scholarly journals Le marché immobilier : quelques perspectives à long terme pour la région de Trois-Rivières

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
L. M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Listing Service ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transaction Price

Abstract The results of any analysis of local real estate markets must be qualified interms of the long run equilibrium conditions assumed in the study. Such propertycharacteristics as: non homogeneity, durability, length of response lag time, etc.,are frequently suggested as major factors which contribute to the inefficiency ofreal estate markets. Periods of prolonged exogeneous inflationary expectations,which may be indicated by changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), addfurther complexity to the analysis of real estate markets. This paper presents a brief discussion of the factors which influence thesupply and demand for Real Estate. Special reference is made to the City ofTrois-Rivières, Québec, which is analysed over the ten year period 1971 to 1981. In this market the impact of changes in income on long run demand would appearto be negative. The effect of demographic factors, particularly population in the25 to 34 year age group, is not clear. There is some indication of a shift in supplyacross submarkets over the 1976-1979 time period. Price changes, measured in current dollars using the Multiple Listing Service(MLS) average transaction price, increased approximately 200 per cent over arelatively short period in the early 1970s. Most of this appreciation appears tohave been lost over the longer time period of the study. Average MLS transaction price, adjusted for inflation, fluctuated between$12,000 and $28,000 over the same period. After appropriate qualification of the results, in terms of the data and themethodology used to analyse the data, it would appear that housing prices in theaggregated Trois-Rivières market have not increased appreciably in current orconstant dollars over the period 1971-1981 although this may not have been thecase in particular submarkets.

Application of ARMA Regression Model of Housing Prices Influence Factors of Xi'an

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 3340-3342
Author(s):  
Hui Zhi ◽  
Yue Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Housing Price Index ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

By selecting the relevant factors affect the real estate price, with the qualitative analysis method to analyze the housing prices changes of Xi'an, and then establish ARMA regression model of the housing price index, found that the factors exist long-run co-integration. In order to better reflect the actual, the government policy as a dummy variable is introduced into the model to make regression results more significantly, showing that government policies play an important role in the control of the impact on real estate prices.

Credit expansion, state ownership and capital structure of Chinese real estate companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfu Shen ◽  
Xianting Yin
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Credit Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Period

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the credit expansion in 2009 and 2010 in China on the capital structure of listed real estate companies. Design/methodology/approach – Chinese listed real estate companies are divided into two groups, state-owned and non-state-owned, because their access to credit markets have different priority to state-owned banks that dominate bank lending. The difference-in-differences approach is employed to test the impact of changes in leverage ratios and loan ratios before and after the credit expansion period in state-owned firms and non-state-owned firms. Findings – Using quarterly panel regressions, the authors find that during the credit expansion period, state-owned companies exhibit a relatively greater increase in leverage ratios than non-state-owned firms. State-owned firms have greater increases in book leverage ratios, market leverage ratios and long-term debt ratios by 5.2, 4.9 and 1.1 per cent, respectively. It is also shown that loan ratios have increased more in state-owned firms than non-state-owned firms during the credit expansion period. Research limitations/implications – The paper explores only the impacts of credit expansion on capital structure of listed real estate firms in China. Further studies can be conducted to investigate the impact of credit supply on corporate investment decisions of real estate firms and on real estate markets. Practical implications – The findings can help explain the surge in land and housing prices after 2008 in China. Deng et al. (2015) find that state-owned real estate firms paid more for land price than non-state-owned firms, which contributed to upward pressure on housing prices. This paper shows that such “over-investment” may be due to the increase of debt financing and availability of bank loans to real estate firms. Thus the credit market can affect real estate markets through debt financing at company level. Originality/value – This paper is the first to investigate the impact of credit supply on capital structure of real estate companies, and presents evidence of the importance of credit supply as a determinant of capital structure.

An Analysis of Procedural Medicare Reimbursement Rates in Hand Surgery: 2000 to 2019

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472199080
Author(s):  
Danielle A Thornburg ◽  
Nikita Gupta ◽  
Nathan Chow ◽  
Jack Haglin ◽  
Shelley Noland
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicare Reimbursement ◽  
Reimbursement Rate ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Medicare reimbursement trends across multiple surgical subspecialties have been analyzed; however, little has been reported regarding the long-term trends in reimbursement of hand surgery procedures. The aim of this study is to analyze trends in Medicare reimbursement for commonly performed hand surgeries. Methods: Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File, we determined the 20 hand surgery procedure codes most commonly billed to Medicare in 2016. Reimbursement rates were collected and analyzed for each code from The Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool for years 2000 to 2019. We compared the change in reimbursement rate for each procedure to the rate of inflation in US dollars, using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the same time period. Results: The reimbursement rate for each procedure increased on average by 13.9% during the study period while the United States CPI increased significantly more by 46.7% ( P < .0001). When all reimbursement data were adjusted for inflation to 2019 dollars, the average reimbursement for all included procedures in this study decreased by 22.6% from 2000 to 2019. The average adjusted reimbursement rate for all procedures decreased by 21.92% from 2000 to 2009 and decreased by 0.86% on average from 2009 to 2019 ( P < .0001). Conclusion: When adjusted for inflation, Medicare reimbursement for hand surgery has steadily decreased over the past 20 years. It will be important to consider the implications of these trends when evaluating healthcare policies and the impact this has on access to hand surgery.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exchange Rate on Bangladesh’s Export: A Cointegration Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Takrima Sayeda
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the paper is to see if there is any relationship exist between free floating exchange rate and export performance of Bangladesh. It inspects the monthly data of exchange rate and export value for the time period between year 2000 and 2017. It utilized the Johansen [1] cointegration approach to identify the extent of long run and short run relationship between them. The study could not establish neither any long term trend nor any short term dynamics between the variables. Respective variables are significantly related to their own immediate past values. Distant past values do not have any implications. This study suggests that short run macroeconomic policy would be beneficial to influence the foreign exchange market and eventually the performance of export of Bangladesh.

House price index (HPI) and Covid-19 pandemic shocks: evidence from Turkey and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim Aliefendioğlu ◽  
Harun Tanrivermis ◽  
Monsurat Ayojimi Salami
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
House Price Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asymmetric Pricing ◽  
Long Run

Purpose This paper aims to investigate asymmetric pricing behaviour and impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic shocks on house price index (HPI) of Turkey and Kazakhstan. Design/methodology/approach Monthly HPIs and consumer price index (CPI) data ranges from 2010M1 to 2020M5 are used. This study uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model for empirical analysis. Findings The findings of this study reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic exerted both long-run and short-run asymmetric relationship on HPI of Turkey while in Kazakhstan, the long-run impact of Covid-19 pandemic shock is symmetrical long-run positive effect is similar in both HPI markets. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this study are the study scope and data set due to data constraint. Several other macroeconomic variables may affect housing prices; however, variables used in this study satisfy the focus of this study in the presence of data constraint. HPI and CPI variables were made available on monthly basis for a considerably longer period which guaranteed the ranges of data set used in this study. Practical implications Despite the limitation, this study provides necessary information for authorities and prospective investors in HPI to make a sound investment decision. Originality/value This is the first study that rigorously and simultaneously examines the pricing behaviour of Turkey and Kazakhstan HPIs in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic shocks at the regional level. HPI of Kazakhstan is recognized in the global real estate transparency index but the study is rare. The study contributes to regional studies on housing price by bridging this gap in the real estate literature.

Real estate risk, yield modelling and market sentiment: the impact on pricing in European office markets

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony McGough ◽  
Jim Berry
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Capital Markets ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Market Sentiment ◽  
Office Markets ◽  
Risk Pricing ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe financial and economic turmoil that resulted from the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), included a marked increase in the volatility in real estate markets. Property asset prices were impacted by the real economy and market sentiment, particularly concerning the determination of risk. In an economic downturn, the perception of investment risk becomes increasingly important relative to overall total returns, and thus impacts on yields and performance of assets. In a recovery phase, and particularly within an environment of historically low government bonds, risk and return compete for importance. The aim of this paper is to assess the interrelationships and impacts on pricing between real estate risk, yield modelling outcomes and market sentiment in selective European city office markets.Design/methodology/approachThis paper specifically considers the modelling of commercial property pricing in relation to the appetite for risk in the financial markets. The paper expands on previous work by determining a specific measure of risk pricing in relationship to changing financial market sentiment. The methodology underpinning the research specifically examines the scope for using national and international risk pricing within specific real estate markets in Europe.FindingsThis paper addresses whether there is a difference between the impact of risk on the pricing of real estate in international versus regional cities in Europe. The analysis, therefore, determines which city centre office markets in Europe have been most impacted by globalisation including the magnitude on real estate prices and market volatility. The outcome of the paper provides important insights into how changes in risk preferences in the international capital markets have driven and continues to drive yield movements under different market conditions.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper considers the driving forces which have led to the volatile movements of yields, emanating from the GFC.Practical implicationsThis paper considers the property market effects on pricing of commercial real estate and the drivers in selected European cities.Originality/valueThe outcome of the paper provides important insights into how changes in risk preferences in the international capital markets have driven and continue to drive the yield movements in different real estate markets in Europe.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infects Real Estate Markets: Short and Mid-Run Effects on Housing Prices in Campania Region (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Del Giudice ◽  
Pierfrancesco De Paola ◽  
Francesco Paolo Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Predator Model ◽  
Real Estate Prices

The COVID-19 (also called “SARS-CoV-2”) pandemic is causing a dramatic reduction in consumption, with a further drop in prices and a decrease in workers’ per capita income. To this will be added an increase in unemployment, which will further depress consumption. The real estate market, as for other productive and commercial sectors, in the short and mid-run, will not tend to move independently from the context of the aforementioned economic variables. The effect of pandemics or health emergencies on housing markets is an unexplored topic in international literature. For this reason, firstly, the few specific studies found are reported and, by analogy, studies on the effects of terrorism attacks and natural disasters on real estate prices are examined too. Subsequently, beginning from the real estate dynamics and economic indicators of the Campania region before the COVID-19 emergency, the current COVID-19 scenario is defined (focusing on unemployment, personal and household income, real estate judicial execution, real estate dynamics). Finally, a real estate pricing model is developed, evaluating the short and mid-run COVID-19 effects on housing prices. To predict possible changes in the mid-run of real estate judicial execution and real estate dynamics, the economic model of Lotka–Volterra (also known as the “prey–predator” model) was applied. Results of the model indicate a housing prices drop of 4.16% in the short-run and 6.49% in the mid-run (late 2020–early 2021).

scholarly journals THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSE PRICES AND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ARDL APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roula Inglesi-Lotz ◽  
Rangan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Price Index ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Middle Segment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Housing Costs

This paper investigates whether house prices provide a suitable hedge against inflation in South Africa by analysing the long-run relationship between house prices and the prices of non-housing goods and services. Quarterly data series are collected for the luxury, large middle-segment, medium middle-segment, small middle-segment and the entire middle segment of house prices, as well as, the consumer price index excluding housing costs for the period 1970:Q1–2011:Q1. Based on autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, the empirical results indicate long-run cointegration between the house prices of all the segments and the consumer price index excluding housing costs. Moreover, the long-run elasticity of house prices with respect to prices of non-housing goods and services, i.e., the Fisher coefficient is greater than one for the luxury segment, virtually equal to one for the small middle-segment, and less than one for the large and medium middle-segments, as well as the affordable segments. More importantly though, the estimated Fisher coefficients are not statistically different from unity – a result consistent with the proposed theoretical framework relating housing prices and consumer prices excluding housing expenditure. In general, we infer that house prices in South Africa provide a stable inflation hedge in the long-run.

Homeownership and Financial Strain Following the Collapse of the Housing Market: A Comparative Study on Loan Delinquencies Between Black and White Households

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bieker ◽  
Yoonkyung Yuh
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the extent to which homeownership contributed to household financial strain as measured by loan delinquency after the onset of the recent housing market crash, and to examine if the impact of homeownership on household financial strain differed for Black and White households. Using data from the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances, we found that, after controlling for other factors, a household's housing preferences had a potential effect on the likelihood of experiencing financial strain following the collapse of residential housing prices. In addition, Black homeowners were more likely to have experienced financial strain following the housing collapse than were White homeowners, regardless of the time period in which the home was purchased. The implications of the findings for public policy, personal financial planning and education, and further research are presented.

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