Tibolone does not affect muscle power and functional ability in healthy postmenopausal women

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid B.A.E. MEEUWSEN ◽  
Monique M. SAMSON ◽  
Sijmen A. DUURSMA ◽  
Harald J.J. VERHAAR
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leg Extensor Power ◽  
Manual Test

Maintenance of neuromuscular function into old age is critical to maintain normal daily activity and functional independence. Maximal muscle strength declines with age, and the age-related loss in power might be even greater. An accelerated loss of muscle strength and power has been observed in women around the time of the menopause. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic activities, on muscle power, endurance and functional ability. A total of 85 healthy women, between 1 and 15 years postmenopausal, were recuited from local paper advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to 2.5mg of tibolone or to placebo pills of identical appearance; pills were taken daily for 12 months, orally in the morning. Muscle power was assessed as explosive leg extensor power. Endurance was measured on a 2min walk test and a 3.5m walk. Functional ability was determined with the timed Get Up and Go test and a Postural/Locomotor/Manual test. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the parameters. Possible explanations for this lack of effect are either the absence of an effect of tibolone on muscle power and functional ability, or that our participants were too far above their strength-related functional limits to derive benefit from intervention. Further research is required to resolve this issue.

scholarly journals Relevance of Whole-Body Vibration Exercises on Muscle Strength/Power and Bone of Elderly Individuals

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Bemben ◽  
Christina Stark ◽  
Redha Taiar ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related

Beneficial effects are associated with whole-body vibration exercises (WBVEs). Increases in muscular strength/power, flexibility, and gait speed; improvements in bone mineral density, balance, and the quality of life; and decreased pain and risk of falls are reported. The aim is to present a review about the importance of WBVE for elderly individuals, considering clinical studies and meta-analyses, on bone and muscle strength/power. There is evidence supporting beneficial effect of WBVE in postmenopausal women (PW); however, effects in PW with osteoporosis are unclear. Age-related decrease in muscle mass and function contribute to undesirable health conditions, including death risk. The WBVEs improve muscle strength/power, functional independence measure, balance, and various fall risk factors, and mobility, measured by Timed Up and Go test, increased significantly after WBVE. An explanation for the absence of positive effects in some outcomes could be related to discrepancies in WBVE protocols as well as the populations tested. It is concluded that WBVE is effective for counteracting the loss of muscle strength associated with sarcopenia in elderly individuals. Balance and leg and plantar flexor strength improvements due to WBV indicate benefit to reduce risk and incidence of falls, frailty, and fracture risks. However, long-term feasibility of WBVE for musculoskeletal and bone health in elderly individuals needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Benefits of Strength Training for Elderly Women // Dobrobiti treninga snage za žene treće životne dobi

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko DM Stojanović ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Dejan Madić ◽  
Sergej M Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Force Time

The aging process is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and increase in intramuscular fat, the latter also defined as muscle attenuation. Muscle weakness, termed sarcopenia and dynapenia, is a normal age-related phenomenon, occurring at a rate of 1% to 5% annually from the age of 30. This rate means that given typical patterns of physical activity, a 70-year-old woman could have 50% to 70% less strength than she had at age 30.  Contrary to long held beliefs, the muscles of elderly women (i.e. aged 65 years and older) continue to be adaptable, even into the extremes of old age, particularly if their muscles are significantly overloaded during training. Therefore, effective strengthening practices must be employed to maintain the highest level of function and achieve optimal aging in elderly women. Done regularly (2-3 times a week), strength training preserve bone density, independence and vitality with age. In addition, strength training also has the ability to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and the signs and symptoms of numerous chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and type 2 diabetes, while also improving sleep and reducing depression. Finally, though muscle strength has been recognized as an important predictor for reduced functional performance, emerging evidence suggests that muscle power (the product of force time velocity or the rate of performing work) is highly effective to elicit substantial improvements in maximal mechanical muscle function (rapid force generation, muscle power and muscle strength) and in functional performance in old and very old women.

scholarly journals Eccentric Overload Flywheel Training in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsi Kowalchuk ◽  
Scotty Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eccentric Overload

Age-related reductions in muscle strength and muscle power can have significant adverse effects on functional performance in older adults. Exercise training has been shown to be a potent stimulus for improvements in strength and power. However, investigation into how to best optimize training-related adaptations, as well as the accessibility of training methods, is needed. Traditional (TR) methods using gravity-dependent free-weights or weight machines can improve and maintain strength and power but are limited in their ability to provide constant muscle tension and high levels of muscle activation throughout the lowering (eccentric) phase of lifting. Eccentric overload (EO) training may overcome these limitations and has been shown to result in potent adaptations in both young and older adults. Methods of producing EO are significantly limited from a practical perspective. The addition of whole-body flywheel training equipment provides a practical method of producing EO and may be appropriate for older adults wanting to optimize training outcomes. Our review provides limited evidence of the use of eccentric overload flywheel training as a novel training method in seniors. Through the review of literature, EO training overcame some of the limitations set forth by traditional resistance training and demonstrated to have key benefits when combating age-related changes affecting muscle strength and muscle power. It can be concluded that EO training is an important addition to the training arsenal for older adults. Flywheel training provides a practical method of achieving EO, increasing strength and power, combating age-related adaptations, and overall improving quality of life in older adults.

Genetic and environmental effects on isometric muscle strength and leg extensor power followed up for three years among older female twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Tiainen ◽  
Sarianna Sipilä ◽  
Markku Kauppinen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Taina Rantanen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Leg Extensor Power ◽  
Isometric Muscle

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the contribution of genetic and environmental effects to isometric knee extensor strength and leg extensor power among 63- to 76-year-old female twins over a 3-yr follow-up. At baseline in 2000 the sample comprised 206 monozygotic (MZ) and 228 dizygotic (DZ) twin individuals, and at follow-up in 2003 the sample comprised 149 MZ and 164 DZ twin individuals. Genetic modeling showed that genetic effects explained 58% (95% CI: 46–68%) of the variance in muscle strength at baseline and 56% (95% CI: 41–68%) at follow-up, with no occasion-specific genetic effect. Nonshared environmental effects accounted for 42% (95% CI: 32–54%) of the variation at baseline and 15% (95% CI: 7–26%) at follow-up. In addition, new nonshared environmental effects explained the remaining variance, 29% (95% CI: 22–37%) of muscle strength at follow-up. For muscle power, the same genetic effects accounted for 67% (95% CI: 57–74%) of the variation at baseline and 48% (95% CI: 34–61%) at follow-up. Nonshared environmental effects in common at both measurement points explained 33% (95% CI: 25–43%) of the total variation at baseline and 11% (95% CI: 5–21%) at follow-up. The remaining variance of muscle power at follow-up was accounted for by time-specific environmental effects. Results indicated that the contribution of genetic effects to isometric muscle strength was stable, whereas for leg extensor power the proportion of genetic effects decreased during the follow-up. We observed new specific environmental effects underlying follow-up muscle strength and power, which effects could be due to the onset of new disease processes or changes in lifestyle.

scholarly journals THE CORELATION BETWEEN GRIP MUSCLES’ STRENTGH AND A LEVEL OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AMONG THE ELDERLY WOMEN IN TISTA KERAMBITAN, TABANAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Dewi Semariasih ◽  
Ni Luh Nopi Andayani ◽  
I Made Muliarta
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The aging process affects the skeletal muscle structure and disability of the musculoskeletal system which resulted in limited and slowed motion. One characteristic of the aging process is a decrease in muscle strength. Muscle strength affects almost all daily activity. Decreased muscle strength can lead to limitations in daily activities, independence and quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between handgrip muscles’ strength and level of functional ability among elderly women in Tista, Kerambitan Tabanan. To assess the strength of the relationship and assess the direction of the relationship between the variables. The research design was used cross sectional study with Simple Random Sampling and got 73 samples. The strength of handgrip muscles was measured using Hand-grip dynamometer, while the functional independence level was assessed by Intermediate Activity Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire interview. Result of research by using Spearman correlation test got value P = 0,000 (P <0,05) and Coefficient correlation value equal to 0,489 indicate that there is a significant correlation between handgrip muscles’ strength with functional ability independence level, this relation is positive and medium. In conculsion that handgrip muscles’s strength and level of  functional ability are positively correlated and medium. The stronger the muscle strength of the handgrip, the higher the level of functional ability independence and vice versa. Therefore, handgrip muscle’s strength can be used in identifying disabilities in the elderly. Keywords: elderly, handgrip muscles’ strength, functional capabilities, disability.

scholarly journals Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Götherström ◽  
Mariam Elbornsson ◽  
Katharina Stibrant-Sunnerhagen ◽  
Bengt-Åke Bengtsson ◽  
Gudmundur Johannsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flexor Strength

ContextOnly few studies have investigated the effects of GH replacement on muscle strength in elderly patients with GH deficiency (GHD).Objective, design, and patientsIn this prospective open-labeled study, the effects of 10 years of GH replacement on muscle strength and neuromuscular function were followed in 24 elderly GHD adults (mean age of 65.2 years; range 61–74 years). Muscle strength was compared with reference values obtained from the background population.ResultsThe mean initial GH dose of 0.72 mg/day was lowered to 0.37 mg/day. The mean IGF1 SDS increased from −1.10 at baseline to 1.17 at study end. GH replacement induced a sustained increase in lean body mass and a transient increase in isometric knee flexor strength. Isometric knee extensor strength was reduced after 10 years. However, after correction for age and gender, using observed/predicted value ratios, there was sustained and even progressive increase in most variables reflecting muscle strength. Measurements of neuromuscular function showed unchanged voluntary motor unit activation after 10 years.ConclusionsTen years of GH replacement therapy in elderly GHD adults resulted in a transient increase in isometric knee flexor strength, and provided protection from most of the normal age-related decline in muscle performance and neuromuscular function.

Correlation between Surgical Risk Scales with Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Independence in Patients Submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Lisboa Cordeiro ◽  
Átila Darlan Queiroz de Brito ◽  
Graziele Freitas Almeida ◽  
Leilane Souza Jesus ◽  
Flávia de Araújo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Surgical Risk

scholarly journals Impact of peripheral muscle strength on prognosis after extubation and functional outcomes in critically ill patients: a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Hsien Wang ◽  
Chin-Pyng Wu ◽  
Li-Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Minute Walk ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractThe influence of peripheral muscle strength on prognosis after extubation and subsequent functional outcomes is not evident. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether peripheral muscle strength can be used as a predictor for patients’ prognoses after extubation, and (2) whether the peripheral muscle strength before extubation is correlated with patients’ subsequent ambulation ability and in-hospital mortality. This study was a prospective observational cohort study. A hand-held dynamometer was used for evaluated the muscle strength of the biceps and quadriceps right before extubation. Besides, after the patients had been transferred from the ICU to the general ward, a 2-minute walk test was performed. A total of 52 patients were enrolled in this study, and the rate of extubation failure was 15%. The muscle strength of the quadriceps was significantly correlated with the prognosis after extubation, 48% of the patients were able to ambulate after being transferred to the general ward. The overall mortality rate was 11%, and there was a significant correlation between the biceps muscle strength and in-hospital mortality. Peripheral muscle strength may serve as an important predictor of a patients’ prognoses after extubation. Poor peripheral muscle strength is indicative of not only a higher risk of re-intubation but also higher in-hospital mortality and poorer functional outcomes.Trial registration: ISRCTN16370134. Registered 30 May 2019, prospectively registered. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16370134.

scholarly journals Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Cortes ◽  
Christina Tornberg ◽  
Tanja Bänziger ◽  
Hillary Anger Elfenbein ◽  
Håkan Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractAge-related differences in emotion recognition have predominantly been investigated using static pictures of facial expressions, and positive emotions beyond happiness have rarely been included. The current study instead used dynamic facial and vocal stimuli, and included a wider than usual range of positive emotions. In Task 1, younger and older adults were tested for their abilities to recognize 12 emotions from brief video recordings presented in visual, auditory, and multimodal blocks. Task 2 assessed recognition of 18 emotions conveyed by non-linguistic vocalizations (e.g., laughter, sobs, and sighs). Results from both tasks showed that younger adults had significantly higher overall recognition rates than older adults. In Task 1, significant group differences (younger > older) were only observed for the auditory block (across all emotions), and for expressions of anger, irritation, and relief (across all presentation blocks). In Task 2, significant group differences were observed for 6 out of 9 positive, and 8 out of 9 negative emotions. Overall, results indicate that recognition of both positive and negative emotions show age-related differences. This suggests that the age-related positivity effect in emotion recognition may become less evident when dynamic emotional stimuli are used and happiness is not the only positive emotion under study.

scholarly journals Gait disturbances and muscle dysfunction in fibroblast growth factor 2 knockout mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Homer-Bouthiette ◽  
L. Xiao ◽  
Marja M. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gait Disturbances

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is important in musculoskeletal homeostasis, therefore the impact of reduction or Fgf2 knockout on skeletal muscle function and phenotype was determined. Gait analysis as well as muscle strength testing in young and old WT and Fgf2KO demonstrated age-related gait disturbances and reduction in muscle strength that were exacerbated in the KO condition. Fgf2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of old WT compared with young WT. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly reduced with increased fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates in old WT and Fgf2KO vs. young WT. Inflammatory cells were further significantly increased in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Lipid-related genes and intramuscular fat was increased in old WT and old Fgf2KO with a further increase in fibro-adipocytes in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Impaired FGF signaling including Increased β-Klotho, Fgf21 mRNA, FGF21 protein, phosphorylated FGF receptors 1 and 3, was observed in old WT and old Fgf2KO. MAPK/ ERK1/2 was significantly increased in young and old Fgf2KO. We conclude that Fgf2KO, age-related decreased FGF2 in WT mice, and increased FGF21 in the setting of impaired Fgf2 expression likely contribute to impaired skeletal muscle function and sarcopenia in mice.

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