Radical Voices, Radical Ways

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Radical Ideas

This book is a collection of essays that study the diffusion of radical ideas in Britain from the period of the English Revolution in the mid-seventeenth century to the Romantic Revolution in the early nineteenth century. It explores the modes of articulation and dissemination of radical ideas in the period by focusing on actors (“radical voices”) and a variety of written texts and cultural practices (“radical ways”), ranging from fiction, correspondence, pamphlets and newspapers to petitions presented to Parliament and toasts raised in public. It analyses the way these media interact with their political, religious, social and literary context. It adopts an interdisciplinary perspective and uses case studies as insights into the global picture of radical ideas.

The “Natural Elevation” of Equity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia D. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Justice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
New Nation

Chapter 1 explores the reasons why equity took root in American soil despite the long-standing suspicion, dating primarily from the seventeenth-century English Revolution and exacerbated by the colonial experience, that it was linked to royal tyranny. Challenging those who offer an exclusively functionalist explanation, focused on commercial needs, it emphasizes the important role played in equity’s early nineteenth-century institutionalization by two leading, contemporary jurists—James Kent, Chancellor of New York, and Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court justice and author of the leading contemporary treatises on equity. The chapter argues that these men conceptualized equity procedure as a quasi-inquisitorial system intended to bolster a powerful, discretion-laden judicial elite. This elite, they insisted, would promote national greatness and thereby elevate the standing of the new nation vis-à-vis its older, European competitors. At the same time, they believed, such judges would maintain a firm grip on the helm of state, fostering the new country’s commercial growth, while also assisting it to avoid the worst dangers and excesses of democratization. With time, however, Kent’s and Story’s very success in institutionalizing chancery’s quasi-inquisitorial procedure and linking it to an elitist vision of social and political rule would contribute to ushering in a backlash against it.

Veiling Esther, Unveiling Her Story

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

This book examines the ways in which the biblical book of Esther was read, understood, and used in Muslim lands, from ancient to modern times. It zeroes-in on a selection of case studies, covering works from various periods and regions of the Muslim world, including the Qur’an, premodern historical chronicles and literary works, the writings of a nineteenth-century Shia feminist, a twentieth-century Iranian dictionary, and others. These case studies demonstrate that Muslim sources contain valuable materials on Esther, which shed light both on the Esther story itself and on the Muslim peoples and cultures that received it. The book argues that Muslim sources preserve important, pre-Islamic materials on Esther that have not survived elsewhere, some of which offer answers to ancient questions about Esther, such as the meaning of Haman’s epithet in the Greek versions of the story, the reason why Mordecai refused to prostrate himself before Haman, and the literary context of the “plot of the eunuchs” to kill the Persian king. Furthermore, throughout the book we will see how each author’s cultural and religious background influenced his or her understanding and retelling of the Esther story: In particular, it will be shown that Persian Muslims (and Jews) were often forced to reconcile or choose between the conflicting historical narratives provided by their religious and cultural heritages respectively.

Households and ‘hidden’ kin in early-nineteenth-century England: four case studies in suburban Exeter, 1821–1861

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Cooper ◽  
Moira Donald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
Xixe Siècle

Cet article étudie la parenté entre les chefs de ménage et leurs serviteurs domestiques, dans la banlieue d'Exeter. On se concentre particulièrement sur les cas où le recensement ancien n'enregistre pas de lien familial et où le nom de famille du chef de menage est different de celui de son employé, homme ou femme. On a cependant réussi à prouver une parenté de sang entre maître et domestique. La méthode adoptée pour ce travail est inhabituelle, d'autant plus qu'on a tracé aussi bien les lignées féminines que masculines, ce qui a mené à des conclusions intéressantes et nouvelles en ce qui concerne d'une part les proportions de membres de la famille qui résident dans les ménages au début du XIXe siècle et d'autre part la nature du service domestique durant cette période.

The Politics of Poetics in Early Qajar Iran: Writing Royal-Commissioned Tazkeras at Fath-ʿAli Shāh’s Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naofumi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Abstract The middle of the eighteenth century reportedly witnessed the emergence of the new literary movement in Persian poetry, called the “bāzgasht-e adabi,” or literary return, which rejected the seventeenth-century mainstream Indian or tāza-guʾi style. This literary movement recently merits increased attention from many scholars who are interested in wider Persianate cultures. This article explores the reception of this movement in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Iran and the role played by the Qajar royal court in it, mainly by the analysis of a specific sub-genre of tazkeras, called “royal-commissioned tazkeras,” which were produced from the reign of the second Qajar monarch Fath-ʿAli Shāh onward. A main focus will be on the reciprocal relationship between the court poets/literati and the shah, which presumably somehow affected our understanding of Persian literature today.

The Soviet Project of the 1930s to Found a “World Literature” and British Literary Internationalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-425
Author(s):  
Katerina Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary History ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Network ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
Georg Lukacs ◽  
Georg Lukács

Abstract A major lacuna in Pascale Casanova’s account of world literature in her World Republic of Letters is the Soviet venture into establishing a “world literature” (mirovaia literatura) to be centered not in Paris but in Moscow. This aim was most actively pursued between the wars, when many writers were implicated in its international network. This moment in literary history provides a missing link in the progression from the more elitist world literature as conceived by Goethe and others in the early nineteenth century to world literature in our postcolonialist present and era of globalization. This article outlines the networks that sought to foster such a world literature and the main aesthetic controversies within the movement. In particular, the article looks at the efforts of such official spokesmen as Andrei Zhdanov, Karl Radek, and Georg Lukács to proscribe “bourgeois” modernism. It takes members of the British Writers’ International and their associated journals the Left Review and New Writing as case studies in the interplay between Moscow as putative “metropole” and the “periphery.”

Morbid Jealousy: Some Clinical and Social Aspects of a Psychiatric Symptom

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (449) ◽  
pp. 687-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Green Is ◽  
French Word

Jealousy is more than a psychiatric symptom. Its language is universal: the conduct and feelings of the jealous man and woman have repeatedly drawn the attention of the great observers of human nature, the moralists and the philosophers as well as the poets and the novelists. They have, on the whole, described the reaction more successfully than they have defined it. Even the most celebrated definitions—Descartes' “kind of fear related to a desire to preserve a possession” or Spinoza's “mixture of hate and love”, for example— merely illustrate the complexity of a term whose many nuances of meaning can be detected in its roots. The English adjective “jealous” and the noun “jealousy” are derived respectively from the French “jaloux” and “jalousie”, both taken from the old Provençal “gilos”; “gilos” in turn may be traced back to the vulgar Latin adjective “zelosus” which comes from the late Latin “zelus” and so indirectly from the Greek ζηλoς. In its transmission the word has thus been debased. It has ceased to denote “zeal” or “ardour”; the “noble passion” which stood opposed to “envy” for the Greeks has acquired a pejorative quality. In modern German the distinction is preserved verbally, “Eifersucht” having been formed from the original “Eifer” (zeal) and the suffix “-sucht”, which is cognate with “siech”, meaning “sickly”. Amorous jealousy claims associations of its own. During the seventeenth century the French word “jalousie” acquired the meaning of “blind” or “shutter”; in this sense it entered the English language as a noun in the early nineteenth century; the transmutation is thought to have signified a jocular reference to the suspicious husband or lover who could watch unobserved behind the jalousie; the Italian word “gelosia” is used in this way as early as the middle of the sixteenth century. In the Scandinavian languages separate words designate amorous jealousy. (1) The Swedish “svartsjuk”, literally “black sick”, is taken from an old expression which identified jealousy with the wearing of black socks; the Danish “skinsyg”, “afraid of getting skin (a rebuff)”, harks back to an old link of jealousy with skin which may in turn have been connected with hose or socks. (2) The origin of the colours which are traditionally employed to depict jealousy, especially black, yellow and green, is obscure.

Deaf-Blindness and the Institutionalization of Special Education in Nineteenth-Century Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Vierestraete ◽  
Ylva Söderfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Blind Person ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Blind Persons

Careful analysis of underexplored and neglected case studies demonstrates how an initial interest in the behavior and constitution of early-nineteenth-century deaf-blind persons gradually made possible a professional and impersonal approach. The deaf-blind person in the early nineteenth century had been a creature of mostly unrefined, but therefore authentic, sensory experience, whose reduction to the supposedly simpler senses of smell, touch, and taste made the basic nature of humankind appear more clearly. In contrast, the educated deaf-blind person later in the century was a vessel for the display of pedagogic expertise. The institutionalization of special education for deaf-blind persons in western Europe thus can be characterized by a shift from listening to the “sound” of deaf-blind persons to a mere repetition of the discursive “noise” of professionals.

When History Caught Up with Historians

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Jeff Loveland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
History Of

Thanks in part to the influence of Friedrich Brockhaus’s Konversations-Lexikon, a German encyclopedia inaugurated in 1796, biographies of the living had become unremarkable in Europe’s encyclopedias by the early nineteenth century. Today, they are pervasive. Between 1674 and 1750, they remained rare and controversial in the alphabetical ancestors of the modern encyclopedia. In this article, I explain why, and show how encyclopedists’ practices evolved in the period in which the historical dictionary and other alphabetical proto-encyclopedias burst onto the European literary scene, that is, the late seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. I begin by exploring early encyclopedists’ motives for not treating the living. My second section then examines the most influential historical dictionaries as well as the encyclopedia that best covered the living, tracking how practices regarding contemporary biographies evolved. Finally, I consider some of the broader social and cultural changes, both internal and external to the history of encyclopedia-making, that are reflected in encyclopedias’ growing coverage of the living and the recently deceased.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Gerard Lee McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Late Eighteenth

This introduction clarifies the book’s contribution to the study of Scottish Romanticism, Enlightenment and improvement. Improvement, it argues, was sufficiently important as a modality, trope and environmental condition to be viewed plausibly as a defining feature of literary production in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Scotland. The introduction includes a working genealogy of improvement and a survey of the motley field of scholarship on the topic. A section on the national implications of improvement in the Scottish context is next, followed by more detail on the book’s dialectical approach. There is then an analysis of the category of Scottish Romanticism as it has been treated elsewhere and as it is modified by the book’s own case studies, summaries of which form the final section.

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