scholarly journals Analyse des effets de l’assurance et de la relation de confiance consommateur-producteur sur les possibilités d’abus des chirurgiens

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Dionne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Full Insurance

Abstract The object of this paper is to analyse the effects of insurance and of the relation of trust between consumer and producer on the possibilities of fraud by the producer. Fraud is defined as the provision of unnecessary services to a consumer who does not possess full information about the quality of his purchase. The possibilities of fraud increase with insurance. In particular, they are very high with full insurance since real cost of search tends to infinite. Also we verify that good trust between consumer and producer limits search activities. We apply this model to the market of surgeons in the United States. This market reflects the main characteristics of the model: the consumer is not well informed, the relation of trust is important, the cost of search is high, the service is largely insured and there is excess capacity.

The Economic Impact of a Foodborne Disease Outbreak Due to Staphylococcus aureus

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SUDHAKAR ◽  
R. NAGESWARA RAO ◽  
RAMESH V. BHAT ◽  
C. P. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The economic cost of a Staphylococcus aureus outbreak involving over 100 persons was estimated. About 41% of the expenditure was borne by the affected persons which includes, loss of wages or productivity loss and other expenses. The cost of hospitalization, laboratory investigations, etc., was 43%. Educative and preventive measures would considerably reduce the economic cost of the outbreaks which are very high for a developing economy. A comparison of the economic cost calculated on the basis of percent of per capita income with that of a similar outbreak in the United States indicated that the cost of a foodborne disease outbreak is higher in India than in the United States.

The Impact of Hospitalists on the Cost and Quality of Inpatient Care in the United States: A Research Synthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Coffman ◽  
Thomas G. Rundall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The impact of DRGs on the cost and quality of health care in the United States

Health Policy ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyne K. Davis ◽  
Deborah J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Can Michigan’s Upper Peninsula Achieve Justice in Transitioning to 100% Renewable Electricity? Survey of Public Perceptions in Sociotechnical Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Adewale A. Adesanya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The cost of energy in the Western Upper Peninsula (WUP), a rural and northern part of the state of Michigan, is among the highest in the United States. This situation has resulted in hardship for WUP residents due to exorbitant electricity bills. While interest in renewable electricity (RE) has increased in the region, the unanswered questions are what factors would make WUP residents more or less supportive of a transition to 100% RE, and how does the support for a 100% RE transition differ between counties in the WUP? This research analyzed factors that would make residents more or less supportive of a 100% RE transition in the WUP. This research investigated public perceptions through a quantitative residents’ survey (N = 347). Using logistic regression, the results show that residents’ likelihood to participate in a municipality-led initiative that will reduce their consumption by 5% is statistically significant to their probability of support for wind energy development at p < 0.05. Furthermore, the likelihood of 100% RE transition support is very high across WUP counties, with a similar trend for project preferences. The results in this research can provide a roadmap for future community-engaged planning on 100% RE in various counties in the region.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Targeted Disinfection Program in Household Kitchens To Prevent Foodborne Illnesses in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN B. DUFF ◽  
ELIZABETH A. SCOTT ◽  
MICHAEL S. MAFILIOS ◽  
EWEN C. TODD ◽  
LEONARD R. KRILOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cost

Foodborne illnesses impose a substantial economic and quality-of-life burden on society by way of acute morbidity and chronic sequelae. We developed an economic model to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of a disinfection program that targets high-risk food preparation activities in household kitchens. For the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, we used published literature and expert opinion to estimate the cost of the program (excluding the educational component); the number of cases of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections prevented; and the economic and quality-of-life outcomes. In our primary analysis, the model estimated that approximately 80,000 infections could be prevented annually in U.S. households, resulting in $138 million in direct medical cost savings (e.g., physician office visits and hospitalizations avoided), 15,845 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, $788 million in program costs, and a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio of $41,021/QALY gained. Results were similar for households in Canada and the United Kingdom (Can $21,950/QALY gained and £86,341/QALY gained, respectively). When we evaluated implementing the program only in U.S. households with high-risk members (those less than 5 years of age, greater than 65 years of age, or immunocompromised), the cost-effectiveness ratio was more favorable ($10,163/QALY gained). Results were similar for high-risk households in Canada and the United Kingdom (Can$1,915/QALY gained and £28,158/QALY gained, respectively). Implementing a targeted disinfection program in household kitchens in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom appears to be a cost-effective strategy, falling within the range generally considered to warrant adoption and diffusion (&lt;$100,000/QALY gained).

scholarly journals Technology Influence on Product Quality, Speed of Delivery and Cost

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

This paper explores the hypothesis that technology can be used to improve product quality, speed up delivery and reduced cost. For companies improving the quality of their products, reducing the cost and improving the speed of delivery makes them favorable to the client who feels like all their needs have been met. The research occurs between the months of January 2018 to April 2018 which is about four months. The research experiment design uses the pretest-posttest experimental design set up between two companies both using the traditional method of manufacturing with no technology. In one company technology is introduced while in the other company the process remains the same traditional method of production. Both companies analyze the results at the end of a four-month period before a conclusion is drawn from both the pretest and the final test. The experiment results show that technology improves quality of the product, improves the speed of delivery while at the same time reduce cost benefiting both the producer and the client. Technology should, therefore, be implemented in companies to give them an edge over the competition. With technology in companies, the United States can reclaim production from overseas companies that have taken over by providing cheap labor. Better satisfied customers mean more production which in turn means more jobs for the people in the United States.

Exploring Cost and Quality of Medicare in the United States using Analytics

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Viju Raghupathi ◽  
Wullianallur Raghupathi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Number Of Discharges ◽  
Uninsured Population ◽  
Regional Cost ◽  
National Effort

In this research, the authors explore the association of cost and quality of care indicators for Medicare in the United States. Using analytics they offer a portfolio of influencing factors and geographic areas that are most and least expensive for Medicare recipients. The cost indicator includes Medicare charges; the quality of care indicators include hospital location, number of discharges, readmissions, mortality rate, age, percentages of uninsured population and population aged 65 and older. The results indicate that Medicare cost is not positively associated with quality of care, suggesting that patients in higher-priced facilities do not necessarily receive better quality of care. Moreover, there are regional cost variances for the same procedure. The authors show how a national effort to standardize costs of heart-related Medicare procedures could result in substantial savings in healthcare spending. They offer healthcare agencies and hospitals actionable insights for improving operational efficiency and providing more affordable care.

Future Needs in Weed Science

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

Losses due to weeds in the United States and the cost of their control are now more than $20 billion annually (35). Of this total, $13 billion represents a 10% annual loss in agricultural production that includes not only the direct competition of weeds to reduce crop yields but also the reduced quality of produce, livestock losses, and increased cost of fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting, grain drying, transportation, and storage. In addition, farmers spend more than $7.2 billion to control weeds each year. About 43% of the expenditures to control weeds is the retail cost of herbicides, $3.1 billion, in 1980 (15). The value of herbicides sold in 1984 will probably be about 15% higher than in 1980. An additional $4.1 billion represents the cost of tillage and hand labor required for weed control (35). The total loss of over $20 billion represents an indirect annual weed tax of about $85 on each individual living in the United States.

The Impact of Alternative Practices on the Cost and Quality of Mammographic Screening in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Burnside ◽  
Jeff Belkora ◽  
Laura Esserman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mammographic Screening ◽  
Alternative Practices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact
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