scholarly journals The phenomenon of data diplomacy: key terms, research methodology, and current challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Vadim Trubachev
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Digital Diplomacy ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
New Instruments ◽  
Russian Research

The key goal of this research lies in presenting the basic terminology and structure of the phenomenon of data diplomacy, as well as in forming the methodological framework based on the empirical manifestations of data diplomacy in the modern context. The subject of this article is the examination of the three semantic concepts of data diplomacy: “data in diplomacy”, “diplomacy for data”, and “data for diplomacy”, as well as the possibilities of their intersection and interaction for achieving political goals. Using the Russian and international political examples, the author describes the manifestations of these concepts in diplomatic practice. The relevance of data diplomacy emerges due to the ongoing technological changes, which provide new instruments and capabilities for traditional diplomacy. The existing gap between the emergence of new technological instruments, namely those related to big data, and their implementation in the traditional diplomacy of any country, requires deliberate attention and development of methodology that allows determining the key trends in transition from traditional diplomacy to data diplomacy. The main results of the conducted research consists in the formation of a framework for studying data diplomacy, as well as outlining the key legal, ethical, and technological challenges and problems of using big data and their impact upon the role and work of a diplomat, as well as interaction of various actors in the international relations. This brings novelty into the Russian scope of works on digital diplomacy, since the aforementioned framework of data and definition of the key challenges based on it have not been previously reflected in the Russian research.

scholarly journals Facebook groups as a tool in high education

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Nikola Dojčinović
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
High Education ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

The modern age is characterized by the Internet era, the rapid development of technology and new means of communication and education, including social networks. The aim of this paper is to examine the degree of utilization of Facebook in higher education by students, and educational tools within the network. The first part of the paper refers to definition of key terms in relation to the subject matter of the research, chapters on the social network Facebook in function of education and Facebook groups in education. This section also presents interpretations of previous researches, from published scientific papers and books, on the use of the Facebook social network in high education. The second part presents the research conducted for the purposes of this paper, which showed that a group of surveyed students from the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš use Facebook for educational purposes through Facebook groups. Finally, the results that led to the conclusion are summarized.

1. What is environmental law? A brief introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Bell ◽  
Donald McGillivray ◽  
Ole W. Pedersen ◽  
Emma Lees ◽  
Elen Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Future Study ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Difficult Issue ◽  
The Way

This chapter, which discusses the difficult issue of defining ‘environmental law’ for the purposes of this book, covers the definition of certain key terms and provides an outline of some of the underlying themes that will be found in many of the chapters that follow. It is designed for use at the very beginning of a course of study to help to establish a context for future study. The notes and questions at the end of the chapter are designed to provoke thought about the way in which law and policy might affect everyday environmental issues and problems. In identifying the subject matter of this book, it is first necessary to consider whether there is any identifiable subject that could be termed ‘environmental law’.

scholarly journals Computer network attacks as an act of aggression in the context of the development of modern international relations: pros and cons

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Lobach ◽  
Evgeniya A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Network Attacks ◽  
Conventional Weapons ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Computer Network Attacks

The article analyzes the conflicting approaches to the possible recognition of computer network attacks as an act of aggression in the focus of modern international relations and trends in scientific and technological progress. The question raised in the article is as follows: is aggression against another state possible through the exclusive use of cyber weapons? To solve the indicated problem, the scholastic method of conducting a discussion is used, in which two series of contradictory arguments regarding the subject of discussion are put forth, and the conclusion summarizes the general conclusion based on particular theses. The conclusion is argued that the historically established definition of aggression in modern conditions of development of scientific and technological progress does not meet the interests of international peace and security, since new types of force of destructive influence constantly appear, which can generate consequences comparable in scale and severity to the consequences of using conventional weapons. However, there are still some problematic moments that arise in connection with the qualification of cyberattacks as a crime of aggression, requiring understanding and resolution in accordance with the development of the science of international law and law enforcement practice in the context of international relations.

scholarly journals O pojęciu i istocie bezpieczeństwa

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz ROSICKI
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
General Definition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spatial Entity

The subject of the paper is the notion and essence of security. The paper is divided into three parts; the first one discusses the essence of security, the second – the increasing significance of security in non-military dimensions, while the third part presents different ways of defining the notion of security. The first part analyzes security in its philosophical, existential and biological contexts. These considerations are concluded with a general definition of security as the opportunity to fulfill one’s existential needs as well as to ensure one’s existence, survival and development. Security is also a state of certainty of the above opportunities. The second part of the paper concerns the issue of the expansion of the notion of security. This is related to redefining power in international relations and with the progressing specialization of the fields of study that deal with the issue of security. Additionally, attention should be paid to the expanding repertoire of threats, which forms an element of numerous definitions of security. The expansion of this repertoire itself may be a consequence of increased awareness in various realms of social activity (e.g. environmental protection). The last part concentrates on the ways of defining security and concerns four approaches to security as the (1) subject, (2) object, (3) a spatial entity, and (4) a process. It can be said that the concept of security is open; it is impossible to present a single, clear set of definitions. This follows from the open repertoire of threats and different approaches of different fields. Therefore, static approaches to the essence of security should be criticized. It should also be stated that the range of the concept will continue to expand.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sarah Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mass Digitization ◽  
Advanced Analytics ◽  
Definition Of

This introductory chapter provides a definition of big data as well as an overview of the use of big data in policing. Big data is a data environment made possible by the mass digitization of information and is associated with the use of advanced analytics, including network analysis and machine learning algorithms. Law enforcement’s adoption of big data is part of a broader shift toward the use of big data and machine-learned decisions throughout the criminal justice system. From surveillance to pretrial determinations and sentencing, big data saturates American criminal justice. It is also the subject of contentious debate in policy, media, legal, regulatory, advocacy, and academic circles. Focusing on the Los Angeles Police Department’s use of big data and associated surveillance technologies, this book studies how big data is actually used by police in practice—and to what consequence.

scholarly journals Main theoretical approaches to a concept evolution research international security

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
International Security ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

A lot of scientific papers are devoted to the issue of international security. At the same time, there are almost no works devoted precisely to the tools of the methodology of studying the concept of international security at the present stage of evolution in the scientific discussions, that greatly reduces the effectiveness of the research process. The subject matter of the article is selection of the main theoretical approaches to the study of the evolution of the concept of ‘international security’. The goal is to analyze the latest approaches to the evolution of the concept of ‘international security’ and the methodology of its study in the modern international political science. The objective is to study the main stages of the evolution of the flagship theoretical approaches to the definition of international security and the methodology of its study. Common scientific methods are used: the historical approach – in identifying the main stages of the development of the concept of ‘international security’ in the political science, generalization and retrospective analysis – in the study of the methodology of this concept in modern political science. The following results are obtained: general methodological approaches to the definition and study of international security are summarized, the main principles of its system formation, models and mechanisms of provision are outlined. The newest methodical approaches to the scientific analysis of this concept are analyzed. The author specifically discloses the modern threats that have arisen in the conditions of security at global and regional levels and that are caused by the planetary problems of the international political process, such as globalization processes, global humanity problems, transnational terrorism, etc. Conclusions: there is a large number of new theoretical trends that enter into controversy with the classical ones concerning the possibilities and methodology of knowledge of contemporary challenges of international security in modern political science of international relations. At the same time, the analyzed approaches determine the current understanding, the content and essence of international security in all its manifestations from the formation of the national interests of individual states in this area to the practical mechanisms of the functioning of the global system of international security. The effective functioning of the collective security mechanism is an integral part of international security. This problem is extremely relevant and can become the subject of separate expert discussions and studies in the field of international relations.

scholarly journals Is Corrective Feedback in the ESL Classroom Really Effective? A Background Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gaston Bacquet
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Esl Classroom

The use, range and efficacy of different types of corrective feedback in the ESL classroom have been widely researched, especially over the past 30 years. This paper attempts to dissect such research and to provide language teachers with an understanding of the background literature and theoretical views surrounding the subject. By summarizing different, often contrasting views on what corrective feedback is, how it works and how effective it is (or not), I strive to provide ESL teachers with a deeper understanding of the available literature and different perspectives that can hopefully better inform and shape our practice. The paper first provides definition of key terms related to corrective feedback, it proceeds to explore a range of theories and views and to look into the core studies regarding both written and spoken feedback and it ends with a short discussion on how these finding are relevant for ESL teachers.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Antonio Negri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Diran
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antonio Negri

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

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