scholarly journals CROPS WATER CONSUMPTION AND VERTICAL SOIL MOISTURE EXCHANGE

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A. MAZHAYSKIY ◽  
Artem A. PAVLOV ◽  
Otilija MISECKAITE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Moisture Exchange ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Heat And Moisture

A various number of factors, which, in turn, also vary greatly, determines the process of water consumption. These are meteorological indicators, yield, crop properties and soil conditions. The values of the water consumption of irrigated crops (in the operational regime of irrigation in the calculation of the water balance) are recommended to be determined counting on: the indicators of heat supply of the territories, that is, the radiation balance; air humidity deficit and bioclimatic factors of water consumption, taking into account the type and phase of plants development, the physical condition and the soil moistening. The empirical method for determining the vertical moisture exchange takes into account the biological characteristics of crops, the conditions for the heat and moisture availability of the calculation periods, the power and humidity of the soil layer under study, the water-physical properties of the ground, and the depth of the groundwater. It gives reliable results and can be used in calculations of the water regime in designing and exploitation of the reclamation systems. The groundwater affects the formation of the soil water regime in the aeration zone. At shallow occurrence, they increase the humidity in the root layer, which makes it possible to reduce the irrigation rates and the number of irrigation events. This article considers the problem of reducing errors and improving existing methods of calculating water consumption by crops and vertical soil moisture exchange. The methods of (Shebeko et al., 1980), Rogotskiy (1981) and Pylenok (1985) were taken as the basis of the research. According to them and empirical formulas developed by Mazaiski (2002), the calculations of vertical moisture exchange were made. The empirical method for determining the vertical moisture exchange takes into account the biological characteristics of crops, the conditions for the heat and moisture availability of the calculation periods, the power and humidity of the soil layer under study, the water-physical properties of the ground, and the depth of the groundwater. It gives reliable results and can be used in calculations of the water regime in designing and exploitation the reclamation systems.

scholarly journals The soil water balance and the development of spring soft wheat under various cultivation technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
M. M. Silanteva ◽  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
L. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height.

ASSESSMENT OF CALCULATION ACCURACY OF BUCKWHEAT WATER CONSUMPTION BY BIOCLIMATIC METHODS

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
I. P. Kruzhilin ◽  
Yu. I. Kolotova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Daily Average

The accuracy of determining the total water consumption in buckwheat crop sowing was estimated using bioclimatic methods taking into account the sum of daily average temperatures and air humidity deficit (control - water balance method). Field experiments were carried out in 2010 - 2014 on the irrigated plot of DalGAU in the village of Gribsky, Blagoveshchensk district, Amur region. The water regime of the active layer (0.4 m) was maintained by irrigation of at least 70% HB. The fertilizers dose (N40P80K20) is determined to obtain a yield of 1.5 t / ha of grain. The Amurskaya mestnaya variety buckwheat was sown with 0.15 m row-spacings under winter ploughing with a focus on the maximum use of monsoon rains in the first two years of June 15 and 14, and the third and fourth on June 19. Comparison of soil moisture consumption by the sum of daily average temperatures and air humidity deficit during the growing and interphase periods was in favor of the temperature method. Deviations of water consumption, determined by the temperature indicator, did not exceed 10% of the control, while by the sum of air humidity deficits in the interphase periods they exceeded 20%, and in some years even 50%. It has been established that in the conditions of the southern agricultural zone of the Amur Region, the bioclimatic method based on the correlation of soil moisture consumption with the sum of average daily air temperatures gives closer to the control measurement of this indicator by the method of water balance. The temperature bioclimatic coefficient of evaporation is less variable over the years than the coefficient of correlation of soil moisture consumption with the sum of air humidity deficits. The use of short- and medium-term weather forecasts to determine the water consumption flow by cultivated plants makes it possible to plan irrigation dates and program the management of soil water regime.

scholarly journals Mulching measures improve soil moisture in rain-fed jujube orchard in the loess hilly region of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Hongchen Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Hilly Region

Abstract BackgroundWater shortage is the main bottleneck restricting the healthy and sustainable development of rain-fed jujube orchards in the loess hilly region of China. Given the functions of mulching on soil moisture conservation, evaporation reduction, and water use efficiency improvement, maize straw mulching (SM) and pruned jujube branch mulching (BM) were applied to rain-fed jujube orchards in this study. Soil moisture dynamics, soil water storage, water consumption, and soil moisture attenuation after typical rainfall under SM, BM, and clean tillage (CT) were systematically studied. Results(1) The 0-60 cm soil layer was the seasonal fluctuation layer of soil moisture under SM, BM, and CT in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year. The 0-60, 60-160, and 160-280 cm soil layers under CT all obtained the lowest soil moisture content in the three experimental years. The soil moisture content of each soil layer under SM and BM was higher than that under CT, and SM showed the most obvious effect of increasing soil moisture. (2) SM and BM showed significant soil water storage effect in all the jujube growth stages in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year, and SM had a better water storage effect than BM. (3) SM and BM reduced the water consumption amount in each jujube growth stage. SM reduced water consumption amount by 94.3, 60.8, and 121.3 mm compared with CT in the whole growth period of jujube in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The water consumption amount of BM decreased by 34.8 mm and 31.0 mm respectively compared with that of CT in the whole growth period in 2014 and 2015. (4) CT had the maximum soil moisture loss rate under continuous drought after rainfall. The soil moisture loss rate of CT was above 37.3% on the eleventh day after the typical rainfall in 2014, 2015, and 2016. With the extension of drought, the soil moisture loss rate under SM increased slowly, while it increased rapidly under CT. ConclusionThis study suggests that straw mulching is the best mulching measure for rain-fed jujube orchards, and the pruned jujube branches can also be used for in-situ mulching, which can also obtain a certain moisture conservation effect.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Some Preliminary Notes on the Physical Properties of the Soils of the Ganges Valley, more especially in their relation to Soil Moisture

1906 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Leake
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ganges

In a stretch of arable lands like those of the Ganges Valley, although damage may be caused by occasional floods, which are sudden and of short duration, the more general, and by far the most serious loss is due to deficiency of moisture of the soil: thus the relation of the soil to soil moisture becomes of more than ordinary importance. Dr Voelcker, in his Report on Indian Agriculture, remarks: “In India the relation of soils to moisture acquires a greater significance than almost anywhere else.......” This relation is fundamental, for on it depends the methods for the conservation of soil moisture, for the economical application of irrigation water, and for the treatment of barren and salt lands—all problems of direct interest to agriculturists in the plains of Northern India. The methods for dealing with these problems must be largely—if not entirely—empirical until such time as the behaviour of the soil in its relation to moisture is investigated. The problem in all its various branches is enormous, and in a country in which the seasons follow each other with such rapidity, and vary the one from the other in so marked a manner, it frequently happens that a particular point, if not determined within a period of a few days, must await solution until the following year.

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