scholarly journals Unemployment, Inflation and « Guest Workers »: Comparative Study of Three European Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-764
Author(s):  
Adolf Sturmthal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
West Germany ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Guest Workers

An attempt is made here to show the conditions under which Austria, West Germany and Sweden have come closer than other countries in attaining the double objective of full employment and price stability. Answers appear to lie in the direction of Gross Domes tic Product and the idea of a "Social Contract".

Electrical Vehicles: To What Extent are Environmentally Friendly and Cost Effective? – Comparative Study by European Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Costa ◽  
J. C. Barbosa ◽  
H. Castro ◽  
R. Gonçalves ◽  
S. Lanceros-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

scholarly journals Uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries: a comparative study and discussion of factors influencing implementation and uptake of biosimilars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Azuz ◽  
Max Newton ◽  
Dorthe Bartels ◽  
Birgitte Klindt Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Market Share ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
European Data ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Rapid Dissemination

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries. Methods European data for usage of trastuzumab was supplied by IQVIA™, using the MIDAS® dataset. A comparison was performed based on market share estimated in sales volume. A separate comparison was undertaken between countries with a full two-fold switch between different biosimilars. Data was collected spanning the time from first registered sales of biosimilar trastuzumab until the 1st quarter of 2020. Results Denmark had the fastest and most thorough uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab compared with other EU countries. After 3 months, the market share of biosimilar trastuzumab had increased to 90% while the second fastest country had a 50% market share after 3 months. Only two other countries had undergone a full second switch between biosimilars, Hungary and Norway. All of the three countries made near complete switches between biosimilars while only Denmark had reduced the use of biooriginator below 10%. Conclusion The implementation of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark was rapid and achieved high overall uptake compared with other EU countries. The switch from one biosimilar to another was also achieved quickly and thoroughly. We believe that the rapid dissemination of information and involvement of all stakeholders — administrators, pharmacies, prescribers, nurses, and patients — constitute the backbone of the Danish success. A similar strategy is recommend for biosimilar implementation in other countries.

Towards Full Employment and Price Stability.

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Donald R. Hodgman ◽  
Paul McCracken ◽  
Guido Carli ◽  
Herbert Giersch ◽  
Attila Karaosmanoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Price Stability

scholarly journals The Constitutions of West Germany and the United States: A Comparative Study

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Kauper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany

scholarly journals Albania's Monetary Policy and the Basic Indicators that Effect the Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Bernard Balla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Consumer Prices

Macroeconomic policies aim to stabilize the economy by achieving their goal of price stability, full employment and economic growth. Price stability is the responsibility of macroeconomic policies that are developed to maintain a low inflation rate, contribute to the solidity of the domestic product and maintain an exchange rate that can be predictable. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Albania's monetary policy by highlighting the main indicators that can be used as a measurement of the efficiency of this policy in the economic development. The literature review shows that there are many attitudes regarding the factors that need to be taken into consideration when analyzing monetary policies, including the elements of fiscal policies. In the Albanian economy, the prices and the level of inflation are the most important aspects. The Bank of Albania uses the inflation targeting regime, considering that the main indicator of inflationary pressures in the economy is the deviation of inflation forecasted in the medium term by its target level. In numerical terms, the bank intends to maintain its annual growth in consumer prices at the level of 3%. According to the latest reports published by the Bank of Albania in 2019, monetary policy continues to contribute positively to a financial environment with a low interest rate and an annual inflation rate of 2%. Although the inflation rate hit the lowest value of 1.8 % in 2018, a balanced rate was achieved through the reduction of interest rates and risk premiums in financial markets and, more recently, through the tightening of the exchange rate. These monetary conditions are appropriate to support the growth of domestic demand and the strengthening of inflationary pressures.

scholarly journals Mapping Shia Muslim Communities in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafa Shanneik ◽  
Chris Heinhold ◽  
Zahra Ali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the special issue onMapping Shia Muslim Communities in Europe.1 With six empirically rich case studies on Shia Muslim communities in various European countries, this issue intends: first, to illustrate the historical developments and emergence of the Shia presence in Europe; second, to highlight the local particularities of the various Shia communities within each nation state and demonstrate their transnational links; and third, to provide for the first time an empirical comparative study on the increasingly visible presence of Shia communities in Europe that fills an important gap in research on Muslims in Europe.

The Social Contract as an Analytic, Justificatory, and Polemic Device

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Keyt
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Comparative Study

John Rawls, in his distinguished revival and animation of the theory of the social contract, maintains that “the procedure of contract theories provides … a general analytic method for the comparative study of conceptions of justice ” (p. 121). As a corollary, he holds, secondly, that “if one interpretation [of the contractual situation] is philosophically most favoured, and if its principles characterize our considered judgments, we have a procedure for justification as well ” (p. 122). Finally, Rawls uses the social contract as a critical or polemic device; he is prepared to reject a conception of justice if the contractual situation associated with it contains objectionable features.

Organisational training and development in the European context: a longitudinal comparative study among 18 European countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Nikandrou ◽  
Eleni Apospori ◽  
Nancy Papalexandris
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Context
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