scholarly journals Mulching measures improve soil moisture in rain-fed jujube orchard in the loess hilly region of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Hongchen Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Hilly Region

Abstract BackgroundWater shortage is the main bottleneck restricting the healthy and sustainable development of rain-fed jujube orchards in the loess hilly region of China. Given the functions of mulching on soil moisture conservation, evaporation reduction, and water use efficiency improvement, maize straw mulching (SM) and pruned jujube branch mulching (BM) were applied to rain-fed jujube orchards in this study. Soil moisture dynamics, soil water storage, water consumption, and soil moisture attenuation after typical rainfall under SM, BM, and clean tillage (CT) were systematically studied. Results(1) The 0-60 cm soil layer was the seasonal fluctuation layer of soil moisture under SM, BM, and CT in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year. The 0-60, 60-160, and 160-280 cm soil layers under CT all obtained the lowest soil moisture content in the three experimental years. The soil moisture content of each soil layer under SM and BM was higher than that under CT, and SM showed the most obvious effect of increasing soil moisture. (2) SM and BM showed significant soil water storage effect in all the jujube growth stages in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year, and SM had a better water storage effect than BM. (3) SM and BM reduced the water consumption amount in each jujube growth stage. SM reduced water consumption amount by 94.3, 60.8, and 121.3 mm compared with CT in the whole growth period of jujube in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The water consumption amount of BM decreased by 34.8 mm and 31.0 mm respectively compared with that of CT in the whole growth period in 2014 and 2015. (4) CT had the maximum soil moisture loss rate under continuous drought after rainfall. The soil moisture loss rate of CT was above 37.3% on the eleventh day after the typical rainfall in 2014, 2015, and 2016. With the extension of drought, the soil moisture loss rate under SM increased slowly, while it increased rapidly under CT. ConclusionThis study suggests that straw mulching is the best mulching measure for rain-fed jujube orchards, and the pruned jujube branches can also be used for in-situ mulching, which can also obtain a certain moisture conservation effect.

scholarly journals Mulching Measures Improve Soil Moisture in Rain-Fed Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Orchards in the Loess Hilly Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Hongchen Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

Water shortage is the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of rain-fed jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) orchards in the loess hilly region of China. Given the effect of mulching on soil moisture conservation, straw mulching (SM) and jujube branch mulching (BM) were applied to a rain-fed jujube orchard in this study. Soil moisture dynamics, soil water storage, water consumption, and soil moisture attenuation after typical rainfall under SM, BM, and clean tillage (CT) were studied. The results showed the following: (1) The 0–60 cm soil layer was the seasonal fluctuation layer of soil moisture under SM, BM, and CT in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year studied. The moisture contents of the 0–60, 60–160, and 160–280 cm soil layers under SM and BM were higher than that under CT in the three experimental years studied, and SM showed the most obvious effect of increasing soil moisture. (2) SM and BM showed a significant soil water storage effect in all of the jujube growth stages, and SM had a better water storage effect than BM. (3) SM reduced the amount of water consumption by 94.3, 60.8, and 121.3 mm compared to CT in the whole jujube growth period in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The amount of water consumption of BM decreased by 34.8 and 31.0 mm compared to that of CT in the whole growth period in 2014 and 2015, respectively. (4) CT had the maximum soil moisture loss rate under continuous drought after rainfall. The soil moisture loss rate of CT was above 37.3% on the eleventh day after typical rainfall in 2014, 2015, and 2016. With the extension of drought, the soil moisture loss rate under SM increased slowly. This study suggests that SM is the best mulching measure for rain-fed jujube orchards, and pruned jujube branches can also be used for in situ mulching to obtain a certain moisture conservation effect.

The Falling Rate Phase of Evaporative Soil-Moisture Loss—A Critical Evaluation

1959 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents an abbreviated review of the literature concerning the relationship of evaporative moisture-loss rate to soil-moisture content. Results from a variety of sources appear to fall into four major types of curve expressing this relationship. The author compares these types and concludes that three of them are mutually supporting and represent special cases of the same process. The fourth type is considered contradictory. It is concluded further that the search for a neat, concise, general statement of the relationship under consideration is probably futile.

scholarly journals Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Pute Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Sloping Land ◽  
Loess Hilly Region

Revealing the characteristics of soil moisture and temperature under typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region is of great significance for the efficient and sustainable use of sloping land resources. In this study, the soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer under soybean sloping field, maize terraced field, jujube orchard, and grassland were continuously observed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons (May to October). Traditional statistical analysis and wavelet fractal dimension method were used to study the characteristics and complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under different sloping land uses. The main findings are as follows: (1) Maize terraced field obtained high soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer, showing the outstanding effect of soil moisture conservation, especially in the drought growing season. Maize terraced field minimized the changing amplitude (Ka), variation degree (Cv), and active layer of soil moisture in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the Ka and Cv of soil temperature in the 0−100 cm soil layer. The maize terraced field had the minimum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons, indicating that the maize terraced field minimized the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (2) The jujube orchard obtained the minimum soil moisture content in the 0−160 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the Ka, Cv, and active layer of soil moisture both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons. The jujube orchard obtained the maximum soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the Ka and Cv of soil temperature. The jujube orchard also had the maximum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature, indicating that soil moisture and temperature changes in jujube orchard were the most complex. (3) Compared to jujube orchard, soybean sloping field and grassland increased soil moisture content, reduced the Ka and Cv of soil moisture and temperature, and weakened the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (4) The analysis results of the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the experimental sloping land uses based on the wavelet fractal dimension method were consistent with the traditional statistical analysis results, indicating that it is feasible to evaluate the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region by using wavelet fractal dimension method. In summary, terraced fields were conducive to improving soil moisture content and maintaining the stability of soil moisture and temperature. It is recommended that the project of changing sloping fields into terraced fields should be popularized in the loess hilly region to effectively utilize limited natural precipitation. In order to prevent the jujube orchard from degenerating and dying due to long-term drought and water shortage, effective water management measures need to be taken to achieve the sustainable development of dry farming jujube orchard.

scholarly journals Regression Models for Soil Water Storage Estimation Using the ESA CCI Satellite Soil Moisture Product: A Case Study in Northeast Portugal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tomás de Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Caroline Royer ◽  
Felícia Fonseca ◽  
Fabiana Costa de Araújo Schütz ◽  
Zulimar Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
The Relationship

The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (ESA CCI SM) product provides soil moisture estimates from radar satellite data with a daily temporal resolution. Despite validation exercises with ground data that have been performed since the product’s launch, SM has not yet been consistently related to soil water storage, which is a key step for its application for prediction purposes. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between soil water storage (S), which was obtained from soil water balance computations with ground meteorological data, and soil moisture, which was obtained from radar data, as affected by soil water storage capacity (Smax). As a case study, a 14-year monthly series of soil water storage, produced via soil water balance computations using ground meteorological data from northeast Portugal and Smax from 25 mm to 150 mm, were matched with the corresponding monthly averaged SM product. Linear (I) and logistic (II) regression models relating S with SM were compared. Model performance (r2 in the 0.8–0.9 range) varied non-monotonically with Smax, with it being the highest at an Smax of 50 mm. The logistic model (II) performed better than the linear model (I) in the lower range of Smax. Improvements in model performance obtained with segregation of the data series in two subsets, representing soil water recharge and depletion phases throughout the year, outlined the hysteresis in the relationship between S and SM.

Aboveground Biomass of Reaumuria soongorica Shrub Effect on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Spatial Distribution in Arid and Semi-Arid Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3803-3806
Author(s):  
Bing Ru Liu ◽  
Jun Long Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Important Species

In order to revel aboveground biomass of R. soongorica shrub effect on soil moisture and nutrients spatial distribution, and explore mechanism of the changes of soil moisture and nutrients, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at three soil layers (0-10cm,10-20cm, and 20-40cm) along five plant biomass gradients of R. soongorica were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture content increased with depth under the same plant biomass, and increased with plant biomass. Soil nutrient properties were evidently influenced with plant biomass, while decreased with depth. SOC and TN were highest in the top soil layer (0-10 cm), but TN of 10-20cm layer has no significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil nutrient contents were accumulated very slowly. These suggests that the requirement to soil organic matter is not so high and could be adapted well to the desert and barren soil, and the desert plant R. soongorica could be acted as an important species to restore vegetation and ameliorate the eco-environment.

scholarly journals Subsoiling and Sowing Time Influence Soil Water Content, Nitrogen Translocation and Yield of Dryland Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Ai-xia Ren ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Sumera Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
N Accumulation

Dryland winter wheat in the Loess Plateau is facing a yield reduction due to a shortage of soil moisture and delayed sowing time. The field experiment was conducted at Loess Plateau in Shanxi, China from 2012 to 2015, to study the effect of subsoiling and conventional tillage and different sowing dates on the soil water storage, Nitrogen (N) accumulation, and remobilization and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that subsoiling significantly improved the soil water storage (0–300 cm soil depth) and increased the contribution of N translocation to grain N and grain yield (17–36%). Delaying sowing time had reduced the soil water storage at sowing and winter accumulated growing degree days by about 180 °C. The contribution of N translocation to grain yield was maximum in glume + spike followed by in leaves and minimum by stem + sheath. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the N accumulation and translocation and the soil moisture in the 20–300 cm range. Subsoiling during the fallow period and the medium sowing date was beneficial for improving the soil water storage and increased the N translocation to grain, thereby increasing the yield of wheat, especially in a dry year.

The Effect of Human Activity on the Distribution of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen in Unsaturated Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Hui Yan Gao ◽  
Lu Hua Yang ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Zi Peng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Nitrate

Soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen were measured respectively in planting area and non-planting area in RANZHUANG experiment station from 2011 to 2012. The effect of human activity on soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen was analyzed. The results show that soil moisture content varies from 8.61% to 30.09% within 0~250cm depth and is tended to be stable below 250cm deep layer in non-planting area. The distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen is a single peak curve, the peak moves downward at a speed of 0.81cm/d in percolation of rainfall. Soil moisture varies form 21.23% to 41.67% within 0~400cm depth and is tended to be stable below 400cm deep layer in planting area. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly accumulated at 0~100cm deep soil layer in the wheat growth period. In the maize growth period, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen is double peak curve in 0~500cm soil profile. The upper peak occurs at 40~100cm soil layer, the peak of nitrate nitrogen content is between 26.7~54.6mg/kg; the lower emerges at 150~260cm soil profile, the value is between 36.7~106.36mg/kg. Deep percolation of the nitrate nitrogen is obvious due to unreasonable irrigation and fertilization. The nitrate nitrogen content accounts for 52.3% of the total nitrate nitrogen below the root zone soil, which is a potential contamination source of groundwater.

Soil Moisture and Soil Water Storage Using Hydrological Modeling and Remote Sensing

2014 ◽  
pp. 307-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Corrêa Rotunno Filho ◽  
Afonso Augusto Magalhães de Araujo ◽  
Luciano Nóbrega Rodrigues Xavier ◽  
Daniel Medeiros Moreira ◽  
Rafael Carneiro Di Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage

Elucidating soil moisture dynamics in agricultural landscapes under varying weather patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Fritz ◽  
Thakshajini Thaasan ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Ranjith Udawatta ◽  
Sidath Mendis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

&lt;p&gt;Changing weather patterns and anthropogenic land use change significantly alter the terrestrial water cycle. A key variable that modulates the water cycle on the land surface is soil moisture and its variability in time and space. Hydrological models are used to simulate key components of the water cycle including infiltration, soil storage and uptake by plants. However, uncertainties remain in accurately representing soil moisture dynamics in models. Here, with the aid of several sensors installed at a 30-ha experimental research facility, we attempt to quantify differences in soil water storage across multiple land use types &amp;#8211; cropped area, mosaic of turf grass and native plants, and an unkept weeded area as control land use. We will also discuss the accuracy of sensors to correctly measure soil water storage. Our study was conducted at an agricultural experimental station in Columbia, Missouri, USA. We use a variety of instruments to measure weather, evapotranspiration, and soil water. We used boundary layer scintillometers to measure near-surface turbulence, sensors to continuously track soil moisture and temperature, as well as weather stations for precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. &amp;#160;Changes in volumetric water content and soil temperature are measured at 5-minute intervals at 10-, 20-, and 40-cm soil depths to compare soil water storage among the three land use types. We also took soil samples before and after several storm events to calibrate the sensor readings at three sites. We, then, analyzed several storm events over a period of five months and compared the actual soil moisture and soil temperature dynamics at finer time intervals. With additional measurements of weather and boundary layer turbulence, we hope to reveal the landscape and weather control on soil moisture distribution across multiple land uses, and their subsequent impact on plant water uptake. Our preliminary results indicate that continuously disturbed agricultural lands depletes soil moisture at faster rates, which may present challenges in maintaining land productivity in the long term.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Soil Water Condition of a Typical Agroforestry System under the Policy of Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Su
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Government

The number of mixed cropland—apple orchard system has gradually increased in the Changwu Tableland region of the Loess Plateau, China. However, the soil water content (SWC) is not sufficient to maintain the sustainable development of apple trees in this agroforestry system. It is unclear whether the growing fruit trees would compete with crops for soil water. To systematically analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of soil moisture and to understand the effect of orchard hydrology in that cropland, the SWC was measured at different depths at different locations on cropland and in an apple orchard. The results show that: (1) The SWC of each soil layer in the cropland (0–20, 20–60, 60–100, 100–200, 200–300 cm) is higher than that of the orchard. The soil moisture changes dramatically in the 0–200 cm soil layer. (2) As the soil moisture monitoring distance from the apple orchard increases, the SWC gradually increases, the loss of soil water storage gradually decreases, and the drying effect gradually disappears. This is related to the different distribution ranges of the roots of apple trees and crops. Therefore, the government should control the proportion of the orchard and cropland, and then adjust the planting period of the orchard in the appropriate range to keep the green use of water in the region.

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