armed conflict and ensure that warring parties comply with this body of law. This article traces the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) work in promoting IHL from 1864 to the present, juxtaposing this history with important events in international relations and with the organization's (sometimes traumatizing) experiences that ultimately gave rise to innovative programmes. The article summarizes lively debates that took place at the ICRC around such topics as the place of ethics in the promotion of IHL, respect for cultural diversity in the various methods used to promote this body of law, and how much attention should be devoted to youth – as well as the most effective way to do so. The author concludes by sharing her personal views on the best way to promote IHL in the future by drawing on the lessons of the past.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Marius Timmann Mjaaland

Abstract Whereas Samuel Moyn has argued that human rights represent the last utopia, sociologist Hans Joas suggests that the modern history of human rights represents a critical alternative to the common theory of secularization understood as disenchantment (Weber). In Joas’s reading, the political and social emphasis on human rights contributes to a sacralization of the person, not only understood as utopia, but also as societal ideal. Following Durkheim, Joas understands the sacred within the society as the continuous process of refashioning the ideal society within the real society. Although acknowledging Joas’s critique of Weber, the author is more critical of his idealization of universal human rights and his affirmative genealogy of this ideal running back to the so-called Axial Age. Mjaaland argues that the normative and formative functions of human rights are better served by a suspicious genealogy of morals, taking also the problematic aspects of human rights policy into account, including its dependence on new forms of violence and cruelty. He concludes that a more modest and pragmatic understanding of human rights may therefore strengthen rather than weaken their authority and future influence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (48) ◽  
pp. 37-67
Author(s):  
Lidija Terek

The paper is dealing with the problem of violent behaviour in the reality show "Couples" (Parovi), which is broadcasted on Happy TV, a commercial television with a national frequency in Serbia. Based on the idea that the conditions in reality shows are conducive to violence due to a large amount of character interaction and little plot, and guided by the results of the research that studied violent behaviours in reality shows in the UK, our research aimed to determine which forms of violent behaviour are most prevalent in this reality show, in what situations and under what circumstances violent behaviours mostly occur, as well as who commits violence most often. The results showed that the most common forms of violence were direct emotional/psychological violence, that the most frequent and diverse violent behaviour was expressed by the Production and TV hosts, that nearly all the violent behaviour of participants were a reaction to the Production's and hosts' provocation and manipulation, as well as that individuals , who have a history of violent behaviour, most often behaved violently during the show. The obtained results proved that the Production of this reality show intends to provoke conflicts and violent behaviours, to compensate for the lack of story.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
María Luisa Femenías

Resumen: Este trabajo recoge la charla de MaríaLuisa Femenías, transcrita y re-elaborada por la autora,presentada por videoconferencia el 22 de marzo de 2011,en un evento pensado como preparación para la cohorteen Estudios de Género del Doctorado de Humanidadesde la Universidad del Valle. Femenías inicia su charlapostulando tres niveles de feminismos, (a) un nivel teórico, (b) un feminismo militante y, por último, (c) el feminismoespontáneo del movimiento de mujeres. En el nivel teórico,la autora reconoce la necesidad de situar nuestros propiossaberes y poder dinamizar las categorías que nos llegande afuera, en función de nuestros propios problemas yexperiencias, nuestras situaciones particulares históricosocialesy geográficas. La autora reconoce que la historiade nuestros movimientos muestra, no calcos de lo ajeno,sino respuestas a acontecimientos locales “previos”, quehan dado lugar a movimientos de mujeres autónomos.En ese sentido, Femenías sostiene que el pensamientofeminista latinoamericano es original y es originario en lamedida en que parte de su propia situación y localización,y tiene características propias como la pluralidad étnicocultural,lo cual hace aún más imperativo que se tome encuenta la intersección género, clase y etnia. La autoraretoma el concepto de subalternidad, pues las mujeresconstituimos una “minoría”, no numéricamente, sino enrelación con nuestro escaso usufructo de los espacios depoder. Se examinan los modos en los cuales el problemade la violencia doméstica se estructura como un eje queinvisibiliza otras violencias, como por ejemplo la violenciade la exclusión por naturalización que sostiene la divisiónsexual del trabajo y de los espacios asociados. Finalmente,se admite que la mayoría de nuestras luchas han sido porla legalización de los derechos de las mujeres, lo cual nosvincula con el feminismo denominado “de la igualdad”,pero que este reclamo ha insuficiente , lo cual, de un modoo de otro, ha conducido a la revisión situada de esos conceptos,en relación con lo que se ha llamado la “culturafemenina” que remite a la preocupación “en red” de quetodos y todas puedan vivir una vida que merezca ser vivida.Palabras clave: feminismos, pensamiento feminista latinoamericano, subalternidad, género, clase, etniaLatin American Feminisms: An OverviewAbstract: This paper corresponds to a talk given byMaría Luisa Femenías, transcribed and reworked by theauthor, which was a videoconference given on March 22,2011, in an event preparing for the Doctorate of Humanities,emphasis on Gender Studies. Femenías postulatesthree levels of feminism, (a) a theoretical level, (b) feministmilitancy, and (c) spontaneous women’s movements. Onthe theoretical level, the author recognizes the need to placeour knowledge and retool foreign categories with regardto our own problems and experiences, our historical andsocial situations and geography. The author recognizesthat the history of our movements has mostly respondedto local events, giving rise to autonomous women’s movements.In this sense Latin American feminist thought isoriginal, for it obeys our own characteristics, such as ourethnic and cultural plurality, which makes it imperative totake into account the intersections among gender, class andethnicity. Femenías invokes the concept of subalternity, for women constitute a minority, not numerically, but in the sense of our low levels of access to power. The paper alludes to ways in which domestic violence becomes a screen making other forms of violence invisible, among them the sexual division of labor and its associated spaces. Finally, it is admitted that most of our struggles have been for legalization of women’s rights, which ties us to “equality feminism”, but this has been insufficient, which has led to the revision of concepts in relation to what has been called “feminine culture”, related in turn to the purpose of making it possible for everyone to lead a life worth living.Key Words: feminisms, Latina American feministthought, subalternity, gender, class, ethnicity


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