ASSESSMENT OF CALCULATION ACCURACY OF BUCKWHEAT WATER CONSUMPTION BY BIOCLIMATIC METHODS

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
I. P. Kruzhilin ◽  
Yu. I. Kolotova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Daily Average

The accuracy of determining the total water consumption in buckwheat crop sowing was estimated using bioclimatic methods taking into account the sum of daily average temperatures and air humidity deficit (control - water balance method). Field experiments were carried out in 2010 - 2014 on the irrigated plot of DalGAU in the village of Gribsky, Blagoveshchensk district, Amur region. The water regime of the active layer (0.4 m) was maintained by irrigation of at least 70% HB. The fertilizers dose (N40P80K20) is determined to obtain a yield of 1.5 t / ha of grain. The Amurskaya mestnaya variety buckwheat was sown with 0.15 m row-spacings under winter ploughing with a focus on the maximum use of monsoon rains in the first two years of June 15 and 14, and the third and fourth on June 19. Comparison of soil moisture consumption by the sum of daily average temperatures and air humidity deficit during the growing and interphase periods was in favor of the temperature method. Deviations of water consumption, determined by the temperature indicator, did not exceed 10% of the control, while by the sum of air humidity deficits in the interphase periods they exceeded 20%, and in some years even 50%. It has been established that in the conditions of the southern agricultural zone of the Amur Region, the bioclimatic method based on the correlation of soil moisture consumption with the sum of average daily air temperatures gives closer to the control measurement of this indicator by the method of water balance. The temperature bioclimatic coefficient of evaporation is less variable over the years than the coefficient of correlation of soil moisture consumption with the sum of air humidity deficits. The use of short- and medium-term weather forecasts to determine the water consumption flow by cultivated plants makes it possible to plan irrigation dates and program the management of soil water regime.

scholarly journals Total water consumption of cereals on the slopes of the Central District of Russia and zoned bioclimatic ratios

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
R. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
M. V. Klimakhina ◽  
E. V. Matsyganova ◽  
K. B. Shumakova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.

scholarly journals The feasibility of using soil runoff in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Ivan Levshunov ◽  
Yuri Mazhayskiy ◽  
Olga Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Term Field

The water regime on the reclaimed lands changes significantly during the year, and its possible change must be established or predicted in advance at the project stage. From the main characteristics of the water regime of soil, it is possible to reliably predict changes in moisture reserves and, worse, the dynamics of groundwater levels. Prediction of changes in moisture reserves in soil is carried out using “water balance calculations”. The results of long-term field research have shown that the main factors causing surface runoff are: the amount and intensity of precipitation, the initial moisture content of the upper soil layers, the slope and condition (agricultural use) of the site surface. The feasibility of using a variable runoff boundary in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil is shown. The results of field experiments on the study of surface runoff in conditions of loamy soil are presented. Two-factor dependences of the daily runoff from precipitation and soil moisture have been obtained in case of its various agricultural uses.

scholarly journals The soil water balance and the development of spring soft wheat under various cultivation technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
M. M. Silanteva ◽  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
L. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height.

Soil irrigation and mulching as an effective method of its water regime optimization in the sweet cherry (Cerasus avium Moench.) intense orchards

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
T.V. Maliuk ◽  
◽  
L.V. Kozlova ◽  
N.G. Pcholkina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Cherry Trees

The research is devoted to the study of the southern chornozem water regime formation peculiarities in the sweet cherry orchards (the cultivar Krupnoplidna) under the influence of irrigation and mulching with synthetic and natural materials. The field experiments were conducted in 2016-2020 on the lands in the M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Station of Horticulture of the Institute of Horticulture. The studies provide variants with the use of irrigation and natural moisture combined with different types of mulching materials: black and white agrofiber, straw, sawdust as well as the traditional system of the soil management under black fallow (control). The level of the pre-irrigation soil moisture on the variants with irrigation was 70 % of the least soil moisture in a layer of 0.6 m. Mulching of the sweet cherry trees rows with sawdust, straw and agrofiber under the natural conditions of moisture (without irrigation) did not avoid the lack of moisture in the soil. However, the natural materials (sawdust, straw) utilization caused a reduction in the duration of the periods of the acute lack of moisture and moisture retention of precipitations by 26 % relative to the fallow retention of the soil. But near the trunk strips mulching cannot be a complete alternative to the irrigation in the conditions of the South of Ukraine. Mulching the sweet cherry trees near the trunk strips combined with maintaining the pre-irrigation soil moisture level within 70 % of the least soil moisture had a significant impact on the drip irrigation regime indices of sweet cherry trees, being combined with irrigation enabled to reduce the number of irrigations and increase the inter-irrigation period, which contributed to water savings of almost 49 %. The greatest savings of the irrigation water was due to the natural materials use for mulching. That provided to savings of water resources, on the average, over three years of research over 36 %. Regarding the soil management influence system on the soil thermal regime, in particular, in the hottest period, it should be noted that mulching with sawdust brought about the lowest soil temperature indices. Thus, the maximum temperature under sawdust and straw was much as lower compared to the black fallow (6-20 0С on the soil surface, 0.5-4.0 °С – at a depth of 10 cm). The soil temperature under black agrofiber in some periods was even higher than under the black fallow by 0.5-3.3 °С.

scholarly journals Soil water balance simulated by CROPGRO-Drybean model for edaphoclimatic conditions in Maringá

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Paulo S. L. de Freitas ◽  
Rogério T. de Faria ◽  
Antonio C. A. Gonçalves ◽  
Aleksandra G. Jácome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
State University ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bean Crop

The performance of the CROPGRO-Drybeans model for the prediction of soil water balance, as well as growth components and bean crop yield, was assessed using data from two field experiments conducted at the State University of Maringá Irrigation Technical Center, Paraná - Brazil, (latitude 23º27'S, longitude 51º57' and altitude 542 m), during the 2005 and 2006 growing season. The model simulations correlated well with measured soil moisture (r > 0.7) for both experiments. However, there were high discrepancies between measured and simulated soil moisture values on the days after rainfall. In addition, it was found that the model exaggerates the effect of water stress during the flowering phase, which leds to underprediction (19 and 29%) of crop yield.

scholarly journals CROPS WATER CONSUMPTION AND VERTICAL SOIL MOISTURE EXCHANGE

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A. MAZHAYSKIY ◽  
Artem A. PAVLOV ◽  
Otilija MISECKAITE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Moisture Exchange ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Heat And Moisture

A various number of factors, which, in turn, also vary greatly, determines the process of water consumption. These are meteorological indicators, yield, crop properties and soil conditions. The values of the water consumption of irrigated crops (in the operational regime of irrigation in the calculation of the water balance) are recommended to be determined counting on: the indicators of heat supply of the territories, that is, the radiation balance; air humidity deficit and bioclimatic factors of water consumption, taking into account the type and phase of plants development, the physical condition and the soil moistening. The empirical method for determining the vertical moisture exchange takes into account the biological characteristics of crops, the conditions for the heat and moisture availability of the calculation periods, the power and humidity of the soil layer under study, the water-physical properties of the ground, and the depth of the groundwater. It gives reliable results and can be used in calculations of the water regime in designing and exploitation of the reclamation systems. The groundwater affects the formation of the soil water regime in the aeration zone. At shallow occurrence, they increase the humidity in the root layer, which makes it possible to reduce the irrigation rates and the number of irrigation events. This article considers the problem of reducing errors and improving existing methods of calculating water consumption by crops and vertical soil moisture exchange. The methods of (Shebeko et al., 1980), Rogotskiy (1981) and Pylenok (1985) were taken as the basis of the research. According to them and empirical formulas developed by Mazaiski (2002), the calculations of vertical moisture exchange were made. The empirical method for determining the vertical moisture exchange takes into account the biological characteristics of crops, the conditions for the heat and moisture availability of the calculation periods, the power and humidity of the soil layer under study, the water-physical properties of the ground, and the depth of the groundwater. It gives reliable results and can be used in calculations of the water regime in designing and exploitation the reclamation systems.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Estimating surface runoff and groundwater recharge in an urban catchment using a water balance approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2428
Author(s):  
Robin K. Weatherl ◽  
Maria J. Henao Salgado ◽  
Maximilian Ramgraber ◽  
Christian Moeck ◽  
Mario Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Balance Approach

AbstractLand-use changes often have significant impact on the water cycle, including changing groundwater/surface-water interactions, modifying groundwater recharge zones, and increasing risk of contamination. Surface runoff in particular is significantly impacted by land cover. As surface runoff can act as a carrier for contaminants found at the surface, it is important to characterize runoff dynamics in anthropogenic environments. In this study, the relationship between surface runoff and groundwater recharge in urban areas is explored using a top-down water balance approach. Two empirical models were used to estimate runoff: (1) an updated, advanced method based on curve number, followed by (2) bivariate hydrograph separation. Modifications were added to each method in an attempt to better capture continuous soil-moisture processes and explicitly account for runoff from impervious surfaces. Differences between the resulting runoff estimates shed light on the complexity of the rainfall–runoff relationship, and highlight the importance of understanding soil-moisture dynamics and their control on hydro(geo)logical responses. These results were then used as input in a water balance to calculate groundwater recharge. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of these groundwater balance estimates: (1) comparison to calculations of groundwater recharge using the calibrated conceptual HBV Light model, and (2) comparison to groundwater recharge estimates from physically similar catchments in Switzerland that are found in the literature. In all cases, recharge is estimated at approximately 40–45% of annual precipitation. These conditions were found to closely echo those results from Swiss catchments of similar characteristics.

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