scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF SLUDGE UTILIZATION IN BULGARIAN FARMS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel SAROV ◽  
Daniela TSVYATKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Depth Interviews

The issue of sludge governance received from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is extremely relevant and indisputably one of those discussed not only in Bulgaria, but also around the world. The positive role of sludge on the balance of humus as a result of activating the activity of soil microorganisms has also been proven. The aim of this article is to analyze the socio-economic and behavioral aspects of sludge utilization on farms. Extensive in-depth interviews have been conducted and summarized with farmers using and not using sludge in the Sofia region, aiming to gather complete information of production, economic, behavioral, organizational and other nature from farmers using and not using sludge. The main (economic, technological, behavioral, etc.) factors that influence the decisions on the use and non-use of sludge in agricultural production are identified. The results show that the effect of sludge utilization on crop yield is not instantaneous. It is established that there is a lag in revealing the benefits of this activity. Interviews conducted with farmers using sludge in their agricultural activities show twice the yields compared to conventional production. However, the application of sludge is accompanied by a number of challenges: public opinion, properties of sludge, as well as many issues related to the technological introduction of sludge in arable agricultural land.

scholarly journals Contract farming in Brazil – an approach to Law and Economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassia Watanabe ◽  
Nunziata Stefania Paiva ◽  
Ana Elisa Bressan Smith Lourenzani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract Contract farming is based on agreements settled prior to the farmer deciding about agricultural production, and influence their judgment regarding inputs and production systems. Therefore, they provide means of production coordination and safety for both farmer and agro-industry/distributor. However, contract farming has its gaps since it is written in abscence of complete information, due to the behavioral assumption of bounded rationality of economic agents. A specific law might generate legal certainty for economic agents, insofar as the Judiciary fulfills the contractual gaps. From the other side, private agents may also fulfill the contractual gaps. As an effort to understand the role of institutions in contract farming, this study aims to analyze the Bill 6,459/2013, which intends to rule contract farming and takes private instituctions into account, through the agency of the Monitoring, Development and Reconciliation of Integration Committee (Cadec). This is an applied research with qualitative approach. The research concludes that the approval of bill might lead to effective typical law for contract farming, provided that the creation of Cadec is encouraged.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN WANITA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Iin Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study was designed to describe the economic situation of rural households that focus on agricultural land and the role of women in Pangkal Village, Sawoo District. This study uses qualitative data analysis activities carried out in the field and even in conjunction with the process of data conversion in in-depth interviews, data reduction. Conclusions are drawn if the data collected is considered sufficient and considered complete. The number of samples taken from land bag farmers consisted of women who directly worked on the land bags themselves. The results of this study illustrate the economy in Pangkal Village, Sawoo District, with the contribution of land use in Tasen which greatly helps improve the economy of the community, involving the participating government, by providing seed subsidies, fertilizer and rental freedom from the Department of Forestry, so that the community can benefit. In this case the role of women is a double workload. They are able to hoe, irrigate plants, weed grass, provide fertilizer, care for plants, harvest crops and sell them. For them "work as a choice" for the fulfillment of family life needs.

scholarly journals Geographical view on agricultural land and structural changes plant production Montenegro

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
G. Rajović ◽  
J. Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Volume

This paper analyzes agricultural land and structural changes in plant production Montenegro. The Montenegro represents a significant potential for agricultural development, but plant production insufficiently developed in relation to natural resources and the demands of intensive agricultural production. Average possession by agricultural holdings in 1960 amounts is 5.34 ha with only 2.05 ha arable area per agricultural holdings. Yet more unfavorable is the situation with arable surfaces. Namely, agricultural holdings in the Montenegro in 1960 are on average dispose with maximum of 0.74 ha of arable land. Judging by the size of the cultivated area, production volume, as well as according other parameters, plant production in the Montenegro in 2007, mainly used for meeting need households. A smaller area for is market. The role of the Montenegrin village and agriculture must be first-rate, as are its potentials, the main power future development of Montenegro. This requires radically new relationship between society and science to agriculture and the countryside. Instead of the existing approach in which they observed the preventive as producers of cheap food has to be developed a new concept, a comprehensive agricultural and rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural potential of Montenegro. 

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT GROWTH IN THE NMS UPON EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Ludwik Wicki
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Baltic

It is very important to increase input productivity in agriculture. This not only enables feeding the growing population, but also reducing agricultural pressure on the environment. The aim of the study is to determine the importance of TFP in comparison to the significance of production inputs in the growth of agricultural output in new EU member states. The analysis covered 2000-2016. Data available from the USDA on agriculture of the studied countries was used. The method of Solow residuals was used in the study. It was found that, in the studied countries, agricultural output decreased after political transformation and, since 2004, a further decrease of agricultural production was observed in five out of nine countries. Only in the three Baltic states and Poland was there an increase in production. In all countries, except Poland, a decrease in production intensity was observed. The area of agricultural land in all countries except the Baltic states decreased similarly. In the analyzed period, the highest increase in factor productivity was achieved in Lithuania (72%), Estonia (57%) and Latvia (51%), while the lowest in Hungary (7%) and Poland (21%). In each of the analyzed countries, the increase in TFP resulted in either an increase in agricultural output or the decrease in agricultural output was smaller than the decrease in the amount of inputs used. Technological change plays a dominant role in achieving an increase in agricultural production and an increase in the productivity of other inputs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Legal Methods of Agricultural Land Protection in Central Europe On the Example of Poland and Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Pawlikowska ◽  
Paulina Popek ◽  
Agnieszka Bieda ◽  
Ana Stoeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
New Eu Member States

Abstract For the management of agricultural real properties to be effective, it is required that information about the natural conditions and the existing infrastructure supporting agricultural production, as well as knowledge of the regional traditions, be provided. The management itself should also be based on sound legislation. Due to the fact that agricultural real properties are subject to special legal protection, this article aimed to analyze and assess the methods of managing agricultural real property in the new EU member states on the example of Poland and Bulgaria. This objective was implemented by presenting the structure of agricultural land and the state of agriculture, describing the agrarian reforms, determining the current role of spatial planning and the binding regulations in the management of agricultural land resources, as well as a description of the current surveying procedures. Basing on the outlined comparative characteristics, SWOT/TOWS analysis was performed. The result of this comparative study is the highlighting of the problems and recommendations for the management of agricultural properties in Poland and Bulgaria.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC PRESSURES AS A FUNCTION OF FARM SIZE

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ziętara ◽  
Zofia Mirkowska
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
On Farm

The paper presents an assessment of the degree of implementation of environmental and climate protection functions by Polish farms and agricultural enterprises of different size and production scale. There are differences in views on this topic in the literature, with opinions dominating on the more positive role of small farms in climate and biodiversity protection. Farm analysis was made on the basis of Statistics Poland data on farm size classes established by agricultural land area in 2016. The results of the study did not confirm the view that the production systems implemented in small farms are more environmentally friendly and have a more positive impact on the climate than those on farms of a larger production scale. This is evidenced by the sowing structure: cereal dominated in small farms, exceeding the agronomically recommended 66%, while the share of structure-forming plants – legumes, industrial oilseed and catch crops – was low. Also, the implemented organisation of animal production (not carried out at all in more than half of the small farms) consequently leads to soil degradation due to a jeopardised balance of organic matter.

Religious Leaders and Family Planning in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshmat Sadat Moinifar
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractAfter the Islamic Revolution of 1979, family planning programmes were dismantled in Iran; however, in 1989, the government reversed its policies and since then has had one of the most successful programmes in the region. This was conditioned, along with the socio-economic factors, first of all by the positive role of the Islamic jurists in this process. Religious leaders' position on family planning and the circumstances, under which it can be practiced, has had a direct effect on how Iran has achieved the family planning targets. In this article, an attempt is made to explore religious leaders' views toward family planning after 1989. The verdicts or the Fatwas of the Mujtahids in the context of family planning and issues related to it are discussed. After providing a brief review of different approaches on family planning in the Islamic tradition, the author elaborates the material through in-depth interviews with several prominent religious leaders including Mousavi Zanjani, Mousavi Ardabili, Ahmadi Miyanaji, Shobeiri Zanjani, and Ayatollah Sobhani to enrich the argument.

scholarly journals The Local Economy and Rural Development in Berambai Hamlet, East Kalimantan

Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-516
Author(s):  
Arman Arman ◽  
Asep Saefuddin
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

The role of the local economy gets eroded due to the inclusion of capitalization in rural areas. This research examines the coal mining industry's influence on the local economy's existence in Berambai Hamlet, Bukit Pariaman Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods; meanwhile, data collection methods use field observation and in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted in stages through a snowball sampling to strengthen the observations' results. The results show that the local economy and livelihood in Berambai Hamlet are under pressure and eroded due to coal mining activities. Livelihood products shrank drastically, especially fish and rice, due to mining waste polluting rivers and agricultural land conversion to mining areas. Furthermore, other sources of income from farmworkers are not enough to fulfill the needs. The government needs to protect their livelihoods as a driving force for the local economy by integrating nature-based life. The government needs to develop local economic potentials, such as tourism areas, crafts, and artworks. The government also needs to strengthen village institutions. It must be carried out together with mining companies seriously. Furthermore, the government needs to maintain the unity of rural spatial and spatial planning.

scholarly journals Optimization of the sown areas structure as a tool for the development of medicinal crop production on the basis of sustainability and regenerative agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Tetiana Mirzoieva ◽  
Violeta Heraimovych ◽  
Yuliia Loshakova ◽  
Marian Tripak ◽  
Iryna Humeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
Regenerative Agriculture

On the compliance with current requirements for the search for new alternative intensive models of agricultural production, the article has analyzed the structure of sown areas of farms in the Ukrainian Veld zone with an area of agricultural land up to 50 hectares; factors that indicate the need to optimize the structure of crops to meet the requirements of sustainable development and regenerative agriculture has been identified; the role of crop rotations in the system of modern agriculture has been revealed; the assumption that the tool of optimization of sown areas can be inclusion of medicinal plants in them has been put forward and substantiated; an optimization model has been built, with the help of which, based on production resources (land, labor, material, etc.), the optimal structure of sown areas of farms in the Ukrainian Steppe zone with an area of agricultural land up to 50 hectares has been determined; on the basis of the optimization economic-mathematical model with the help of the simplex method the increase of profitability of agricultural production has been calculated; the optimal structure of sown areas of the studied farms of the Ukrainian Veld zone with the introduction of medicinal plants has been developed.

scholarly journals THỰC TRẠNG SỬ DỤNG ĐẤT VÀ SINH KẾ CỦA NGƯỜI DÂN SAU KHI TÁI ĐỊNH CƯ ĐỂ XÂY DỰNG THỦY ĐIỆN BÌNH ĐIỀN TẠI THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1981-1992
Author(s):  
Phạm Hữu Tỵ ◽  
Phạm Minh Hiếu ◽  
Trần Trọng Tấn
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vocational Transition ◽  
Transition Training ◽  
Survey Interviews ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Data Processing Methods

Đề tài nghiên cứu nhằm làm rõ được thực trạng sử dụng đất và sinh kế của người dân tái định cư để có cơ sở đề xuất giải pháp bố trí đất đai hợp lý cho việc phát triển sinh kế của người dân tái định cư thủy điện Bình Điền. Các phương pháp nghiên cứu đã sử dụng bao gồm: điều tra thu thập số liệu thứ cấp, sơ cấp; phỏng vấn chuyên gia và người am hiểu thông tin; phỏng vấn hộ gia đình; phỏng vấn sâu và phương pháp xử lý số liệu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thầy việc di dân, tái định cư trong xây dựng thủy điện vừa đem lại những tác động tích cực như người dân tiếp cận cơ sở hạ tầng tốt và dịch vụ tốt hơn, nhưng khó khăn lớn nhất của đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số bị di dời là khôi phục và phát triển sản xuất thời kỳ hậu tái định cư khi mà đất đai mà người dân có thể tiếp cận rất ít hơn rất nhiều so với nơi ở cũ, đặc biệt là đất sản xuất nông nghiệp. Theo ý kiến của người dân tái định cư, ckhông phù hợp với các loại cây trồng truyền thống như sắn địa phương, lúa nương, ngô địa phương, và cây ăn quả có múi. Bài học kinh nghiệm là cần phải tính toán giao quỹ đất sản xuất trước khi di dời nếu không sau khi tái định cư hầu hết các hộ gia đình không được giao thêm đất sản xuất do quỹ đất này hiện nay đã giao ổn định cho cá nhân, tổ chức khác. Cần có chương trình đào tạo nghề và chuyển đổi nghề nghiệp cho thanh niên để thích ứng với điều kiện sống khi về nơi ở mới tại khu tái định cư tập trung. ABSTRACT The research project aims to clarify the current land use and livelihoods of resettled people for proposing reasonable land allocation solutions to the livelihood development of resettled people for the construction of Binh Dien hydropower. The research methods used the secondary and primary data collection survey; interviews of experts and key information people; household interviews; In-depth interviews and data processing methods. Research results showed that the displacement and resettlement in hydroelectricity construction have brought about positive impacts such as people have better access to infrastructure and better services, but the biggest difficulty of the displaced ethnic minorities is to restore and develop agricultural production in the post-resettlement period when the land that people can access is much less than the old place, especially agricultural land. The soil quality is not compatible with traditional crops such as local cassava, upland rice, local maize, and citrus. Lesson learned is that it is necessary to calculate the allocation of productive land fund before relocating otherwise after relocation most of the households are not allocated an additional productive land because this land fund is now being allocated stably to other individuals and companies. It is necessary for young people to have vocational transition training programs to adapt to living conditions at the new places in concentrated resettlement areas.  

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